直接引语和间接引语(笔记).ppt

DirectspeechandIndirectspeech,直接引语与间接引语,Hesays,“Ileavemybookinyourroom”Hesaidthathelefthisbookinyourroom.,直接引语：直接引述别人的原话,间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话,直接引语一般前面要加引号，间接引语不用加引号,在学习直接引语和间接引语过程中，应注意三个问题,1）选用正确引导词2）语序（陈述句语序）3）人称、时态、指示词等的变化,间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句,直接引语和间接引语可分为四大类：,1）陈述句,2）祈使句,3)一般疑问句,变成that引导的从句,变成ask/tellsbtodosth,4)特殊疑问句,变成if/whether+称述句,变成由疑问词+称述句,一：陈述句,陈述句的直接引语变间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常可省略）。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。,Hesaid,“Ileftmybookinyourroom”Hesaidthathehadlefthisbookinyourroom.,）人称的变化,一随主,二随宾,第三人称不用变,引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致,引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致,引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称不变,Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”,Shesaidthatshelikedtennis,HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly”,HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly,Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim”,Shetoldmethattheywantedhelphim,一随主，二随宾，第三人称不用变,一、如何变人称：口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三不变。,“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.,“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：,HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。,“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：,Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodboy.”Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.,2)时态的变化,Hesays,Iwilldoittomorrow”Hesaysthathewilldoittomorrow.,如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化,如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态要做出相应的改变,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,一般过去时,过去完成时,过去完成时,不变,一般将来时,过去将来时,直接引语变间接引语时，句中的情态动词也应做相应的改变,could,might,should/would,didnthaveto,must,oughtto,3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化.,时间状语:,注意：以下几种情况时态不变直接引语是客观真理。TheteachersaidTheearthmovesaroundthesun.”Theteachersaidmetheearthmovesaroundthesunearth.,直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.,直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jacksaid.“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme”,JacksaidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim.,JacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.,直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning。”如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（例：could,should,would,might）Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”和已经是过去时的形式时，例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedtoPetersaid.Youhadbettercomeheretoday.,Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.,PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.,1.“Whereisshefrom?”Heaskedwhereshewasfrom.2.“Howoldarethey?”Heaskedhowoldtheywere.3.“Whatstheweatherliketoday?”Heaskedwhattheweatherwaslikethatday.4.“Howdoyougotoschool?.”Heaskedhowyouwenttoschool.5.“Whoissinging?”Heaskedwhowassinging.6.“Whendoyougetup?”HewantedtoknowwhenIgotup.,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,thatday,thisweek,thatweek,yesterday,thedaybefore,lastweek,theweekbefore,fourdaysago,fourdaysbefore,thedaybeforeyesterday,twodaysbefore,tomorrow,thenext/followingday,nextmonth,thenext/followingmonth,here,there,come,go,bring,take,情态动词,can,may,must,could,might,must,解题步骤:,1.陈述句,“Idontlikecomputers,”Sandysaidtoherfriends.,Sandysaidtoherfriends,that,said,didnt,she,Sandysaidtoherfriendsthatshedidntlikecomputers.,2.一般疑问句:Isiteasytoworkouttheproblem?(Theyaskedhim),Theyaskedhim,if,Itiseasytoworkouttheproblem.,itiseasytoworkouttheproblem.,asked,is,was,Theyaskedhimifitwaseasytoworkouttheproblem.,3.特殊疑问句：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim),Theyaskedhim,when,youharvestthewheat,youharvestthewheat.,he,harvested,Theyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.,4.祈使句Littleboy,putonyourcoat.(Theyordered),Theyordered,Littleboy,Littleboy,putonyourcoat.,putonyourcoat.,toput,Theyorderedthelittleboytoputonhiscoat.,his,注意事项,1)人称2)时态3)相应的时间地点状语4)标点符号5）大小写6）问号改为句号7）语序-疑问改陈述8）宾语从句由什么引出9)祈使句要使用动词不定式来引述,Exercises:1).BettysaystoHarry,Iwanttoborrowyourbook.”,2).Myteachersaid,“sheisagoodstudent.”,BettysaystoHarry(that)shewantstoborrowhisBook.,Myteachersaidthatshewasagoodstudent.,3)Sheaskedme,”Doyouagreewithme?”,4)Anneaskedhermother,“Isthereanydeliciousfoodtoeat?”,SheaskedmeifIagreedwithher.,Anneaskedhermotheriftherewasanydeliciousfoodtoeat.,5)“Whatareyougoingtodo?”heasked.,6）“Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?”askedMr.Zhang.,Heaskedmewh