2021版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors学案 新人教版选修8

unit 5 meeting your ancestors一、语基必备知识 (一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇知其意1mat n席子；垫子2quilt n. 被子；棉被3beast n. 野兽4radioactive adj. 放射性的；有辐射能的5academy n. 学院；学会；学术团体；院校6pulse n. 脉搏；节拍vi. 强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动7craftsmanship n. 技艺；手艺；精工细作8identify vt. 确认；识别；鉴别9wrinkle n. 皱纹10seashell n. 海贝壳11acute adj. 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的12accelerate vi.& vt. 加速；促进13ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的14primitive adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的.核心词汇写其形1alternative n. 可能的选择adj. 供选择的；其他的2regardless adv. 不管；不顾3somehow adv. 以方式；不知怎么地4skilful adj. 有技巧的；熟练的 (美skillful)5arrest vt.& n. 逮捕；吸引；拘留6delete vt. 删；删除7dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的；使人发晕 或困惑的8album n. 相册；集邮册；唱片9applaud vi.& vt. 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏10kindergarten n. 幼儿园.拓展词汇通其变1identify vt.确认；识别；鉴别identification n辨认；鉴定identity n身份；一致；同一性2starve vi.(使)挨饿；饿死starvation n挨饿；饿死3accurate adj.准确的；精确的accurately adv.准确地；精确地accuracy n精确；准确4interrupt vt.& vi.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止interruption n打断；打岔；中止5assume vt.假定；设想assuming conj.假设assumption n设想；假定；担任6sharp adj.锋利的sharpen vi.& vt. (使)锋利；尖锐；清晰；削尖sharpener n磨具；削具；铅笔刀7mess n凌乱；脏messy adj.凌乱的；脏的8analyse vt.分析analysis n分析analyses pl.9ripe adj.成熟的ripen vt.& vi.使成熟；成熟10significant adj.重要的significance n意义；意思；重要性；重要意义11botany n植物学botanical adj.植物学的；与植物学有关的12divide v分开；分割；划分division n划分；分割；分配；分界线1.v.ing形式的介词小结assuming假设；假定considering 鉴于；考虑到including 包含；包括supposing 假设；假如concerning 关于2.多种“选择”供你选alternative n可能的选择optional adj. 可选择的choice n. 选择choose v. 选择select v. 挑选3.cy 后缀名词速记accuracy准确；精确efficiency 效率；效能fluency 流畅；流利emergency 紧急情况tendency 倾向；趋势 (二)重点短语记牢用活1regardless_of不管；不顾2at_most 至多；最多3cut_up 切碎；伤心4fed_up_with 受够了；饱受；厌烦5look_ahead 向前看；为将来打算6date_back_(to)_ 追溯到；始于7keep_out 关在门外；不准入内8be_aware_of 知道9scare_away 把吓跑10with/in_relief 轻松地；如释重负地1.无被动语态的动词短语聚焦date from/back to追溯到belong to 属于consist of 由组成 come true 变成现实take place 发生 break out 爆发2.“at.”短语荟萃at most至多；最多at least 至少at present 目前；现在 at first 起初at work 在工作 at ease 自由自在地 (三)重点句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：as引导非限制性定语从句yes, indeed, _as_the_botanical_analyses_have_shown_us,_all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. 是的，很对。正如植物学的分析结果已经告诉我们的，这儿四周曾是一个很大的浅水湖的一部分。句型2：if only . 要是就好了if_only_she_had_looked_ahead_and planned better this year!她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！句型3：had just/almost done sth. when.刚做/快要做某事这时she_had_almost_reached_her_destination_when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.快到目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，让她止住了脚步，停了下来。句型4：only to do sth.作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, luna. 她突然坐了下来，结果被她那又笑又叫的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式1at our hotel, services are available to all, regardless(不管) of income or social status. 2the plants need the right amount of sunlight and rain to grow and ripen(成熟)3as we all know, most of us students feel somehow(不知怎么地) nervous whenever were taking an important exam.4the internet also provides us with a cheap alternative (可能的选择) to communicate with others.5he was arrested(arrest) for spreading rumors on the internet.6. (2019江苏卷)humankind paid for its broad vision and_skillful(skill) hands with backaches and painful necks.语境品词写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义1(2019全国卷七选五)you will surely need to overcome some difficulties，some planned，but most unplanned.you cannot overcome them without ample motivation.足够的；充足的2(2019天津卷阅读a)what would a participant have to do with an essay of 1，500 words to meet the category requirement? 类别；种类3(2017全国卷) i enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums. 唱片.派生词练习用所给词的适当形式填空1assuming that you are the guide of the foreigners who are to visit our school, how would you prepare for your assumption as the guide? (assume)2the kid made a mess in the living room, so his mother asked him to clean out the messy living room quickly. (mess)3the scientists think his invention is of great significance,_because it is significant to cure the patients of deadly disease. (significant)4the candies were divided out among all the kids, but they could not agree upon the division of them. (divide)5while calculating the maths problem, you should pay more attention to the accuracy of the numbers, or you cant figure it out accurately. (accurate)6if you interrupt others conversation abruptly, you will be to blame for your interruption. (interrupt).选词成篇regardless of; look ahead; date back to; make a fortune; have no alternative but to (do sth.); be fed up with; at mostthis incident 1.dates_back_to five years ago, when he 2.was_fed_up_with_study. he left home alone and 3.regardless_of objection from his family, assuming that he could 4.make_a_fortune. he had 5.at_most 1，000 yuan on him and got to shanghai, only to find he could do nothing. he 6.had_no_alternative_but_to steal and rob and was arrested at last. now he regrets what he did! he has made up his mind to 7.look_ahead and start a new life.完成句子1(2018全国卷书面表达)众所周知，中国人非常重视餐桌礼仪。as_is_known_to_all,_chinese people attach great significance to good table manners.2今年春节全家能团圆就好了！if_only_the_whole_family_could_be_united during the spring festival this year!3他匆匆忙忙地赶往剧院，结果被告知票已卖完。he hurried to the theatre, only_to_be_told that the tickets had been sold out.4他刚上床睡觉，这时电话铃响了。he had_just_gone_to_bed_when the telephone rang. alternativeadj.供选择的；其他的n可能的选择；选择对象基础练习单句语法填空the manager said that they had an alternative plan if the plan they had put forward was not accepted.the internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to communicating(communicate) with others.能力提升词汇升级(普通表达)failure is the mother of success.sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no choice but to face failure bravely and learn from it.(高级表达)failure is the mother of success.sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no_alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it. (1)have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事an alternative to. 的替代物(to是介词)(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地 佳句背诵 im afraid i have no alternative but to wait until my parents finally agree to my plan.恐怕我别无选择，只好等待父母同意我的计划。联想发散 “别无选择只好做某事”短语：have_no_choice_but_to_do_sth.；cant_do_sth.but_do_sth.；can_do_nothing_but_do_sth. interruptvt.& vi.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止基础练习单句语法填空he was writing a poem when he was_interrupted (interrupt) by a knock at the door.(2018北京卷书面表达)to help them better understand our teadrinking culture, i introduced the history of teamaking to them for several hours without interruption(interrupt)being a badtempered man, he wouldnt tolerate having his lectures_interrupted(interrupt) (1)interrupt sb./sth.(with sth.)(以某事)打断某人/某事(2)interruption n. 打扰，插嘴，打岔；阻断物without interruption 连续地，不断地 佳句背诵 hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 assumevt.假定，认为；设想基础练习单句语法填空(2018江苏卷)it is wrong to_assume(assume) arts groups cannot make a profit. assuming(assume) you are right, well make a great deal of money from the project.a lot of people make the assumption(assume) that poverty only exists in the third world.能力提升完成句子假定我当选为北京冬奥会的志愿者，我将全心全意为人民服务。assuming_that_i_am_chosen_to_be_a_volunteer at beijing winter olympic games, i will serve the people heart and soul. (1)assume sb./sth.to be假定某人/某事为it is assumed that. 一般认为 (2)assumption n假定；假设make an assumption 认为，假定on the assumption that. 假定(3)assume/assuming (that) . 假设/假定佳句背诵 it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.人们认为全球变暖和气候变化在将来还会导致更多的灾难。 significancen意义；意思；重要性；重要意义基础练习单句语法填空in my view, practicing handwriting is of great significance(significant) to the students growth.it is significant(significance) that nowadays fiber is still considered to be an important part of a healthy diet.能力提升词汇升级(普通表达)youd better arrive ahead of time, which is very important to show your politeness. (2018全国卷书面表达)(高级表达)youd better arrive ahead of time, which is of_great_significance to show your politeness. (1)be of (great/no/little) significance to.对(很/不)重要attach (great) significance to 认为(很)重要(2)significant adj. 重要的；明显的be significant for 对是重要的 佳句背诵 only then did he realize the significance of protecting the environment.只有在那时他才意识到保护环境的重要性。 regardless of不管；不顾基础练习单句语法填空/完成句子(2019全国卷) .whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.(2018全国卷书面表达)despite/in_spite_of_the_rain(尽管下雨), we can still take part in physical activities in the stadium.能力提升微写作 (江苏卷书面表达)除此之外，网络使调查和投票无论在时间上还是空间上变得容易、方便了。in addition, the internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient, regardless_of_time_and_space (1)regardless of不管；不顾(侧重指不计后 果和代价)(2)despitein spite of 尽管；不管；虽然 (后常接名词，不接从句)(3)with regard to 关于；至于 佳句背诵 you will hurt others if you say what you think, regardless of other peoples feelings.如果你想说什么就说什么，而不管别人怎么想，你会伤害别人的。 date back (to.)追溯(到)；始于基础练习单句语法填空as far as i know, the old town dates(date) back to the late seventeenth century. dating(date) from 1933, the south lake park in changchun is located in the southwestern part of the changchun city.能力提升一句多译(2018北京卷书面表达)中国饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1 000多年前。chinese teadrinking culture has a long history which dates_from/back_to_more_than_1，000_years_ago(定语从句)chinese teadrinking culture has a long history dating_from/back_to_more_than_1，000_years_ago(分词作定语) (1)date back todate from追溯到(2)out of date 过时的，陈旧的up to date 最近的，新式的， 现代的 佳句背诵 according to the expert，the temple has a history dating from/back to the early tang dynasty.那个专家说这座寺庙的历史可追溯到初唐时期。名师点津 date back to和date from一般无进行时态和被动语态；作后置定语时，常用现在分词形式。 if only. 要是就好了(教材p43)if only she had looked ahead and planned better this year！她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！基础练习单句语法填空if only we had_made(make) full use of time to make good preparations for the best.constant quarrels between my parents are driving me crazy.if only i had(have) a warm and harmonious family.if only we all would_do(do) a good job in the coming college entrance examination.能力提升完成句子事实上，他激励我在大学主修英语。要是我生活在他的时代，听从他的教导就好了！in fact, he inspired me to major in english in college.if_only_i_had_lived_in_his times and listened to his guidance！if only.常用来表达愿望，句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。(1)if only.had done.表示对与过去事实相反的愿望；(2)if only.did.表示对与现在事实相反的愿望；(3)if only.could/would/might do.表示对将来事情的愿望(不用should)。 佳句背诵 if only i could live in a world free of air pollution.我要是能生活在一个没有空气污染的世界就好了。名师点津 only if意为“只要；只有”，引导条件状语从句。另外，only if位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。 only to do sth.作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况 (教材p43)abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, luna.她突然坐了下来，结果被她那又笑又叫的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。基础练习单句语法填空i hurried to the post office only to_find(find) it closed.the librarians actively collected the books of the world，accelerating(accelerate) the spread of knowledge.能力提升完成句子他为面试做了充分的准备，却被告知面试取消了。he made full preparations for the interview, only_to_be_told_it_was_cancelled (1)only to do 是不定式作结果状语，意为“不料， 结果却”， 表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果。(2)现在分词短语作结果状语则表示“自然而然的结果”。 佳句背诵 he hurried to the stadium without supper，only to be told the football match was cancelled.他没吃晚饭，急匆匆地到达体育馆，却被告知足球赛取消了。.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1the room is so_messy(mess) because i can hardly spare time to clear it up thoroughly.2the more we are aware of the significance (significant) of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.3as the old saying goes，“a workman must sharpen (sharp) his tools if he is to do his work well.”4she showed special concern for the college students and attached much significance to educating(educate) them.5(2017江苏卷)in 1963 the un set up the world food programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide_starvation(starve).固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)1she had almost reached her destination when something arrested her attention and she braked sharply.2there were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to_wait(wait)3forest elephants, as the name suggests, live in tropical forests and have straight trunks and rounded ears.4im fed up with this uncomfortable weather; its high time we had/should_have(have) some sunshine.5having finished all the housework, mary dropped herself into the sofa, sighing with relief.6to make the soup, you should first cut_up some carrots and beef into small pieces and then put them into the pot.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)1thank you for allowing me to describe the situation, where i had no alternative but give up the plan.在but后加to2assumed that the weather is favorable, farmers will have a good harvest.assumedassuming3the audience evidently liked the play because they applaud for two minutes at the end of it.applaudapplauded4im very sorry to interrupt with you, but i have something very important to tell you.删除with5the conference to be held in beijing is of great significant.significantsignificance6as we can see it in the picture, the boy is so worried about the coming exam that he feels sick.删除it.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)1(2019浙江卷6月 七选五)after they were given an invitation to appear live on bbc, the beatles quickly became famous in britain with nationwide tours. _adv.在现场直播2(2019浙江卷6月七选五)john lennon and paul mccartney were named composers of the year. v选中，评为3(2019全国卷阅读a)here she picks her top reads. n好的读物，好书4(2019全国卷阅读d)the likables playswellwithothers qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jumpstart interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. v发掘，利用提能一语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 )the contest took place in vancouver.the players displayed their 1.skills(skill) to the fullest.all my attention 2.was_arrested(arrest) by the no.23 player, who took the lead soon after the contest started.suddenly it seemed that something 3.interrupted(interrupt) him, and he must meet a tough problem.however，he was 4.an acute competitor. after deleting some puzzling instructions, he managed 5.to_accelerate(accelerate) the progress.the audience burst out 6.applauding(applaud) when he was the first to finish the breaking. 7.assuming(assume) that you are interested in hacking, you might as well try your hand next time after 8.sharpening(sharpen) your skills.提能二话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)假设你是李华，你所在班级对是否应该耗费精力和时间考古进行了辩论。你写信给你的好友jack介绍此次辩论，内容如下：辩论内容和你的观点；古代文明的贡献和意义。1补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)我写信告诉你我们班对是否应该耗费精力和时间考古进行的辩论。im writing to share_with_you_the_debate about whether time and energy should be spent on archaeological_work_in_our_class我赞成研究古代文明的这一观点。i_applaud_for_the_view_that we should do research on the ancient civilization.众所周知，古人利用石器制作工具和钻木取火产生了今天的文明。as is known, the_ancient_peoples_using_stones_to_make_tools_and_drilling_woods_to_make_fire_bring_about_todays_civilization有许多令人惊异的发明源自古代。there are many amazing inventions that_date_back_to_the_ancient_times要是我们能查明他们如何形成的就好了，这对现在的生活意义重大。if_only_we_could_find_out_how_they_came_into_being,_and it will be_of_great_significance_to todays life.2升级平淡句用强调句式升级句as_is_known,_it_is_the_ancient_peoples_using_stones_to_make_tools_and_drilling_woods_to_make_fire_that_bring_about_todays_civilization.用非限制性定语从句升级句if_only_we_could_find_out_how_they_came_into_being,_which_will_be_of_great_significance_to_todays_life.3衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：personally, first of all, more importantly)_one possible version：dear jack，im writing to share with you the debate about whether time and energy should be spent on archaeological work in our class.personally, i applaud for the view that we should do research on the ancient civilization. first of all, as is known, it is the ancient peoples using stones to make tools and drilling woods to make fire that bring about todays civilization. more importantly, there are many amazing inventions that date back to the ancient times.if only we could find out how they came into being, which will be of great significance to todays life.yours，li hua (建议用时：35分钟).阅读理解a(2020陕西部分学校摸底)three boys were enjoying themselves in their hometown of bovina, mississippi. however, their lives were turned upside down when they discovered the jawbone of a mastodon(乳齿象)brothers shawn and caid sellers and their cousin michael mahalitc found the prehistoric bone in a piece of earth that was recently plowed. “i thought it was a log，” caid said. “i tried to pick it up and it was really heavy and i saw teeth on it.” the bone weighed about 50 pounds. they eventually got the bone to their home and fitted it in their bathtub, but it took their collective strength, might and a golf cart, to carry the large mastodon bone.“they didnt expect to find that，” michaels mom said. “now they