《英语文化背景知识》PPT课件

英语文化背景知识与小学英语教学陈陆健,I.语言与文化II.英语文化背景知识III.在小学英语教学中培养文化意识的重要性、可行性和必要性IV.文化教学和小学英语教学的融合V.文化教学应遵循的原则,I.语言和文化,文化语言和文化的关系文化对言语交际的影响和制约,*,文化是一个国家或民族的历史、地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、文学艺术、行为规范、思维方式、价值观念等。,知识文化交际文化,文化,大文化BigC小文化Littlec,Productsliteraturefolkloreartmusicartefacts,Ideasbeliefsvaluesinstitutions,Behaviourscustomshabitsdressfoodsleisure,*文化与语言,不同民族的文化孕育出不同的语言。语言与文化互相影响，互相作用。文化是语言赖以扎根的土壤，语言是文化得以反映的镜子。,SPEAKING,P,E,A,K,I,N,G,海姆斯,S,S:settingandscene,即背景和场合,P:Participants,即交际的参与者,E:Ends,即交际的目的,A:Actsequence,即交际行为顺序,K:Key,即交际的基调,I:Instrumentalities,即交际的媒介和渠道,N:Norms主要指交际时的各种规约,G:Genres,即体裁,中小学课堂教学,体裁(话语类型)言语规约交际媒介交际的基调行为顺序教学目的交际的参与者场合,SPEAKING,II.文化差异与语言学习,“游泳池里人太多，水太脏，早该换了。简直象芝麻酱煮饺子。”,Itwaspackedlikesardines,英汉两种语言在语义方面的不同英汉两种语言句子结构上的不同文化差异对语言学习与交际的影响,“我感觉汉语的句子结构好比一根竹子，一节一节地连下去；而英语的句子结构好比一串葡萄，主干可能很短，累累果实附着在上面。”庄绎传,英汉两种语言句子结构上的不同,*IcarriedalittledictionarywithmeeverywhereIwent,aswellasanotebookinwhichIlistedanynewwordsIheard.不管去哪里，我都随身携带一本袖珍字典和笔记本，笔记本上记着我听到的生词。,*ImverygladthatIgotafullmarkinthefinalexamination。这次期末考试，我得了满分，心里非常高兴。,英汉两种语言句子结构上的不同,文化意识与小学英语教学,文化差异对语言学习与交际的影响,身体语言文化背景、典故颜色意义价值观念日常生活用语,1.日常生活交际,Sheisverybeautiful!Where！Where！Oh,everywhere。,在社会文化因素的作用下，不同民族的价值观念反映到语言使用上，也造成语言学习和理解的困难。,Youdonteatmeat?Whynot?AreyouChristian?Areyouenvironmentalist?Youdonteatmeatbecauseyouwanttoloseweight?Youlookpale.Youshouldeatmeat.,2.价值观念,Chinesestudent:Mr.white,youaresopale,areyousick?Englishteacher:Wellyes.Ihavegotabadcoldforseveraldays.Chinesestudent:Well,youshouldgotoaclinicandseethedoctorassoonaspossible.Englishteacher:ErWhatdoyoumean?,3.颜色意义,不同的地理环境、社会、文化背景等使不同的民族对同一颜色词所持的态度以及产生的联想有很大的差距。,Colours,Sheisgreen-eyedwithhissuccess.,Paulwasinabluemood.,red,white,black,不同的文化背景、典故,asclose/dumbasanoystercast/lay/haveananchortowindwardYouaretheappleofmyeye.LookoutFreeze巧妇难为无米之炊,委婉语的使用,Sorry!Ihavetodomybusiness.Intheexam,Ididntmakeit.outofpocket(penniless)thehave-nots(thepoor)seniorcitizens(oldpeople)notallthere(mad)jointhesilentmajority,III.英语文化背景知识与小学英语教学,1.以汉语为母语的中国学生学习英语的情况,2.英语课程标准提出的目标要求,3.培养小学生文化意识的可行性和必要性,“在语言难度小时，读不懂英语作品主要是因为文化知识有缺陷.”-王宗炎,英语课程标准把文化作为英语教学总体目标中的重要一环，要求儿童和青少年对其他国家主要是英语国家人民的文化有所了解逐步培养跨文化意识。,中国古时儿童入私塾读书，开始读三字经，千字文，百家姓。,IV.英语文化背景知识与小学英语教学的融合。,文化意识与小学英语教学,教师观念的更新*改变传统的教学模式*改变单一性评价方式*培养学生用英美人的思维方式，去学习语言文化*师生关系的转变,学习方式的多样化通过对不同的日常生活习俗的比较领会文化。通过介绍相关的文化背景知识了解文化。通过图片、事物等展示具有文化特异性的内容而感知文化。通过情景会话，短剧表演等体验文化通过丰富的课外活动感受文化。,Greetings,Hello!Howdoyoudo?Nicetomeetyou!,Addressing,Mr./Mrs/Miss/Ms.surnameGivenname,Havingabirthday,Happybirthday!Hereisagiftforyou.Oh,itsapen。Thankyou!,Makingatelephone,Hello!ThisisSam.Whoisthat?,文化意识和小学英语教学,Christmas,SantaClausChristmastreestockingspresents,TheSpringFestival,SpringcoupletsFirecrackersDoorgodRedpackagesPapercutsNewyearcake,Firecrackers,DoorGod,Food,rice,porridge,dumplings,bread，hamburger,sandwich,文化意识与小学英语教学,感性直观的文化形象及标志最容易给小学生以深刻的印象。,Londoneye,MingTombs,BuckinghamPalace,TheSummerPalace,文化意识与小学英语教学,Whereintheworld?,Whatdoyouseeinthepicture?Whatdoessherepresent?Canyoutelltheclassastoryaboutthe?,体验文化,文化意识与小学英语教学,情景会话短剧表演,感受文化,1.利用各种电化手段，让学生体验英语国家人们的生活情趣。,2.听音乐,唱英文歌,3.Happyholidays4.收集一些具有文化特色的事物更真实地接触不同的文化5.culturewallchart,Accesstheculturethroughthelanguagebeingtaught.Makethestudyofculturalbehavioursanintegralpartofeachlesson.Aimforstudentstoachievethesocio-economiccompetencewhichtheyfeeltheyneed.Aimforalllevelstoachievecross-culturalunderstanding-awarenessoftheirownculture,aswellasthatofthetargetlanguage.Recognizethatnotallteachingaboutcultureimpliesbehaviourchange,butmerelyanawarenessandtoleranceoftheculturalinfluencesaffectingonesownandothersbehaviour.,V.文化教学应遵循的原则,实用性原则循序渐进原则交际性原则正确对待文化差异的原则,实用性,要求所教的内容必须与学生所学的语言内容密切相关，符合日常生活的实际，把语言和文化结合起来教学。突出语言的生动性，材料的生活性，激发学生学习的语言和文化的兴趣，促进学习的效率，提高教学的效率。,文化意识与小学英语教学,循序渐进,文化教学的内容要由浅入深，由简单到复杂，由现象到本质，符合小学生认知能力、心里状况、情感和语言的发展水平。,文化意识与小学英语教学,交际性,学习语言是为了交际，而进行跨文化意识的培养，学习不同民族的文化，是为了更好学习语言，从而提高学生跨文化交际的技能，真正达到语言交际的目的。,文化意识与小学英语教学,正确评价,在教学过程中不能一味地强调西方文化，不能简单地评价某一文化习俗的好坏，不可全盘没收。中西方文化个有特色，各有所长。,1.Youvebeenhavingdigestiveproblemsforaweek,andhavejuststartedtofeelbetter.YoumeetaBritishfriendataparty.Yourfriendsays,”Howareyou?”Whatwouldyoudo?a.Starttalkingindetailaboutyourproblem.b.Say,Fine,thanks.Howareyou?c.Say,Notbad,thanks.Howareyou?d.Nothing.,Socialbehaviour,YourevisitinganAmericanfriendinhernewapartment.Youliketheapartmentandyouwantyourfriendtoknow.Whatwouldyoudo?a.Say,”Yourapartmentisnice.Howmuchistherent?b.Say,Gee,thisplaceisreallynice.c.Say,Ireallylikeyourapartment.d.Saynothing,butshowthatyouareinterestedbywalkingaround,lookingateverythinginthedepartment,andpickingupeverythingthatismovable.,Youvebeeninvitedtodinneratafriendshome.Yourreabouttositdowntoeat,butyouwanttousethetoiletfirst.Whatwouldyoudo?a.Say,Excuseme.Wheresthetoilet?b.Say,CouldIwashmyhandsbeforedinner?c.Say,DoyoumindifIusethebathroom?d.Saynothingandstartlookingaroundthehouseforthetoilet.,Classroombehaviour,Youre20minuteslateforclass.Theteacherisexplainingsomethingtotheclasswhenyouarrive.Whatwouldyoudo?Goin,walkuototheteacherandapologize.Waitoutsidetheclassroomuntiltheclassisoverandthenapologizetothetweacher.KnockonthedoorandwaitfortheteachertotellyouitsOKtocomein.Goinasquietlyasyoucanandtakeaseat.,Youresittingintheclassroomtalkingtoaclassmate,whentheteachercomesin.Whatwouldyoudo?Standuptoshowyourrespectforteacher.Lookupandgreettheteacher.Lookdowntoshowyourrespectfortheteacher.Lookupandpayattentiontotheteacher.,Socialbehaviour,1.Whenpeopleareinvitedtoaparty,theyoftentakeabottleofwineorevenbottlesofbeer.2.Wheninvitedtoadinnerparty,peopleusuallyarrivewithinfifteenminutesoftheappointedtime.3.Ataninformalparty,peopledontwaittobeintroduced.Theyintroducethemselves.,Mycountry_,Socialbehaviour,4.Whenpeoplearebeingintroduced,theytrytomakedirecteye-contactwiththeotherperson.5.Menandwomenfriendsmaykisseachotheronthecheekiftheyseeeachotherafteralongtime,oreveneachtimetheymeet.6.Peopleoftentrytostartaconversationwithsomeonetheydontknowbymakingacommentabouttheweather.,Socialbehaviour,7.Peoplemaytrytostartaconversationbycomplimentingtheotherperson.8.Duringthe“farewell“stageofaconversation,peoplewilloftenmoveawayfromeachotherlittlebylittleanddecreaseeye-contact.,Datingcustoms,1.Youngmenandwomengotopartiestogether.SorD2.Intheirmid-teens,boysandgirlsgoondates.SorD3.Parentsveryrarelychoosedatesfortheirchildren.SorD,Datingcustoms,4.Womenmayinvitementopartiesorothersocialevents.SorD5.Menandwomensometimesshareexpensesonadate.SorD6.Teenagesandyoungadultsmeetandc