非谓语动词----语法讲解(新)PPT课件

非谓语动词语法讲解,Christina.Chen,1,.,动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词,1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词。2.非谓语动词：不能做句子谓语而具有其它语法功能的动词。,非谓语动词使用条件：一个句子当中，已经有一个主句（谓语动词），在没有连词出现的情况下，还有别的动词（非谓语动词）出现时。,Shelefttherestaurant,puttinghermobilephoneonherseat.(putting:非谓语动词）Shelefttherestaurant,butputhermobilephoneonherseat.（put:谓语动词）,2,.,非谓语动词的类型,非谓语动词,动词不定式,动名词,分词,现在分词,过去分词,3,.,动词不定式在句中承担的成分,1.作主语2.作表语3.作宾语4.作宾语补足语5.作定语6.作状语,4,.,(1)主语Subject,Togetenoughsleepatnightisimportant.,It_.,Itisadj.(forsb)todosth.,Itis+apleasure/anhonor/apitytodo.,Ittakessb+timetodo.,isimportanttogetenoughsleepatnight,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.,5,.,1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。,Itisnotgoodforyoutosmoke.,2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。,Itisapleasuretohavedinnerwithyou.,Itonlytooktwoyearstocompletetheproject.,3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。,巩固练习1,6,.,(2)表语Predicative,Myjob,is,Yourtaskis_(努力学习).,tostudyhard,Non-finite,toteachyouEnglish.,Toseeistobelieve.,7,.,Thesedayseveryonewantstogetrichfast.,(3)宾语Object,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:,fail,happen,mean,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree，etc.,+todo,Non-finite,liketodo,managetodo,8,.,thinkconsiderfindmakefeel,4.我希望很快收到你的信。,Ihopetohearfromyousoon.,5.我决定不留下来。,Idecidednottostay.,6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。,Studentsthought_,7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。,Shethoughtitunnecessarytoarguewithhim.,itinterestingtoplaycomputegames.,it+adj.+todo,巩固练习2,形式宾语,9,.,Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.,(4).宾补Complement,五看,watch,see,lookat,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二听,listento,hear,一感觉:,feel,当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:,allow,cause,ask,advise,expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,teach等.,医生建议他去南方.,Thedoctoradvisedhimtogotothesouth.,+sbtodo,10,.,Imadehimdohiswork.,He,Seesbdosth,-,sbbeseentodo,Hewasseen_fromthetreeandgethurt.fallB.tofallC.fallingD.fallen,改错:Hewasheardtalktohismotherforanhour.,totalk,wasmadetodohiswork,byme.,11,.,(5)定语Attributive,(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.),Heislookingfor_.(一间可以住的房子）,Thereisnothing_.,*我想要几本书在旅途中看。,Idlike_.,afewbookstoreadduringthejourney.,-Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?-Itisaverygood_A.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrenC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy,toworryabout,ThetopicstobediscussedattomorrowsmeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.,（没有什么可担心的）,aroomtolivein,12,.,Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.,(6)状语Adverbial,inorderto,soasto,1.表目的,2.表原因,Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.,3.表结果,Thisroomisbigenoughtoholdus.,enoughto,tooto,onlyto,etc.,Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.,13,.,1._lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept,巩固练习2,翻译：1935年,他离开家再也没回来。,In1935helefthome,nevertoreturn.,14,.,动词不定式的基本形式,15,.,(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.,(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.,(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后.),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前),16,.,1.Theboypretended_whenhismotherentered.A.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingread,2.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold,巩固练习3,17,.,3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented,4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_forhimwithoutdelay.A.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave,18,.,who,which,when,how,what,whom,whether等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,我不知道是否要接受邀请。,Idontknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitationornot.,(宾语),Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.,(主语),如何解决这个问题很重要。,我的问题是什么时候开始。,Myquestioniswhentostart.,(表语),不定式与疑问词连用:,19,.,关于省略,(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.,e.g.:Wouldyouliketogowithme?,(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.,e.g.:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?,A.IdliketoB.Idliketogo,Yes,_.,A.Idliketobe.B.Idliketo.,Yes,_.,20,.,1.-Didyougetajob?-No,I_,butitsnouse.A.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned,2.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto,巩固练习4,21,.,不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.,(1).Shecoulddonothingbut_.(cry)(2).Ihavenochoicebut_.(go)(3).Whatdoyoulike_besides_.(do,sleep),cry,togo,todo,sleep,Non-finite,22,.,Exercise,23,.,(eat,giveup,finish,explain,tell)1.Myteacherwasmade_histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.,togiveup,explaining/tobeexplained,tobefinished,3.Wefinditimpossibleforthework_aheadoftime.,4.Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.,2.Thesentencewants_oncemore.,5.Imeant_youaboutit,butIforgottodoso.,tohavetold,nottoeat,24,.,1.(MET9214)-Iusuallygotherebytrain.-Whynot_byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing,2.Ratherthan_onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_abicycle.(MET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding,25,.,4.Shecanthelp_thehousebecauseshesbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned,3.Whileshopping,peoplesometimecanthelp_intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed.topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded,26,.,5.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.dontmake,27,.,7.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see8.Themotherdidntknow_toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.why,28,.,9.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning,10.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot_.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff,29,.,11.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone,12.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,30,.,13.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking14.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake,31,.,Assignment:1.Reviewwhatwehavelearnedaboutinfinitive.2.Doalltheexerciseinthepaper.,32,.,不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：,(1)动宾关系Ihavealotofworktodo.(2)主谓关系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.(3)同位关系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.,33,.,固定句型:,hadbetter+(not)dosth.最好（不）做某事Why(not)dosth.?prefertodo/preferdoingprefer+n./doingA+to+n./doingBprefer+todoAratherthan(to)doBwouldrather(not)dosth.wouldratherdoAthan(do)Bwouldrather+句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）要做,34,.,注意以下几种情况不定式的用法,*在thefirst,thesecond，thelast和only之后，只能用todo。如：Hewasthelasttoleavetheclassroom*如果understand，realize,know用在begin,start,attempt,intend后，只能用todo。如：Ibegantounderstandthetruth*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用nottodo,而用inordernottodo或soasnottodo。如：()Inordernottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow()Nottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow()Hecameintotheroomthroughthewindowsoasnottobeseen*soastodo一般不放在句首。()Hegetupatfivethismorningsoastocatchtheearlybus(X)Soastocatchtheearlybus，hegotupatfivethismorning,35,.,Myteacherwasmade_histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants_oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered_thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.being,B,D,C,36,.,4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard_.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot_.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff,B,D,C,37,.,7.-Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?-Thekey_theproblemistomeetthedemand_bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.-Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?-Itisaverygood_.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy,B,A,38,.,9.-Didyougetajob?-No,I_,butitsnouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework_aheadoftime.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished11.-IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.-Whynot_therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo,B,D,B,39,.,12._aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan_forfood.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended_whenhismotherentered.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingread,A,A,C,40,.,Exercise,41,.,1.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.dontmake3.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,42,.,4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit6.Themotherdidntknow_toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.why,43,.,7.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning8.Weagreed_herebutsofarshehasntturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto,44,.,10.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented,45,.,13.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking14._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep15.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake,46,.,1.Toseeyouisglad.=Itsgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.5.Heisthemantoseeyou.6.Imgladtoseeyou.7.Iwenttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou9.Totellyouthetruth,Idontagreewithyou.10.Howtosolvethisproblemisveryimportant.,（作主语）,(作宾语）,（作宾补）,(作表语）,（作定语）,（作原因状语）,（作目的状语）,（作结果状语）,（独立成分）,（和疑问词连用）,47,.,一.动名词:V.+ing,二.现在时态和语态,doing,havingdone(不作定语）,beingdone,havingbeendone(不作定语）,48,.,三.现在分词在句中承担的成分:,1.作主语,2.作宾语,3.作表语,4.作定语,49,.,Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusiness.,1.作主语:,Seeingisbelieving.,e.g.,-Whatmadehimsounhappy?-_theticketforthefootballmatch.,HavingbeenlostB.LostC.BecauseoflosingD.Losing,Key:_,D,Losingtheticketforthefootballmatchmadehimsounhappy,50,.,对着打翻了的牛奶哭是没用的。Cryingoverthespiltmilkisnouse.Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.类似的还有：Itisnogooddoingsth.Itisnousedoingsth.,51,.,现在分词的逻辑主语（分词的独立结构）,分词的逻辑主语，一般为主句的主语，但当分词的动作执行者和句子的执行者不一致时，分词前必须有自己的主语。如：Ifweatherpermits,wewillhaveafieldtriptomorrow.Weatherpermitting,wewillhaveafieldtriptomorrow.这被称为分词的独立结构。,52,.,IenjoylearningEnglish.Howaboutmeetingoutsidethetheatre?,2.作宾语:,Vt.Prep.,+,doing,53,.,下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语：,admit,appreciate,deny,resist,stand,imagine,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,canthelp,等。如:1）你介意我在这儿抽烟吗?Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?2）这女孩被告知每天练习三个小时的钢琴.Thegirlwastoldtopractiseplayingthepianoforthreehourseveryday3）Goodnewskeepscoming.,54,.,下列V.+prep.通常用ing形式作宾语,尤其注意介词to,e.g.insiston,preventfrom,dependon,feellike,befondof,succeedin,beproudof,excusefor,apologizefor,lookforwardto,objectto,beusedto,beopposedto,etc.,Prep.后通常用ing形式作宾语.,e.g.Theboystoodstillwithout_(dare)toraisehisheadbecauseof_(break)avase.,daring,Havingbroken,55,.,todo和doing的区别:,remembertodorememberdoingforgettodoforgetdoingstoptodostopdoinggoontodogoondoingtrytodotrydoingregrettodoregretdoingmeantodomeandoing,56,.,注意:动词如：permit,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider有不同的用法:,V+sbtodosthitstoonarrow.IforbidsmokinginmyhouseWedonotpermitsmokingintheoffice,58,.,3.作表语,Myhobbyiscollectingstampsandfishing.Hisjobisteaching.,Whatsthedifferencebetweenthem?,Imfishing.,Myhobbyisfishing.,(动名词),(现在分词),59,.,4.作定语:,awalkingstickAswimmingpoolAsleepingcar,区别,ThewalkingmanTheswimminggirlThesleepingboy,动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能,现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态,60,.,分词的逻辑主语（分词的独立结构）,分词的逻辑主语一般为主句的主语，但当分词的动作执行者和在句子的动作执行者不一致时，分词前必须有自己的主语。如：Ifweatherpermits.wewillhaveafieldtriptomorrow.Weatherpermitting,wewillhaveafieldtriptomorrow.这被称为分词的独立结构。,61,.,动名词表示被动意义:,在动词或词组need,want,require,beworth,deserve,etc.后的动名词表示被动意义:Yourcompositionneedsimproving.Yourcompositionneedstobeimproved.Thebookisworthreadingasecondtime.Thebookisworthytoberead/ofbeingreadasecondtime.,62,.,由于分词具有形容词性和副词性,在句子中不能充当具有名词特征的主语和宾语.,Whatsthedifferencebetweenedandingparticiple?,63,.,过去分词,作定语,作表语,作补语,作状语,64,.,分词的时态,-ing/-ed+主句（不强调动作先后）Havingdone+主句（强调时间先后）Havingbeendone如：1.UsedasameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.2.Havingbeenusedformanyyears,thebikeneedsrepairing.,65,.,Exercises,Thepresidentpromisedtokeepalltheboardmembersinformed(inform)ofhowthenegotiationsweregoingon.Havingbeen(be)theremorethanonce,theoldprofessorofferedtoshowusaroundthenewly-builtlibrary.Havingbeeninvited(invite)togotocamping,Paulorderedanewsleepingbag.Notknowing(notknow)histelephonenumber,shelosttouchwithhim.,66,.,1.作定语,3.Theproblembotheringusisthelackofmoney.4.ThesearegoodsimportedfromJapan.,-thesunwhichisrising,-ing分词和-ed分词修饰名词有:前置位和后置位.,1.therisingsun,2.Heisaretiredworker.,-Heisaworkerwhohasalreadyretired.,e.g.,（主动）Theproblem(whichis)botheringusisthelackofmoney,-ing分词表示“进行”-ed分词表示“完成”,-ing分词表示“主动”-ed分词表示“被动”,进行,完成,在时态上:,（被动）Thesearegoods(whichwere)importedfromJapan.,在语态上：,67,.,Exercises:,The_(work)peoplehaveplayedagreatroleintheactivity.Idontlike_(can)food,Iprefersomethingfresh.,working,canned,1.站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩看上去很胆小。Thegirl_byhermotherlookedverytimid.2.最近到处在议论的话题都与2008年奥运会有关。Thetopics_everywhererecentlyisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.,whowasstanding,standing,beingdiscussed,whicharebeingdiscussed,68,.,Whatsthedifference?,1.ThetopicsbeingdiscussedeverywhererecentlyisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.,tobediscussed,discussed,进行,完成,将来,2.Thetopics_(discuss)attomorrowsmeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.,3.Thetopics_(discuss)atyesterdaysmeetingwasabouttheOlympics2008.,69,.,巩固练习一,用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)Theman(question)inthepolicestationnowisaspy2)Aman_(respect)otherswillberespected3)Halfoftheguestsimportant_(invite)totheconferencewereforeigners.4)Thematter_(discuss)isveryimportant.,beingquestioned,respecting,invited,beingdiscussed,70,.,5.被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。Theboywassenttothehospitalimmediately.6.每天给我办公室送邮件的人是位退休工人.Themaneverydayisaretiredworker.,injuredbythecar,deliveringmailstomyoffice,71,.,2.作表语,Theglassisbroken.Thefoodsmellsinviting.,Whathesaidsounds_(convince).Hewas_(interest)inwhathelearnedinCanadaandhethoughteverythinginCanadawas_(interest),convincing,interested,interesting,Pleasefillintheblankwiththeverbgiven：,72,.,-ing,事物本身的特点，-,类似情况还有：surprisingsurpriseddisappointingdisappointed,encouragingencouragedexcitingexcitedamazingamazedboringboredpleasingpleased,astonishingastonished.,73,.,巩固练习二,用所给动词的-ed或ing形式填空：1)Thejourneywasquite_(tire)2)Theresultoftheexammademe_(disappoint)3)Thiswasreallyan_moment(excite)4)His_looksuggestedthathedidntunderstandit(puzzle)5)Heseemedquite_attheidea.(delight)6)Thepresentsituationis_(encourage),tiring,disappointed,exciting,puzzled,delighted,encouraging,74,.,3.作补语,Theycaughthimcheatinginthemid-termexaminationHewascaughtcheatinginthemid-termexamination.Youcantleavetheworkshopwiththemachinerunning.,1.宾语补足语,2.主语补足语,3.介词宾语补足语,75,.,Fillintheblank:1.Hewassurprisedtofindhisroomthoroughly_.(clean)2.LastnightIsawhim_(play)theviolinwithhiseyes_(shut).,“被动”,“主动”,Moreexercises,cle