语法填空解题技巧【精品】PPT课件

.,1,1、阅读/理解语篇的能力;2、分析句子结构的能力;3、熟练运用语法的能力。,1.语法填空题能力要求,.,2,WhatstheusualwayyoufulfillthetaskGrammarFilling?,三步完成:概读理解分析填空连贯检查,语法,词法,句法,章法,惯用法,思考：面对语法填空中如此繁杂的语法点，我们到底该怎样入手呢?,.,3,GroupWork,Discusswithyourgroupmembersaboutgarmmarofblanksfrom21to30.,讨论归纳,语法填空以要求根据上下文填入一个以动词(verb)（或其适当形式）、名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、冠词(article)、介词(prep.)、情态动词(modalverbs)、连词(conj)或引导词、形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.)考查各项语法内容。,.,4,3.语法填空题空格设计,纯空格,介词，连词，代词，冠词，从句引导词，情态动词，助动词等,有提示词,谓语动词，非谓语动词，名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词的比较级或最高级,.,5,3.Thelittleboypulled33_righthandoutofthepocket,冠词或(物主)代词,无提示词可数名词单数之前,1.Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey.Sothefarmerkilled40_goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.2.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas35_shy,nervousperfectionist.,the,a,his,考查语法点:定冠词,不定冠词,物主代词的用法,讨论归纳,.,6,归纳总结：,如果句子基本结构完整，空格后面是名词（尤其是单数名词），前面无限定词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a/the)、不定代词(any,no,some,all,every.)和形容词性物主代词(my,her,their,its)，名词所有格等进行修饰。,.,7,连词或从句引导词,无提示词两个主谓结构连接,1.Itwasnotlong39_thewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipedownthetableandsuddenlywassurprisedatwhatshesaw.2.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,_itwasimpossibletocontrolit.,before,考查语法点:各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法,讨论归纳,找出谓语动词；分清楚句子层次理清分句关系；克服干扰，划掉修饰成分,but,.,8,归纳总结：,1从句子结构考虑，如果空格前后都有句子。则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连词。表原因：because,for,since等表结果：so,therefore,hence,thus等表递进：further,furthermore,moreover,inaddition等表转折：but,nevertheless,however,yet,While,althouhgh,though等,.,9,2如果两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有分号或句号，也没有关联词连接或引导，则填并列连词或从属连词,that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why(引导定语从句)that,whether,if,whose,which,who,what,when,where,how,why(引导名词性从句)when,before,after,until,while,because,so,if,unless,although,as(引导状语从句)and,orbut(连接并列句）,.,10,介词,无提示词与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语,表语等与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语,1.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis39_greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish2.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback34_thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.,of,at,考查语法点:介词的基本用法及惯用搭配,讨论归纳,.,11,归纳总结,名词或代词前面的空格也可能填介词。如句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。介词可位于名词之前如：atnight,onSunday也可位于形容词之后，如beinterestedin,begoodat还可位于不及物动词之后，如listento,arriveat,lookfor,.,12,特殊句式结构,1Sherememberedhowdifficult_wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.2Little_weknowhislife.3_coldwastheweatherthatwehadtostayathome.4I_gotothestationtomeetherbutIdidntseeher.5Itwasinthestreet_Imetanoldclassmateofminetheotherday.,it,do,So,did,that,.,13,归纳总结,由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词1由itis.that.强调句型2由it作形式主语或宾语的句式3sosuch.that.句型4构成倒装条件的only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,notuntil,had等5强调谓语动词要填do,does,did.,.,14,有提示词的解题技巧,分析句子结构上下文语境,谓语动词（时态和语态）非谓语动词名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词的比较级或最高级,有提示词,.,15,动词,给出的提示词为动词时，我们应首先分析句子结构，判断该动词在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，或者是否需要转换词性等，然后再具体解题。,.,16,谓语动词,有提示词与主语构成主谓结构,1.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI39_(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.2.Hisfearoffailure36_(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.,wastold,kept,考查语法点:谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致,讨论归纳,.,17,技巧1：句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。,例1.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_(close)mybookandwalkedaway.,closed,.,18,例2.Allovertheworld,peoplemovefromplacetoplace.Moreandmorepeople_(leave)townsandfarmstomovetocities.Thismovement(move)tocitiesiscalledurbanization.,areleaving,.,19,例3.Smallercarsarejustoneofthedirectionsthatthecarindustryistaking.Alsotheindustry_(produce)carsthatpollutelessandhavealessharmfuleffectontheenvironmentthesedays.,isproducing,.,20,例4.Nobodyknowswhat_(happen)ifshehadrefusedtopay.,wouldhavehappened,例5.Theinternationalagreement,intendedtoencouragechildrennottosmokeand_(help)peoplekickthehabit,_(sign)onFebruary27lastsummer.,help,wassigned,.,21,例6.Thehappiest(happy)ofpeopledontnecessarily(necessary)havethebestofeverything;theyjustmakethemostofeverythingthat_(come)alongtheirway.,comes,例7.Thecountrylifehewasusedto_（change）greatlysincetheopeningpolicywascarriedout.,haschanged,.,22,非谓语动词,有提示词除谓语动词以外的动词形式,1.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson32_(receive)thegift.2.IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft_(complete)therest!3.Mypupils,Donnie40_(include),adoredher.,receiving,tocomplete,included,考查语法点:非谓语动词及变形的使用,讨论归纳,.,23,技巧2：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用doing形式，done形式，还是todo形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。,.,24,例10.butitisnotenoughonly_(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.,tomemorize,例11._(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwontmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary,Speaking,注意：作主语或宾语时，通常用doing/beingdone形式表示习惯或一般情况；用todo/tobedone形式表示具体情况或将来；作状语用havingdone/havingbeendone表示已发生。,.,25,例12._(complete)theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.,Tocomplete,例14.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_(success.),tosucceed,注意：作目的状语或者在固定结构中，一般用todo形式。,例13.Theyoungstudentdidallthathecould_(pass)theexaminations.,topass,.,26,例15.Hesawthestone,_(say)tohimself:“Thenightwilllbeverydark.”,saying,注意：分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形式。,.,27,例16.Therewillbeameeting,_(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.,learned,注意：分词做后置定语也要看它与被修饰词之间的关系确定形式。,starting,例17.Lessons_(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.,.,28,例18.At9:07pm,Sept.25,TheShenzhouVIIspacecraftwasliftedbythelongMarch-Fcarrierrocketintospace.ThelaunchoftheShenzhouVIIisChinasthirdmannedspaceventuresinceOctober23,whenitjoinedRussiaandtheUnitedStatesastheonlycountries_(send)astronautsitnospace.,注意：名词前有first,second,last,only修饰时，后面要用todo/tohavedone做后置定语。,tohavesent,theonly,.,29,例19.Mr.Greenwasdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_（repair）gowrongagain.,注意：固定结构如：havesth.done,seesth.done,thewaytodo等。,repaired,例20.Canyoutellmethewayyouthoughtof_(work)outtheproblem.,towork,.,30,词性转换,有提示词介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子,1.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid36_(rude).2.Oneofthe33_(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher5.AsfarasIamconcerned,my37_(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishwithineasyreach.,rudely,worst,suggestion,考查语法点:各类词性的正确使用及转化,讨论归纳,.,31,技巧2：词类转换题要先确定在句中的成分。,dangerous,例19.Ina_(danger)partoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealand,theylearntto,例20.Theremustbesomething_(serious)wrongwithoursociety.,seriously,.,32,varieties,例21.ZhengShouying,aprofessorattheFordScienceandTechnologyCollegeofNanjingAgricultureUniversity,believesChineseshouldlearntopickthebestmilkfromthe_(vary)thatfillstoreshelves.,.,33,harder,例23.Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould.Hejumpedeven_(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout.,unnecessary,例22.Yourmistakecausedalotof_(necessity)workintheoffice.,.,34,请用刚刚总结的考点,尝试用下面的短文,进行语法填空的命题1挖出你认为会考的10个空；2注明理由（比如：介词+名词）；3时间：3分钟。Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefirewhichdestroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonthsbeforethefire;itwasSaoPaulosnewestbuilding.Allthe25floorsoftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed.Thefirealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeoplewhoworkedinthebuilding.Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefirebrokeoutonthe11thfloor.Nooneknowshowthefirestarted.Perhapsitwasstartedbyanelectricalfireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,butitwasimpossibletocontrolit.Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabovetoescape.,.,35,考点分布,.,36,Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefire_1_destroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonths_2_thefire;itwasSaoPaulosnewestbuilding.Allthe25_3_oftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed._4_firealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeoplewhoworkedinthebuilding.Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefire_5_onthe11thfloor._6_knowshowthefirestarted.Perhapsitwasstartedbyan_7_(electricity)fireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,_8_itwasimpossibletocontrol_9_.Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabove_10_(escape).,Onepossibleversion,.,37,Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefire_destroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonths_thefire;itwasSaoPaulosnewestbuilding.Allthe25_oftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed._firealsodestroyedcarswhic