上海市交通大学附属中学2020届高三英语上学期摸底考试试题（含解析）

上海市交通大学附属中学2020届高三英语上学期摸底考试试题（含解析）第i卷i. listening comprehension (25)part a short conversationsdirections: in part a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. at the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. a. in the kitchen. b. at home. c. in a fashion shop. d. in a net bar.2. a. 500 yen. b. 1500 yen. c. 2500 yen. d. 5000 yen.3. a. he will pay for the lunch. b. sue likes spanish food very much.c. he doesnt like spanish food at all. d. both of them should treat sue well at dinner.4. a. boss and employee. b. doctor and patient.c. teacher and student. d. interviewer and interviewee.5. a. she doesnt have time to find a new flat.b. she has paid three months, rent in advance.c. she is unlikely to find such a satisfactory flat.d. she doesnt like the idea of decorating an empty flat.6. a. mike. b. sandy. c. an unexpected friend. d. a handyman.7. a. make a recovery plan. b. find a full-time job.c. drop out of school. d. resign from her present job.8. a. the woman was fully absorbed in the music.b. the woman couldnt understand the music very well.c. the woman lost her way to the conceit that evening.d. the concert was no better than what the woman imagined.9. a. extreme sports. b. travel insurance.c. travel arrangements. d. courage and safety.10. a. she is talkative. b. she is quiet. c. she is active. d. she is sociable.part b passagesdirections: in section b, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. after each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. the passage and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. when you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. a. 28 billion copies. b. 567 million copies.c. 1953 million copies. d. 2015 million copies.12. a. interviewed the vice-president of the commercial press in china.b. completed data investigation, collection and examination for the records.c. compared the sales volumes of the secret garden and harry potter series.d. delivered enough copies of xinhua dictionary to the presentation ceremony.13. a. it contains colorful cultures of many countries.b. it is the worlds most popular dictionary.c. it is a useful tool for learners of the chinese language.d. it has influenced several generations of chinese people.questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. a. over a billion people do not have enough safe drinking water.b. diseases and 6acteria in the water kill millions of people every day.c. people in developed countries take their clean drinking water for granted.d. clean, bottled water is expensive to transport to poor rural villages.15. a. it is a plastic straw.b. it uses batteries or electricity.c. it can be used for one year.d. its portable and cheap.16. a. appeal to the government to supply clean water for everyone.b. provide easy access to clean water to destroy the bacteria.c. offer the watertube free to people in. developing countries.d. sell the watertube to every person who needs one.questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. a. a little restaurant. b. a private organization.c. an ice cream shop. d. a snack bar.18. a. more flexible working time.b. less conflicts with consumers.c. closer relationship with customers.d. more freedom to make financial decisions.19. a. a program of the small business administration.b. a grant from a private organization.c. savings in his own bank account.d. loans from the bank.20. a. he found owing his own business is rewarding.b. he didnt recommend others to have their own business.c. he chose the location to compete with bigger businesses.d. he found managing a small business is high risky.ii. grammar and vocabulary (10+10+10)section a(a)directions: after reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. for the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.monday morning feeling could be the very crushing pain in the chest _1_ leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. recent research from germany and italy shows that heart attacks are more common on monday mornings.a study of 11,000 participants proved 8 am on a monday morning as _2_ (stressful) time for the heart, and both studies showed that sunday is the least stressful day.the findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to dr. stefan willich of the free university. we dont know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can t make specific recommendations about _3_ to do to prevent them, he said.monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body _4_ it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work. willich explained. “it is the unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase of the risk of a clot (血凝块) in the arteries (动脉) _5_ will cause a heart attack. when people return to work after a weekend off, they have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity, said willich. we need to know how these events cause changes in the body _6_ we can understand if they cause heart attacks.but _7_ it is tempting to believe that returning to work increases the risk of a heart attack, both willich and the italian researchers admit that it is only a partial answer. both studies showed that the over 65s are also vulnerable on monday morning _8_ most no longer work. the reason for this is not clear, but the italian team speculated that the social interactions the thought of _9_ (face) with another week and all its pressures may play a part.what is clear, however, is that the monday morning peak seems to be consistent from the northern germany to southern italy _10_ the differences in diet and lifestyle.【答案】1. that 2. the most stressful 3. what 4. as/because 5. that 6. before 7. although 8. even though 9. being faced 10. despite【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了德国和意大利的最新研究表明，心脏病在周一早晨更容易发作并分析了原因。【1题详解】考查定语从句。句意：“周一早上的感觉”可能是胸口的剧痛，让你出汗，喘不过气来。当指物的先行词有the very修饰时，关系代词用that而不用which，故填that。【2题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：一项对11000名参与者的研究证明，周一早上8点是心脏最紧张的时间，两项研究都表明周日是压力最小的一天。根据“the least stressful”可知此处用形容词最高级形式，故填the most stressful。【3题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我们不知道到底是什么导致心脏病发作，所以我们不能提出具体的预防建议。此处为宾语从句，从句中的do缺少宾语，故填what。【4题详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：星期一早晨对工作身体产生双重压力，因为它讯速地从睡眠转变为活动，从放松的周末转变为工作的压力。根据句意可知此处表示原因，故填as/because。【5题详解】考查强调句型。句意：对血液系统的不利影响和动脉血栓的风险的增加导致心脏病发作。此处为强调句型，其基本结构为：it is+被强调部分+that+其余部分，本句强调的是主语the unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase of the risk of a clot in the arteries，故填that。【6题详解】考查连词。句意：我们需要知道这些是如何导致身体变化的，然后才能了解它们是否会导致心脏病发作。根据句意可知此处表示“在之前”，故填before。【7题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：不过，尽管人们很容易相信回到工作中会增加心脏病发作的风险，但威利奇和意大利的研究人员都承认，这只是部分原因。根据句意可知前后是让步关系，故填although。【8题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：这两项研究都显示，65岁以上老人在周一早上也很脆弱，即使大多数人不再工作。根据句意可知前后是让步关系，此处表示“即使”，故填even though。【9题详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：原因尚不清楚，但意大利团队推测，社交互动一想到要再面对一周的压力可能会起到一定作用。be faced with表示“面对”，介词of后接动名词作宾语，故填being faced。【10题详解】考查介词。句意：然而，显而易见的是，尽管在饮食和生活方式上存在差异，周一早晨的高峰似乎从德国北部一直持续到意大利南部。根据句意可知此处表示“尽管”，空后是名词性短语the differences in diet and lifestyle，故填介词despite。(b)directions: after reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. for the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.a trail of hot springs dot the northern kapong district. for tree worshipers, its a site best described as awesome. visitors can enjoy the ancient hot springs, _11_ (understand) their therapeutic properties from knowledge _12_ (pass) down from one generation to another. rain, drizzle and cloudy skies are typical in phang nga, making secluded places even more mesmerizing in scenery.visit phang nga for a few days and you will immediately realise that once _13_ (overlook) things turn out to be hidden gems and one _14_ have planned for more time to enjoy them all. the ever-famous phang nga bay is in fact best seen not from the middle of the bay, but instead from the _15_ (elevate) shores of samed nang chee. you cant pick the best weather, _16_ even on partly cloudy days, the magnificent natural limestone structures of the bay is simply spectacular.if youve heard about the trading routes of the thai south and the malay peninsula, you will notice a remnant of this direct link between phuket (普吉) and phang nga (攀牙). _17_ the major trading hub of phang nga in the old days, the district of takua pa boasts a small but untainted stretch of an old sino-english community. these original century-old shophouses are “so authentic” here a local told me, it can overwhelm phuket people with nostalgia.however the town centre of phang nga is not takua pa, though. the story has it _18_ back in 1809, the siam-burmese wars drove people down to phang nga bay，hence the new settlement that has now become the provinces municipal seat. its still small in size, but with newer natural charms. mountains _19_ (surround) phang nga with the most magnificent limestone peaks _20_ create wonderfully amazing signature views. driving through the towns small parallel streets and looking up, one can only marvel at mother nature. perpetual rain and misty mornings to virtual greenness - phang nga people will ensure you get all that.【答案】11. understanding 12. passed 13. overlooked 14. should 15. elevated 16. but 17. as 18. that 19. surround 20. that【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了泰国风景胜地攀牙湾的历史和壮美景观。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：游客可以享受古老的温泉，从一代代相传的知识中了解它们的治疗作用。visitors与understand之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作伴随状语，故填understanding。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意同上，knowledge 与pass down之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作后置定语，故填passed。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：去攀牙玩几天，你会立刻意识到，那些被忽视的东西原来是隐藏的珍宝，你本应该计划更多的时间来享受它们。overlook与 things是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作定语，故填overlooked。【14题详解】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意同上，should have done表示“本应该做而没有做”，故填should。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。事实上，著名的攀牙湾最好的观赏地点不是在海湾中央，而是在地势较高的萨米德南芝海岸。shores与elevate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作定语，故填elevated。【16题详解】考查连词。句意：你不能选择最好的天气，但即使在多云的日子里，海湾壮观的天然石灰岩结构也是非常壮观的。根据句意可知前后是转折关系，故填but。【17题详解】考查介词。句意：在过去，作为攀牙的主要贸易中心，塔瓜帕区拥有一个小而干净的古老的中英社区。根据句意可知此处表示“作为”，故填as。【18题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：据说早在1809年，暹罗和缅甸之间的战争就把人们赶到了攀牙湾。此处为同位语从句，解释story的具体内容，从句成分完整，用that仅起连接作用，无实义，故填that。【19题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：群山环绕着攀牙，那些最壮丽的石灰岩山峰形成了令人惊叹的独特景观。陈述的是客观事实用一般现在时，主语是mountains，谓语动词用复数，故填surround。【20题详解】考查定语从句。先行词为limestone peaks，其前有形容词最高级the most magnificent修饰，关系代词用that而不用which，故填that。section bdirections: complete the following passage by using the words in the box. each word can only be used once. note that there is one word more than you need.people hold different views on almost anything, mainly because of the culture we are familiar with or the education we have received. we live in a judgmental world where people are quick to point out the faults and imperfections of others, yet seem unaware of their own. some _21_ souls believe they have a duty to help you to be a better person by telling you what a failure you really are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve.so what is the possible solution to criticism? if you are the one forcing others to feel _22_ of themselves, stop. make a conscious decision rather than focus on the negative aspect of a persons performance or _23_. youll offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. if im painting our living room and making a mess in doing so, i would like my husband to say to me, this is a tough job. can i offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you? rather than have him point out what a careless painter i am and then tell me how i should be doing it.if you are on the receiving end of criticism, the ok response is a perfect solution. when someone comments _24_ on a task you are doing or a personality issue of yours, a natural response is to defend and attack. however, this approach is rarely effective as it puts both parties on the _25_ . instead, simply reply with ok. this brief one-word response _26_ the other persons comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it.it is important to remain _27_ attached to what the other person is saying, but to listen without feeling, to be an objective observer. in fact, there is much that one can learn from a 12 review. you can ask yourself: did i make a mistake? could i have done better? did i give 100% of myself to the task at hand? if so, how can i improve myself? as for chronic (习惯性的) criticizers: it is important to set strict _28_ with them. remove yourself from their _29_ when necessary.in any case, one can learn to be ok with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact your life or relationship with the other party. examine it for any potential _30_, and then let it go and just be ok.【答案】21. h 22. d 23. a 24. i 25. j 26. g 27. k 28. b 29. f 30. c【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了面对负面评论时，简短的一个字的回答“好”是最佳回应。【21题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一些被误导的灵魂相信他们有责任帮助你成为一个更好的人，首先告诉你真正的失败是什么，然后就如何改进提出建议。此处作定语修饰名词souls，根据“believe they have a duty to help you to be a better person by telling you what a failure you really are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve.”可知此处表示“被误导的”，souls与misguide之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作定语，故填h。【22题详解】考查形容词。如果你强迫别人为自己感到羞耻，不要这样做了。作系动词feel的表语用形容词，feel ashamed of表示“对感到羞耻”，故填d。【23题详解】考查名词。句意：做一个有意识的决定，而不是关注一个人的表现或动作的消极方面。作动词短语focus on的宾语用名词，根据“performance”可知此处表示“动作”，故填a。【24题详解】考查副词。句意：当有人对你正在做的任务或你的个性问题发表负面评论时，一种自然的反应就是防御和攻击。修饰动词comments用副词，根据“defend and attack”可知此处表示“负面地”，故填i。【25题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，这种方法很少有效，因为它使双方都处于防御状态。on the defensive表示“处于防御状态”，故填j。【26题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个简短的一个字的回答现在承认了其他人的评论，但没有同意，也没有感觉有必要就此展开辩论。此处缺少动词作谓语，根据“the other persons comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it.”可知此处表示“承认”，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是this brief one-word response，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填g。【27题详解】考查副词。句意：对别人所说的话保持情感上的联系是很重要的，但要无感情地倾听，做一个客观的观察者。修饰attached用副词，根据“what the other person is saying, but to listen without feeling, to be an objective observer.”可知此处表示“情感上地”，故填k。【28题详解】考查名词。句意：重要的是要和他们设定严格的界限。作动词set的宾语用名词，根据“remove yourself from their _9_ when necessary.”可知此处表示“界限”，故填b。【29题详解】考查名词。句意：必要时远离他们。作from的宾语用名词，根据上文说的与他们设定严格的界限可知此处表示“存在”，故填f。【30题详解】考查名词。句意：检查它是否有潜在的真相，然后随它去吧，只是说“好”。根据上文说的你可以学会接受批评，不要让批评对你的生活或与对方的关系产生负面影响可知此处表示“负面批评的（真相）”，故填c。iii. reading comprehension (15+30)section adirections: for each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked a, b, c and d. fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.a true reality of retirement planning is that your future is riding on the quality of your assumptions. humble _31_ can be dangerous.for example, eight years into this bull market, expecting stocks to deliver as strong returns over the next decade is an uncertain proposition many are nonetheless _32_.another potential _33_ assumption is that you will be able to keep working past 65. yet the recently released 2017 retirement confidence survey by the nonpartisan employee benefit research institute finds that more than half of workers say they expect to still be on the clock past age 65. _34_, less than 15 percent of todays retirees kept working that long.if you plan on working longer as a way to get by in retirement, you are going to be in trouble, says craig copeland, senior research associate at ebri. it should be a _35_ to a solid savings and spending plan, not the foundation.its simply too _36_ to assume you will indeed be able to work longer. a survey by the transamerica center for retirement studies found that nearly two-thirds of retirees left the workforce earlier than expected because they were laid off, reorganized out of a position, or due to general unhappiness with a job. only 16 percent of retirees who _37_ the work force earlier than they expected did so because they felt they could _38_ afford to._39_, a new report from prudential puts a dollar value on why your current employer may not be inclined (倾向于) to do back flips to keep an older you happy and engaged. the estimated one-year cost to a firm when an employee _40_ retirement: $50,000.prudential estimates that on a company-wide level, delayed retirement can _41_ overall workforce costs by 1 percent to 1.5 percent. thats not nothing. and it goes a long way in explaining why employers may be more inclined to focus on financial wellness strategies to get workers ready to retire _42_ than programs to help workers delay retirement.fewer than one-third of employees surveyed by tcrs report their employer has some sort of transition program such as flexible work schedules, reduced hours or _43_ to a different role.workers vision of retirement is changing faster than employers business _44_, said catherine collinson, president of tcrs. that makes it ever more crucial for pre-retirees to take the steps today that