高中英语必修四第一单元知识点

Youre busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; lets assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isnt it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week.Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicants lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors（骗子）; another refers to them as special cases. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by no such people.To avoid outright（彻底的）lies, some job-seekers claim that they attended or were associated with a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that attending means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century-thats when they began keeping records, anyhow.If you dont want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony（假的）diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of non-existent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State University.The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.6. The main idea of this passage is that.A）employers are checking more closely on applicants now B）lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem C）college degrees can now be purchased easily D）employers are no longer interested in college degrees7. According to the passage, special cases refer to cases where.A）students attend a school only part-time B）students never attended a school they listed on their application C）students purchase false degrees from commercial films D）students attended a famous school8. We can infer from the passage that.A）performance is a better judge of ability that a college degree B）experience is the best teacher C）past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees do D) a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job petition9. This passage implies that.A）buying a false degree is not moral B）personnel officers only consider applicants from famousschools C）most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school D）society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications10. As used in the first line of the second paragraph, the word utter means.A）address B）thoroughC）ultimate D）decisiveToday we had a chemistry test. I found the test difficulty, but I tried hardly to do it. Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers. After think for some time, I let her copy my answers. But after the test, all of us were called to the teachers office. The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the tests. We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents. I was very upset. I didnt cheat. I was just helping a friend. Why does she punish me?Book 4 Unit 1 Great women and their achievements1.Women of achievement 成功女士【词语拓展】achieve vt. 获得；达到achievement n.(成就；成绩)achievable adj.(可完成的；可达到的)achieve ones end 达到目的 achieve nothing 一事无成2.She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education.(P1)【词语拓展】condition n.(条件，情况，状况) conditional adj.(有条件的；视而定的)on condition that.条件是如果 in (out of) condition 状况好(不好) make it a condition that.以为条件 under condition of 在情况下3.She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.(P1)【词语拓展】devote vt.奉献；贡献 devotion n.奉献；贡献 devotional adj.奉献的；虔诚的devote.to.致力于，献身于(to为介词)4. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.(P2)【词语拓展】behave v.表现；举止；行为behaviour n.行为；举止；态度behave well守规矩 behave oneself 举止得体well-behaved 表现良好的 badly-behaved 表现差的5.However,the evening makes it all worthwhile.(P2)worthwhile adj.值得的，重要的Its worthwhile taking the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees.【词语辨析】worth；worthy这两个词都有“值得”的意思，但worth只能作表语，后接名词或动名词。 “be worth n.”这个结构中，名词一般是表示金额或者是effort，expense等词。be worth doing 结构中，doing是动名词主动形式表被动，不可换成不定式。worth 可用well来修饰，表示“很”“非常”的意思，但不可用very修饰。worthy 可作表语也可作定语。作定语时，意为“值得尊敬的”。worthy常构成的结构是：be worthy of+n.be worthy of being donebe worthy to be done 6.She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.(P2)她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活而不能用于娱乐或广告。【词语拓展】argue v.争论；争辩argument n.(争论；争辩)argue for 为而争论argue against 争辩(反对)argue with sb.同某人争论argue about/over sth.争论某事argue o doing sth.说服某人做某事argue sb.out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事Step4.Summing &chewing, summarizing knowledge（总结反刍 ，知识梳理）【近义词辨析】 1.argue 和 quarrel 【课本原句】She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.(P2)她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活而不能用于娱乐或广告。argue v“争论；争辩 ，吵嘴”，与quarrel是同义词。【观察例句】Nobody could quarrel with your conclusions.你的结论无可辩驳。 The man quarrelled with his wife about children.那个男人与妻子因孩子而吵架。They argued the plan for a long time.他们就该计划辩论了很长时间。Were always aruging with each other about money.我们总是为钱吵嘴。He was too tired to argue the point.他太累了，不想讨论这个问题。【即学即用】请用argue 和 quarrel分别完成下列各句：1他和玛丽争论度假的最好地方。 He _ with Mary over the best place for a holiday. 2他们就这笔钱怎样花而争论不休。 They were _ about how to spend the money. 3. 我们不要为那件麻烦事吵架了，以便我们能静下心来仔细考虑吧！We dont _with each other over the matter so that we can think it over quietly.请根据下列每小题后的提示选择出正确答案：【词语辨析题探究】请根据下列每小题后的提示选择出正确答案：Warming-up and reading（ ）1.At last the government put the criminal_by hanging them. A. to die B. to death C. to be dying D. into death 【温馨提示】putto 使（某人）在（某地或某种状况中死亡）。（ ）2. The womans son, to whom she was so _, went abroad five years ago. A. loved B. cared C. devoted D. affected【温馨提示】devote vt 献身，致力于。表示把自己、时间、精力奉献给某种工作、事业等。 devote ones abilities to 把自己的才干用在上；devote ones attention to 专注于.； devote oneself to献身于；devote ones knowledge to 把自己的知识用于。be devoted to 专心于, 热心于, 忠于。（ ）3.When she finished working, she concerned herself_looking after the old people in her area. A.in B. with C. at D. on 【温馨提示】concern oneself with 关心，挂念 ；be concerned about/for 对关心，对.担心 。（ ）4. The matter was_with his father.A. contented B. compeleted C.connected D. confirmed 【温馨提示】be connected with 与有关系 。（ ）5. A little of forts(炮台)was built along the border to protect the country _attack. A.against B. by C. off D. on 【温馨提示】protect A against B。（ ）6. He worked carefully to make_mistakes _in order to get the test passed. A. as many; as possible B. as much; as possible C. many more;/ D. as few; as possible 【温馨提示】asas possible=as.as sb could。（ ）7.Young people are not _to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in.A. conservative B. content C. confident D. generous 【温馨提示】content adj 满足，满意 ;be content with sb/sth 对某人/某物满意 ；be content to do sth 对做感到满意；愿意做某事。conservative保守的,守旧的；confident 自信的；generous慷慨的，大方的。（ ）8. Tom,_yourself. Did you forget the school rules?A. behave B. believe C. perform D. conduct 【温馨提示】behave vi vt 行为，举止，举止适当或有礼，behave oneself 规矩点。（ ）9. In some parts of London, missing a bus means_for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 【温馨提示】 mean doing sth ; mean to do sth。 （ ）10.The problem he put forth at the meeting was_. Which one of the following is WRONG? A. worth thinking over B. worthy to consider C.worthy of being thought over D.worthy of consideration【温馨提示】be worth doing sth值得一做 ;be worth(ones) while doing/ to do sth 值得做;be worthy of being done/to be done 值得被做be worthy of sth 值得，配。（ ）11. We can communicate _people in every part of the world _the Internet.A. with;with B. with; through C. through; through D. through; with 【温馨提示】communicate with与.通讯；交流。（ ）12.She has _the stars all her life, which she is proud of. A. noticed B. observed C. discovered D. seen 【温馨提示】observe vt 注意到，观察到； 遵守，奉行（法律，协议或习俗）;observe sb do sthobserve sb doing sth B。（ ）13. Mike often argues _his friend _small things angrily, which sometimes makes his friend very unhappy.A.with; for B.with; about C.to; for D. to; about【温馨提示】argue about 就进行辩论 ；argue for 为而辩护；赞成 ；argue with/against sb about/on sth与某人辩论某事 ；argue against 反对. ；argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事。（ ）14. What you have done