江苏省南通市2020学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）

江苏省南通市2020学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What kind of pie does the woman like better？A. The apple pieB. The cherry pie.C. The lemon cream pie.2. What TV show does the man want to watch?A. Game of Thrones.B. Here and Now.C. House of Cards.3. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Swim in the ocean.B. Enjoy the sunshine.C. Play with Mary on the beach.4. When will the speakers meet for dinner？A. On Monday.B. On Friday.C. On Saturday.5. How will the man travel tomorrow？A. By train.B. By car.C. By airplane.第二节（共15题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What are the speakers mainly talking about？A. What snacks they like to have.B. What snacks the woman should bring.C. What snacks the man thinks are healthy.7. What will the speakers have during the games next week？A. Orange juice.B. Popcorn.C. Cola.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. Which city will the bus go finally？A. To Rome.B. To Geneva.C. To Paris.9. Which seat will the man sit on the bus?A. Seat 4. B. Seat 6. C. Seat 8.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. Where will the man go first this afternoon？A. To the market.B. To the post office.C To the repair shop.11. What will the man do tomorrow night？A. Visit his grandparents.B. Have dinner with his mother.C. Throw a party for the kids.12. What will the speakers have for dinner tonight？A. Roast chicken.B. Sandwiches.C. Pizza.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A. Good friends.B. Boss and employee.C. Waiter and customer.14. What was the weather like yesterday？A. Rainy. B. Snowy. C. Sunny.15. What will the man do first？A. Organize the shelves.B. Turn on the light.C. Wash the windows.16. What is the womans attitude toward the man？A. Friendly.B. Angry.C. Cruel.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. How many boats run from Athens to Samos every week in summer？A. One. B. Two. C. Three.18. When does it rain a lot in Samos?A. In April.B. In August.C. In November.19. What activity is perfect for travelers in the south of Samos?A. Climbing mountains.B. Relaxing on the beach.C. Visiting the villages.20. Where can visitors have parties according to the speaker?A In the north of Samos.B. In the west of Samos.C. In the east of Samos.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATate Modern，London，UKTogether with three other Tate museums. Tate Modern located in London is a national museum of international音 modern art. It is one of the largest museums of modern and contemporary art in the world. Most of the exhibit items are open to the public for free，only charging for major temporary（临时的）exhibitions.The Musee du Louvre，Paris，FranceIt is the worlds largest and most visited art museum and a historical land mark of Paris. Housed in the Louvre Palace，the museum has been added to many times since its opening in 1793. Its glass pyramid in the main courtyard was designed by Chinese American architect Ieoh Ming Pei，and it later became a signature design of the museum. appearing in the hit thriller The Da Vinci Code starring Tom Hanks and Audrey Tautou.National Museum of China, Beijing, ChinaNear Tiananmen Square in Beijing, its one of the largest museums in the world and the second-most visited art museum in the world, just after the Musee du Louvre.Covering a time span from the Yuanmou Man of 1.7 million years ago to the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the museum houses around 1. 05 million items-and many cannot be found in museums elsewhere.State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, RussiaThe State Hermitage Museum is the second-largest art museum in the world. The public can visit five of the main buildings: the Winter Palace, Small Hermitage, Old Hermitage, New Hermitage and Hermitage Theatre.Frequently seen in pop culture. it often appears as a setting for films. TV series, novels and even video games.1. Tate Modem, London, UK is attractive partly in that.A. it is a national museum with three branchesB. entry to most of its exhibitions is free of chargeC. its exhibitions range from ancient art to modern artD. visitors can purchase some wonderful exhibit items2. What do we know about The Musee du Louvre?A. It often serves as a setting for films.B. It slays the same as it was when first built.C. It is the most visited art museum in the world.D. It was designed by a Chinese American architect.3. Which museum displays unique items from the Yuanmou Man?A. Tate Modern. London, UK.B. The Musee du Louvre, Paris, France.C. National Museum of China, Beijing. China.D. State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, Russia.【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C【解析】这是一篇应用文。分别介绍了四个博物馆的具体情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Most of the exhibit items are open to the public for free，only charging for major temporary exhibitions.（大部分展品都是免费向公众开放的，只对大型临时展览收费。）可知英国伦敦Tate Modem美术馆之所以吸引人，部分原因在于它的大部分展览都是免费的。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句It is the worlds largest and most visited art museum and a historical land mark of Paris.（它是世界上最大、参观人数最多的艺术博物馆，也是巴黎的历史地标。）可知The Musee du Louvre是世界上参观人数最多的艺术博物馆。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第三部分中Covering a time span from the Yuanmou Man of 1.7 million years ago to the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the museum houses around 1.05 million items-and many cannot be found in museums elsewhere.（从170万年前的元牟人到清朝(1644-1911)，故宫博物院收藏了105万件文物，其中许多在其他地方的博物馆都找不到。）可知National Museum of China, Beijing. China. 展出元谋人的独特物品。故选C。BGrandparents are respected in many human societies. But telling stories about old times and overfeeding grandchildren seem like human qualities. Are these classic grandparent behaviors really limited to humans？Do any animals know their grandparents the way people do?For most species on Earth，the answer is certainly “No”. Usually，there arent grandparents around anymore when an animal is born，said Mirkka Lahdenpera，a biologist at the University of Turku in Finland. Even if an animals life span does overlap（重叠）with its grandparents，most species spread out to avoid competing for resources，so the chance of running into a grandparent is slim. But there are a few clear exceptions，primarily among mammals（哺乳动物）that live in close social groups. In troops of langur monkeys in India，older females lived together with their daughters and grandchildren. The grandmother langurs defend the groups babies against attacks and even give their own grandchildren special treatment.Many whale species，too，travel in family groups that include both grandmothers and grandchildren.Elephant herds are also famously matriarchal. They are led by a grandmother，who can live to around 80 years old，and are generally made up of her daughters and their young. The females in a herd form close bonds and work together to raise their young.Lahdenper found that the babies of young mothers were eight times more likely to survive if their grandmothers lived near them than if they didnt. When the young mothers were older and more experienced at raising babies，this beneficial grandmother effect disappeared even if the actual grandmothers were still around.Indeed，most evidence for the benefits of grand parenting comes from mammals. But in 2020，researchers found that in troops of insects called gall-forming aphids，older females defend their relatives after theyve stopped reproducing（繁殖）.And what about grandfathers？Studies of humans in recent decades have shown that a living grandfather can improve a persons mental health and other indicators of well-being. But theres no evidence of that in the animal kingdom. Male animals rarely socialize with their own children，let alone any grandchildren.4. From what Mirkka Lahdenpera said, we can learn that_.A. an animal is not very likely to meet a grandparentB. an animal is taken away from its grandparents at birthC. animals grandparents move away to avoid responsibilityD. animals grandparents often fail in competition for resources5. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 indicates that._.A. elephants have a high level of intelligenceB. elephants enjoy an equal and fair social systemC. elephants are the largest land animals with a long lifeD. elephants live in social groups with females in charge6. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Insects still able to reproduce will defend their relatives.B. Animals beneficial grandmother effect will exist forever.C. Animals can be mentally healthier with their grandfathers.D. Male animals seldom spend time with their grandchildren.7. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do any animals know their grandparents?B. Do any animals respect their grandparents?C. How do animals live with their grandparents?D. How do animals socialize with their grandparents?【答案】4. A 5. D 6. D 7. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。对于地球上的大多数物种来说，动物并不像人类一样了解它们的祖父母。而大多数证据表明，父母教养子女的益处来自哺乳动物。而在动物界雄性动物很少与自己的孩子交往，更不用说孙辈了。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中most species spread out to avoid competing for resources, so the chance of running into a grandparent is slim. （大多数物种分散开来是为了避免争夺资源，所以与祖父母相遇的几率很小。）可知根据Mirkka Lahdenpera所说的话，我们可以知道动物不太可能遇到祖父母。故选A。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据下文They are led by a grandmother, who can live to around 80 years old, and are generally made up of her daughters and their young.（他们由一位能活到80岁左右的祖母带领，通常由她的女儿和她们的孩子组成。）可知大象生活在一个由雌性负责的社会群体中。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句Male animals rarely socialize with their own children, let alone any grandchildren.（雄性动物很少与自己的孩子交往，更不用说孙辈了。）可知雄性动物很少花时间和他们的孙子孙女在一起。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段Do any animals know their grandparents the way people do?（有动物像人类一样了解它们的祖父母吗?）以及文章主要内容为讨论动物界父母、孩子和祖辈的关系可知A选项最符合文章标题。故选A。CRecognized as the goddess scientist，Ning Yan（or Nieng Yan），42，is a leading biology researcher at Princeton University in the US. On April 30，she was included among 100new members and 25 foreign associates into The National Academy of Sciences，a famous scientific institution that aims to recognize outstanding research in the US.Yan is a rising star in the science world and her resume（履历）is impressive. After graduating from Tsinghua University and Princeton，she was invited to set up her own laboratory at Tsinghua in 2020. At age 30，she became one of Chinas youngest-ever female professors.It was a long road to get where she is now. She told People magazine that she always believes that scientists need to have a pure mind and determination.Yan likes to work at night，because she can focus when the outside is quiet. She also works at least 14 hours a day，but shes energetic，because research is the most comfortable” job for her，according to an interview with People magazine.This devotion to her work probably helped Yan in her research to identify the structures of proteins in cells plasma membranes，which puzzled scientists for half a century. Her achievements got her listed among the journal Natures Science Stars of China in 2020.Yan also enjoys TV dramas and classic novels. Surprisingly，the novel Journey to the West inspired her to become a structural biologist. In the book，the Monkey King turns into other animals. She wondered what it would be like to change herself. Luckily. Yan now lives in that world every day，exploring how proteins work at the level of atoms. “It was almost destined（命中注定的）that I would become a structural biologist，she said in an interview with Nature.As she realizes her own dreams，Yan tries to encourage more women to follow careers（职业）in science. In her eyes，there is no difference between men and women in the scientific fields.“Women can work as excellently as men and live the way they choose to，she said in a public interview.8. What made Ning Yan become a member of the National Academy of Sciences？A. Her social background.B. Her impressive wisdom.C. Her first-class education.D. Her outstanding research.9. Which of the following played a role in Yan becoming a structural biologist？A. People magazine.B. Journey to the West.C. The journal Nature.D. Science Stars of China.10. Ning Yan would probably agree that_A. scientists can win success by working at nightB. women can match men in scientific achievementsC. more women should be allowed to take up scienceD. scientists should enjoy TV dramas and classic novels11. What can we learn from Ning Yans story?A. It is never too late to learn.B. Many hands make light work.C. Actions speak louder than words.D. Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.【答案】8. D 9. B 10. B 11. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了被公认为“女神科学家”宁颜(或Nieng Yan), 在4月30日,被列入100年新成员和25个外国同事进入美国国家科学院,一个著名的科研机构,旨在表彰在美国有杰出研究成果的人员。8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中On April 30, she was included among 100new members and 25 foreign associates into The National Academy of Sciences, a famous scientific institution that aims to recognize outstanding research in the US.（4月30日，她成为美国国家科学院的100名新成员和25名外国同事之一。美国国家科学院是一家旨在表彰美国杰出研究成果的著名科学机构。）可知是Ning Yan杰出的研究成果让她成为了美国国家科学院的一员。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第二句Surprisingly, the novel Journey to the West inspired her to become a structural biologist.（严还喜欢电视剧和经典小说。令人惊讶的是，小说西游记激励她成为一名结构生物学家。）可知是西游记激励她成为一名结构生物学家。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句In her eyes, there is no difference between men and women in the scientific fields.（在她看来，在科学领域，男人和女人没有什么区别。）可知Ning Yan可能会同意，女性在科学成就上可以与男性匹敌。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中She told People magazine that she always believes that scientists need to have a pure mind and determination.（她在接受人物杂志采访时表示，她一直认为科学家需要有一个纯洁的头脑和决心。）可推知我们从Ning Yan的故事中能了解到世上无难事，只怕有心人。故选D。【点睛】细节理解题解题方法细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。经常有新技术对将来人们工作和生活不良影响的预测，但事实证明结果并不是那样，我们有必要否定预测，以减少人们的恐惧。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如第一小题，根据第一段中On April 30, she was included among 100new members and 25 foreign associates into The National Academy of Sciences, a famous scientific institution that aims to recognize outstanding research in the US.（4月30日，她成为美国国家科学院的100名新成员和25名外国同事之一。美国国家科学院是一家旨在表彰美国杰出研究成果的著名科学机构。）可知是Ning Yan杰出的研究成果让她成为了美国国家科学院的一员。故选D。DSan Francisco has decided that its city government workers cant use computer programs that recognize faces. It is the first US city to take such a strong step to keep this technology under control.When a computer system identifies a person from their face in a picture，its called “facial recognition. Many police departments use facial recognition. It can be helpful when police just have a picture of a suspect（嫌疑犯）. but no other information. Normally，even with facial recognition，police must have other proof showing that a person is guilty.But many people say facial recognition programs arent good enough yet. The programs can usually recognize white men. But theyre not so good at identifying women and people with darker skin. They worry that false matches-when the computer thinks it has identified a person，but its wrong-will make innocent people look like criminals.For companies like Amazon and Microsoft，facial recognition is a big business. Amazon has worked hard to sell their facial recognition program to police departments around the US. Microsoft sells tools that allow prisons to watch people inside.To work well，facial recognition programs must have a great number of pictures of people. But most people whose pictures are in the systems never gave permission（许可）for their pictures to be used.Many people worry that using computers to identify or track people will decrease freedom. Now，in many places，facial recognition is used to keep people under control and much of public life is watched on security cameras. Similarly，many cities in America and Europe are also almost completely covered by security cameras. Police officers now often wear cameras on their bodies，recording all the time. Its usually not clear when governments are using facial recognition and how they are using it.Facial recognition is already being used at airports throughout Europe and in the US. The Department of Homeland Security expects to have pictures of 97%of the people flying out of the country in the next four years.As these powerful computer programs become more common, San Franciscos move to control facial recognition is an unusual and strong move to limit the way governments use computers to watch and control people.12. Why do people worry about facial recognition programs?A. They cannot multiply peoples responsibility.B. They cannot help police identify good people.C. They will mistake innocent people for bad people.D. They will identify black people instead of white people.13. How can facial recognition programs function effectively?A. Companies should work with each other.B. People should have more pictures taken.C. They should include as many pictures as possible.D. Police departments and prisons should be under control.14. What makes people feel their freedom is on the decrease?A. There are police everywhere.B. A lot of security cameras are used.C. More people are forced to stay at home.D. Governments focus more on facial recognition.15. Whats San Franciscos attitude towards government workers using facial recognition?A. Disapproving.B. Supportive.C. Doubtful.D. Optimistic.【答案】12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。当计算机系统根据照片中的人脸来识别一个人时，它被称为“面部识别”。许多警察部门使用面部识别技术。而旧金山决定市政府工作人员不能使用识别人脸的电脑程序，旨在限制政府使用计算机监视和控制人们的方式。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句They worry that false matches-when the co