高三定语从句

,定语从句,定语从句考点,1.关系代词thatwhich;whose;whichas的用法比较；2.关系代词和关系副词的用法比较；3.介词加关系代词引导的定语从句；4.定语从句与并列句的区别。,一、关系代词的用法比较,问题1：1.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it,2.Luckily,wedbroughtaroadmapwithout_wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which,当先行词为物时，关系代词可以用that也可用which，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which，不能用that。,但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：,当先行词是all,alot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等词时。如：,Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.,InthisfactoryIsawlittle/muchthatwas,differentfromours.,当先行词被all,any,no,much,little,few,every,theonly,thevery,thenext等限定词所修饰时。如：,Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.,当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。,Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.,WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirst,thatcomestomindistheWestLake.,当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高,级所修饰。,Isthatthebestthatyoucando?,Thatsthemostexpensivehotelthatweve,everstayedin.,当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时,TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildrensPalace.,Shedescribedinhercompositionsthe,peopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.,当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问,句时。,Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?,问题2：1.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what,2.GeorgeOrwell,_wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname,whose的先行词可以是人,也可以是具体事物,或抽象概念,这时可以与ofwhichthe互换。,问题3：1._isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As,(1)as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。,(2)as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的,东西，因此常译成“就象那样、,正如所的”。,(3)如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极,作用，则用which，而不用as。,2.Hehasbeenhelpingapoorstudent,inaremoteschoolalltheseyears,_noneofusknew.,A.AsB.that,C.whomD.which,问题4：Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich,theway作先行词，其中的关系词有三种不同,的表达方式。1)theway+that;,2)theway后省略关系词;,3)theway+inwhich。,二、关系代词和关系副词的比较,问题1：1.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_,wevisitedthreemonthsago?,A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what,2.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers_,shehadwipedherhands.,A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that,当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的,place,house等时，如果从句缺少主要成分，关,系词应该用which或that,如果不缺主要成分,(主语，宾语，表语)应该用when或where。,使用关系副词应注意下列几点：,1.关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的,介词+which结构：,when=on(in,at,during)+which,where=in(at,on)+which,why=forwhich,IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=on,which)hearrived.,Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksis,onthethirdfloor.,2.当先行词是表时间和表地点的词时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语、宾语、表语时，关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：,Illneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometown,wasliberated.,Illneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespent,togetherlastsummer.,Hisfatherworksinafactorywhereradioparts,aremade.,Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakes,radioparts.,三、介词加关系代词引导定语从句,问题1：1.Theplace_thebridgeis,supposedtobebuiltshouldbe_,thecross-rivertrafficisthe,heaviest.,A.which;where,B.atwhich;which,C.atwhich;where,D.which;inwhich,关系代词作介词宾语，当介词前置时，只能用,whom指人，which指物；但如果介词后,置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，,特别是在口语中。,Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewas,talking?,Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewas,talkingto?,Thepencil(which/that)hewaswriting,withsuddenlybroke.,2.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,_hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis,要确认关系代词前用什么介词，需根据从句,中的动词与先行词的关系来确定。所以解题,时需分析从句与主句之间的关系。,巩固练习：,1.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom2.TheEnglishplay_mystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich,四、非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别,问题1：,Therearetwobuildings,_standsnearlya,hundredfeethigh.,A.thelargerB.thelargerofthem,C.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich,要区别是并列句还是非限制性定语从句，关键是看,两个句子之间是否有连词，若有表示并列关系的连,词或分号破折号，那就是并列句；如果两句之间没,有这些连接符号，那就是非限制性定语从句，此时,就需考虑使用适当的关系代词或关系副词了,1.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear;80%_,巩固练习：,aresoldabroad.,A.ofwhichB.whichof,C.ofthemD.ofthat,2.Ihavemanyfriends,_someare,businessmen.,A.ofthemB.fromwhich,C.whoofD.ofwhom,五、thesameas/suchas,的使用问题,当先行词被thesame所修饰时，关系词表示,同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。,ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIused,yesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器,ThisisthesameinstrumentasIused,yesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。,在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对,区别的，所以两个词可换用：,Ihavethesameopinionas/thatyouhave.,六、当先行词前有such,so,as时，关系词应当用as。,HespokeinsucheasyEnglishas,everybodycouldunderstand.,Atthistimeoftheday,allbusesand,trolleyshavetocarryasmanypasseng