高中英语 Unit 22 Environmental Protection Section Ⅲ课件 北师大版选修8.ppt

sectionlesson3naturaldisasters,一,二,三,四,一、词义匹配ab()1.granda.asuddeneventthatcausesmanypeopletosuffer()2.armb.impressiveandlargeorimportant()3.meansc.toprovideweaponsforyourself/sb.inordertofightabattleorawar()4.catastrophed.toslideashortdistancebyaccidentsothatyoufallornearlyfall()5.slipe.toleaveapersonorplaceveryquickly,especiallybecauseyouareafraidofpossibledanger()6.fleef.anaction,anobjectorasystembywhicharesultisachieved;awayofachievingordoingsth.答案:1.b2.c3.f4.a5.d6.e,一,二,三,四,二、猜词拼写1.afinepowderthatconsistsofverysmallpiecesofsand,earth,etc.2.toturnoverandoverandmoveinaparticulardirection;tomakearoundobjectdothis3.aviolenttropicalstormwithverystrongwinds4.thetotalamountofrainthatfallsinaparticularareainaparticularamountoftime5.happeningorexistinginthesea,notfarfromtheland6.thepossibilityofsth.happeningorbeingdevelopedorused7.tomakealong,loudcry,dust,roll,typhoon,rainfall,offshore,potential,howl,一,二,三,四,8.usedforbuildingwalls,housesandotherbuildings;anindividualblockofthis,brick,一,二,三,四,三、词汇拓展1.changeable的动词vt.改变2.irrigation的动词vt.灌溉3.rough的副词adv.艰难地4.separation的动词vt.使分开5.construct的名词n.建造6.mountainous的名词n.山,change,irrigate,roughly,separate,construction,mountain,一,二,三,四,四、单句填空1.anewbridge(build)overtheriverwillbeopennextyear.2.thetopic(discuss)tomorrowisabouthowtoprotecttheenvironment.3.imsorry,butmycomputer(repair)atthepresent.4.thenovel(translate)intomanykindsoflanguagessofar.5.thethiefwentintotheforesttoavoid(catch)bythevillagers.,beingbuilt,tobediscussed,isbeingrepaired,hasbeentranslated,beingcaught,1,2,3,4,5,6,1.thelastfewyearshaveseenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale,andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetocome.(page10)最近的几年发生了大规模的环境灾难,专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将发生。考点句中thelastfewyears作主语,是一种拟人的修辞手法,使行文生动活泼。thelastthreemonthshaveseenyourrapidprogressinlearningenglish.你在最近三个月的英语学习中进步迅速。thenextfewyearssawaseriesofbadharvests.接下来的几年里粮食连年歉收。acoldwintermorningfoundanoldmanlyinginthestreet.一个寒冷的冬天的早晨,一个老人躺在街上。归纳总结常用于这种用法的动词有see,witness,find等。,1,2,3,4,5,6,1,2,3,4,5,6,1,2,3,4,5,6,1,2,3,4,5,6,2.stormshavebeengettingworseeverywheretoo,withagrowingnumberofhurricaneshittingtheus,andcentralamerica.(page10)暴风雨在各地愈发肆虐,越来越多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲。thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingatthedisturbingrateof10,000peopleanhour,nearly90millionayear,withmostofthegrowthinthedevelopingworld.(page10)全世界人口正在以每小时10,000人的令人不安的速度增长,每年接近9000万人,而大多数新增长的人口来自发展中国家。,1,2,3,4,5,6,考点以上两个句子中,都运用了with的复合结构,在第一个句子中,动词-ing短语作宾语补足语;在第二个句子中,介词短语作宾语补足语。withtheboyleadingtheway,wefoundhishouseeasily.由这个男孩带路,我们很容易就找到了他的家。theteachercameinwithabookinhishand.这位老师手里拿着一本书进来了。,1,2,3,4,5,6,考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分的结构withalltheworkfinished,theyoungmandecidedtogoonaholiday.结构with+宾语+donewithsomanyemailstoanswer,thegirlwasupset.结构with+宾语+todotheyoungmanlikedgoingtosleepwithallthewindowsopen.结构with+宾语+形容词,1,2,3,4,5,6,常见的with的复合结构:with+宾语+doingwith+宾语+介词短语with+宾语+donewith+宾语+todowith+宾语+形容词,1,2,3,4,5,6,(3)他去世的时候,女儿还是个学生。hedied.(4)他离开了房间,灯还开着。helefttheroom.(5)随着时间的流逝,他们都长成小伙子和大姑娘了。,theyhavegrownintobigboysandbiggirls.,1,2,3,4,5,6,(6)他把外套搭在胳膊上走下楼来。hecamedownstairs.单句填空(7)twoexamstoworryabout,ihavetoworkreallyhardthisweekend.(8)withprices(go)upsofast,wecantaffordluxuries.(9)isatinmyroomforafewminuteswithmyeyes(fix)ontheceiling.(10)withsomanybooks(choose)from,heeventuallyfoundwhathehadbeendreamingof.(11)withmuchhomework(do),allthestudentswillhavetostayintheirclassroomforanother45minutes.,1,2,3,4,5,6,单句改错(12)theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowedthem.(13)thestreetwasquietwithnobuseswererunning.(14)incameamanwithhishandbeingtiedback.(15)withthecarbrokendownhalfwayontheroad,wehadgreatdifficultywalkinghomeinthesnow.答案:(1)withhermoneylost(2)withyourhelp(3)withhisdaughterastudent(4)withthelighton(5)withtimepassing(6)withhiscoatoverhisarm(7)with(8)going(9)fixed(10)tochoose(11)todo(12)followedfollowing(13)去掉were(14)去掉being(15)brokenbreaking,1,2,3,4,5,6,3.anumberofnationshavealreadybeeninarmedconflictoverwater,andreducedrainfallinthewestoftheushasresultedinhugeforestfires.(page10)已经有几个国家因为水的问题而动武,而美国西部由于降水减少导致了森林大火。考点resultin导致【高考典句】(2017全国高考)butweallhavetoacceptthataswegetolderourreactionsslowdownandthisoftenresultsinpeopleavoidinganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditionsandlosingconfidenceintheirdrivingskills.但是我们都不得不接受的是,当我们变老时,我们的反应变得迟钝,这经常会导致人们避免一些潜在的有挑战性的驾驶条件,失去对驾驶技术的自信。,1,2,3,4,5,6,hiscarelessnessresultedintheterribleaccident.他的粗心导致了这场可怕的事故。考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的意义couldyoutellmewhattheaccidentresultedfrom?词组resultfrom意义起因于hewasoftenlateforwork.asaresult,hewasfired.词组asaresult意义结果thesportsmeetinghasbeenputoffasaresultoftheheavyrain.词组asaresultof意义因为,1,2,3,4,5,6,(1)resultfrom起因于asaresult结果asaresultof因为(2)“导致,引起”的其他表达:bringabout/leadto/contributeto/cause,1,2,3,4,5,6,1,2,3,4,5,6,4.peopleinagriculturalareas,withoutanymeanstoearntheirliving,movetothecities,andthenconstructshabbyhomesfromwhatevermaterialstheycanfindonpoorclaysoil.(page10)农业地区的人们因为没有办法谋生而流向城市,他们在贫瘠的黏土上用可以找到的任何材料搭建起破烂的房子。考点一meansn.方法;手段【高考典句】(2017江苏高考)butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,beabletofindothermeansofadapting.但是他提供了几年时间,在这个时间里,农民们或许会找到别的适应方式。theaimofthedesigneristocreatesolutionstoproblemsthroughthemostefficientmeans.设计者的目的就是通过最有效的方法来解决这些问题。,1,2,3,4,5,6,考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的意义bynomeanscanteachinginschoolbeseparatedfrompractice.词组bynomeans意义绝不theloadwasliftedbymeansofacrane.词组bymeansof意义通过couldiuseyounewcomputer?byallmeans.goahead.词组byallmeans意义完全可以,1,2,3,4,5,6,bynomeans绝不bymeansof通过byallmeans完全可以,1,2,3,4,5,6,词义辨析means/method/approach/waymeans指实现目的的任何手段,或使用某种交通工具。常用搭配:bymeansof用/以方法method有条理的、系统的方法。常用搭配:withthismethod用这种方法approach指待人接物或思考问题的方式、方法、态度。常用搭配:theapproachto(doing)sth.做的方法way使用范围较广,但多用在具体的事情或口语中。常用搭配:inthis/thatway用这种/那种方法;,1,2,3,4,5,6,(4)imustvisitmysickfriend.用所给单词的适当形式填空(5)allpossiblemeans(have)beentriedbutinvain.(6)everypossiblemeans(have)beentriedbutinvain.答案:(1)bynomeans(2)bymeansof(3)bymeansof(4)byallmeans(5)have(6)has,1,2,3,4,5,6,考点二constructvt.建造itneedstobeconstructedfrommaterialsthatwillstandtheheatofthelampandregularadjustmentsbytheuser.它需要用能耐住这个灯发出的热和使用者定期调整的材料建造。theyoungmanislearninghowtoconstructbridges.这个年轻人正在学习怎样建造桥梁。考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分的词性、词组和意义(2017江苏高考)locatedwherethebeltmeetstheroad,jiangsuwillcontributemoretothebeltandroadconstruction.词性名词意义建设itissaidthatanewbridgeisunderconstruction.词组underconstruction意义在建造中,1,2,3,4,5,6,constructionn.建造;建设underconstruction在建设中,1,2,3,4,5,6,1,2,3,4,5,6,5.inmay2006,thousandsofindonesianslivingnearmtmerapi(whichmeansmountainoffire)hadtofleeastheythoughtitwasabouttoerupt.(page11)2006年5月,住在默拉皮山(意思是“火之山”)附近的成千上万的印度尼西亚人不得不逃离家园,因为他们认为火山要喷发了。考点fleevi.逃跑tenyearsago,theywereforcedtofleethecity.十年前,他们被迫逃离这个城市。whenthefloodarrived,thevillagersfledtohigherplaces.洪水暴发时,村民逃到了较高的地方。,1,2,3,4,5,6,5,6,1,2,3,4,6.grammar被动语态1.被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:(1)一般现在时:am/is/are+done(过去分词)visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.要求参观者不能触摸展览品。(2)现在完成时:has/havebeendoneallthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwerereadytostart.这项工作的所有准备工作已经完成,我们准备开始。,5,6,1,2,3,4,(3)现在进行时:am/is/arebeingdoneanewcinemaisbeingbuilthere.这儿正在修建一座新的电影院。(4)一般过去时:was/weredoneiwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherishouldrejecttheoffer.我被给予十分钟来决定是否应该拒绝这项提议。(5)过去完成时:hadbeendonebytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinbeijing.到去年为止,在北京已经建成另一个新体育馆。(6)过去进行时:was/werebeingdoneameetingwasbeingheldwheniwasthere.当我到那儿时,会议正在进行中。,5,6,1,2,3,4,(7)一般将来时:shall/willbedone/begoingtobedone/beabouttobedone/betobedonehundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.如果工厂关闭,将会失去成百上千份工作。(8)过去将来时:should/wouldbedone;was/weregoingtobedone;was/wereabouttobedone;was/weretobedonethenewswouldbesenttothesoldiersmotherassoonaspossible.消息应尽快传到这名士兵的母亲那里。,5,6,1,2,3,4,2.被动语态的特殊结构形式(1)非谓语动词的被动语态(此部分是本单元的语法重点)不定式的被动语态:由“tobe+过去分词”构成。如:heneedstobetakencareof.他需要人照顾。notasoundwastobeheard.听不到一点声音。温馨提示有时用不定式的完成被动式(tohavebeen+过去分词):iwouldliketohavebeentoldtheresultearlier.我本想让人把结果早点告诉我。,5,6,1,2,3,4,v.-ing的被动语态:由“being+过去分词”构成。thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.正在维修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。havingbeeninvitedtospeak,illstartmakingpreparationstomorrow.因为邀请我去讲话,我明天就得做准备。heobjectedtobeingtreatedasachild.他反对被当成孩子看待。过去分词没有被动式过去分词本身可以表示被动意义,但它没有相应的被动语态形式。thedoorremainedlocked.门仍然锁着。,5,6,1,2,3,4,(2)情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebabysitter.孩子应该由保姆照看好。(3)使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时要加to。someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.其被动结构:astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.有人看见一个陌生人走进了大楼。(4)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。themeetingistobeputofftillfriday.会议将推迟到星期五。,5,6,1,2,3,4,(5)“itissaidthat+从句”及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词,如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“it+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”。如:itissaidthat.“据说”;itisreportedthat.“据报道”;itisbelievedthat.“大家相信”;itishopedthat.“大家希望”;itiswellknownthat.“众所周知”;itisthoughtthat.“大家认为”;itissuggestedthat.“据建议”。itissaidthattheboyhaspassedtheexam.(=theboyissaidtohavepassedtheexam.)据说男孩已通过了考试。,5,6,1,2,3,4,联想拓展谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词,如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。thiskindofclothwasheswell.这种布料很好洗。温馨提示主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较:thedoorwontlock.(指门本身有毛病)thedoorwontbelocked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因),5,6,1,2,3,4,2.表示“发生、进行”等的不及物动词和短语,如:happen,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。howdothenewspaperscomeout?这些报纸是如何发行的呢?3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,look,smell等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。yourreasonsoundsreasonable.你的理由听起来很有道理。,5,6,1,2,3,4,4.非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义(1)在need,want,require,bear等词的后面,动词-ing形式用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).这栋房子需要修理。(2)形容词worth后面跟动词-ing的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。thepicturebookiswellworthreading.这本画册很值得一读。(=thepicturebookisworthytoberead.),5,6,1,2,3,4,(3)动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.(todo与things之间是动宾关系,与i之间是主谓关系。)试比较:illgotothepostoffice.doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post这个动作的执行者。),5,6,1,2,3,4,(4)在某些“形容词+不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout前省略了forme)这个问题很难解决。(5)在too.to.结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.这本书太贵,我买不起。,5,6,1,2,3,4,(6)在therebe.句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动形式作定语,重点在人;用被动形式作定语,重点在物。thereisnotimetolose/tobelost.(用tolose可看成forustolose;用tobelost,则没有明确表明逻辑主语。)没有时间可浪费。5.“介词in,on,under等+名词”构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之义,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式的意义,名词前一般不用冠词。(1)“under+名词”结构,表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有:undercontrol(受控制);undertreatment(在治疗中);underrepair(在修理中);underdiscussion(在讨论中);underconstruction(在施工中)。,5,6,1,2,3,4,(2)“beyond+名词”结构,表示“超出范围、限度”。常见的有:beyondbelief(令人难以置信);beyondonesreach(够不着);beyondonescontrol(无法控制)。(3)“above+名词”结构,表示“(品质、行为、能力等)超过、高于”。(4)“in+名词”结构,表示“在过程中或范围内”常见的有:inprint(在印刷中),insight(在视野范围内)等。(5)“on+名词”结构,表示“在从事中”。常见的有:onsale(出售);onshow(展出);ontrial(受审)。(6)“outof+名词”结构,表示“超出之外”,常见的有:outofcontrol(控制不了);outofsight(超出视线之外);outofonesreach(够不着);outoffashion(不流行)等。(7)“within+名词”结构,“在内、不超过”。,5,6,1,2,3,4,(2)thisistedsphoto.wemisshimalot.he(kill)tryingtosaveachildinanearthquake.(3)haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?notyet,therooms(paint).(4)whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday(notdecide)yet.(5)(tell)manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.(6)thechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatihadtostruggle(hear).,5,6,1,2,3,4,(7)nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasier(reuse).(8)(protect)byawall,hefeltquitesafe.(9)manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone(repair)firstisthelibrary.(10)hisfirstbook(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.,5,6,1,2,3,4,单句改错(11)clothesofthattypeweresoldwell.(12)theseoldbuildingswantrebuilt.(13)sittingtherewithtearsinhiseyes,heseemstohavetoldeverything.(14)nooneisfondofbeinglaughed.(15)theunemploymentrateinthisdistricthasbeenfallenfrom6%to5%inthepasttwoyears.,答案:(1)isserved(2)waskilled(3)arebeingpainted(4)hasnotbeendecided(5)havingbeentold(6)tobeheard(7)tobereused(8)beingprotected(9)toberepaired(10)tobepublished(11)去掉were(12)rebuiltrebuilding(13)have后加been(14)laughed后加at(15)去掉been,一,二,三,四,一、写作词汇检测用所学的单词或短语完成或翻译下列句子。1.建造(1)anewschoolwillbenearthisvillage.(2)这座正在建造的大楼是给村民的。答案:(1)constructed(2)thebuildingunderconstruction/beingconstructedisforthevillagers.2.flee(1)whenthewarbrokeout,manycitizenstoanothercity.(2)这只熊从森林里逃走了。答案:(1)fled(2)thisbearfledtheforest.,一,二,三,四,3.arm(1)withsomespears(矛;长枪),theboyswentintotheforest.(2)你们应该用知识来武装大脑。答案:(1)armed(2)youshouldarmyourmindwithsomeknowledge