高一英语第一册 Unit 12 Art and literature人教版知识精讲

高一英语第一册 Unit 12 Art and literature人教版【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容Unit 12 Art and literature（一）重点单词（二）重点短语（三）重点句式二、知识精讲（一）重点单词1. power: n. uIt is not within my power to help you.我没有能力帮助你。（做事或行动的能力）This animal has the power of changing its colour.这种动物能变更自体的颜色。The power of the governments has increased greatly over the past century.最近一个世纪以来，各国政府的权力大大加强。（权力，权）A new power station has been built here.这新建了一座发电站。（动力，机力，电力）the power of a blow: 一击之力（力量，力气strength / force）即学即用：Id like to ask you to put an end to the quarrel. I know you have the .A. energyB. forceC. strengthD. power复数形式：powers，还可表示“体力，智力，精力”。His powers are failing.他的体力在衰退中。He is a man of great intellectual powers.他是一位大智者。2. treat: vt. “对待，治疗，款待” He treats his wife badly.他对待他太太不好。 She treats me as her closest friend.她把我看作她最亲密的朋友。 Which doctors are treating her for her illness?哪几位医生在为她诊治？ She treated the children (to ice-creams).她请孩子们（吃冰淇淋）。I shall treat myself to a good weekend holiday.我要好好地度个周末。“treat”还可作名词：This is to be my treat.这次我请客。Her sons visit was a great treat for her.她儿子来看望她，她心里喜滋滋的。表示（没料到的）欢喜，（难得有的）乐事；是可数名词Its a great treat for him to go to Canada.去加拿大对他来说是一大乐事。即学即用： Ill （请你客）lunch. I decided to treat his remarks a joke.A. forB. asC. toD. with3. habit: n. 习惯，习性常构成短语： fall / get into bad habits: 养成坏习惯 get sb. into the habit of /bad habits使某人养成的习惯/坏习惯例：He has fallen into the habit of smoking, and its hard to give it up.他已经养成吸烟的习惯，很难戒除。Children should be taught to form a good habit in their childhood.应该教育儿童在少年时代养成好的习惯。Dont let him get you into the habit of taking drugs.不要让他使你养成吸毒的习惯。4. whisper: vt. & vi. 低语，耳语，私语常构成搭配 “whisper (sth.) to sb.” 低声对某人说或 “Its whispered that” 私下说I whispered to Tom what was in my mind.我小声跟汤姆说了我的想法。Its whispered that Mr. Smiths business is failing.据传言，史密斯先生的生意正在衰败。还可用作名词：意思是“耳语，私语”，常构成短语 “in a whisper或in whispers”。例： He told the children a story in a whisper.他小声给孩子讲了个故事。 They sat at the back of the room, talking in whispers.他们坐在房间的后面，低声耳语。（二）重点短语1. a series of : 表示“一系列的，连贯的东西/事件等”，其中需注意 “series”是一个单复数同形的词。例：a series of pictures: 连环画a series of stamps: 一套邮票a series of TV plays: 电视连续剧a series of good harvests: 连年的丰收2. come across: 意为“（偶然）发现，遇见”I came across him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上碰见了他。I came across his name on the list.我无意中在名单上发现了他的名字。还可以表示“（主意，想法等）出现在中”。The thought came across my mind that I had to see her.我忽然想到我得去看看她。3. believe in You can believe in him; hell never let you down.（信任，信赖）你可以信任他，他决不会让你失望的。 He believes in God. （相信的存在）他信奉上帝。 I believe in getting plenty of exercise.（相信的价值，相信有作用，有好处）我相信充分的运动必有益处。区别：believebelieve sb.：表示“相信某人说的话”，相当于believe what sb. saidI know he is an honest man. That is why I believe in him all the time. But I dont believe what he told me just now.(That means “I dont believe him this time.”)和 “believe”有关的其它常用短语： Believe it or not. 信不信由你。 believe sb. to be : 认为某人是即学即用：Youve got to （相信自己）, or youll never succeed.4. turn around: （同turn round）意为“（使）转向另一方向”或“转过身”When the teacher turned around, they began to whisper.老师一转过身去，他们就开始窃窃私语。Turn your chair round to the front.把你的椅子转向前面。其他由turn构成的词组：turn on: 打开；turn off: 关上；turn up: 出现，到达，把音量开大；turn down: 拒绝；把调小/调低turn in: 上交（同：hand in）本单元其他的重要短语：in trouble: 处于困境中，有麻烦find out: 发现，找出look like: 看起来像learn about: 了解fight against: 为反对而战斗grow up: 长大succeed in doing sth.: 成功地做某事take away: 带走（三）重点句式1. Harry learns more than magic at Hogwarts.He makes new friends and learns how important and difficult it is to be a good friend.哈利在霍格沃茨学到的，不仅仅是魔法，他结交了新朋友，懂得了做好朋友的重要性和艰难。分析：本句中谓语动词learns后面跟了一个宾语从句。从句中使用了it做形式主语，不定式短语为真正的短语这种结构，并且使用了感叹句式。2. Together with his friends, Harry learns that it is not always easy to do what is right.他和朋友们一起，发现正确的事情并不总是容易做到的。分析：本句话中，需注意两点：短语together with表示“和在一起”，后面的宾语his friends不能看作是句子的主语，整个短语在句中做的是状语。如：Harry, together with his friends, learns that learns后面加了由that引导的宾语从句，从句中that不做成分，可省。做真正主语的不定式短语 “to do what is right”中，又有一个由what引导的宾语从句，其中what在从句中充当主语，不可省去。3. If only they could find a way to get to the room, or whatever it was, behind the wall.要是他们能找到一条通道进入墙后的那个房间，或无论什么地方，该有多好！if only表示“但愿，要是就好了”，从句中使用虚拟语气。即： 谓语动词用一般过去时表示对现在情况的虚拟。If only my mother were here.真希望我妈妈在这里。 谓语动词使用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。含有后悔，惋惜之意。If only I had followed your advice.我当初要是听了你的建议就好了。 表达将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词用“would /could +动词原形”。If only he wouldnt eat so noisily.他吃东西时不这么大声就好了。回忆： would rather +句子（虚拟） wish +句子（虚拟） Its time that从句（虚拟）4. He was just about to say something when Peter turned around.他正想说什么，这时彼特转过身来。be about to do when 表示“正要做某事，这时”be about to do sth. : 意思是“马上要做某事”例： The film is about to start. Dont leave now.电影快开始了，不要走开。但此短语不能与具体的时间状语连用，如： The film is about to start at 7:30. （）拓展：whenI was walking along the river when I heard a boy crying for help.我正沿河边走，突然听到一个儿童的求救声。I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang, announcing the class was over.我刚写完试卷，这时候铃声响了，宣布了下课。【典型例题】1. Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places.A. the, theB. /, / C. the, /D. /, the2. Id like to see the movie very much, but I have no money on me.Thats OK. This is my .A. offerB. treatC. turnD. service3. Mum to us, “Be quiet! Your little sister is sleeping.”A. whisperedB. shoutedC. explainedD. replied4. Jane together with five boys the cinema.A. were gone toB. has gone toC. are gone toD. have gone to5. E-mail, as well as telephones, an important part in daily communication.A. is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play6. Ive waited here for about half an hour. I myself could drive a car!A. Only ifB. If onlyC. IfD. What if7. We were swimming in the lake suddenly the storm started.A. whenB. whileC. untilD. before8. Do you think we can get there on time?Yes, the car doesnt break down.A. if onlyB. even ifC. in caseD. so long as9. I have no idea how it that the man met with trouble again.A. came aboutB. came outC. came up withD. came across10. We should help her when she is .A. in troubleB. in a troubleC. in the troubleD. in troubles答案：15: CBABA 610: BADAAUnit 13预习导学一、重点单词、短语预习1. 单词fever n. 发烧；狂热ripe adj. 熟的；成熟的ought v. aux. 应当；应该examine vt. 检查plenty n. 充足；大量；富裕energy n. 精力；能量fuel n. 燃料；营养物diet n. 日常饮食pace n. （一）步；速度；步调product n. 产品；产物function vi. 起作用；运转 n. 功能；作用balance vt. vi. n. 平衡fit adj. 健康的；适合的unit n. 单位；单元digest vt. 消化（食物）；领会gain vt. 增加；获得brain n. 脑；头脑boil vt. vi. 煮沸mixture n. 混合；混合物2. 短语all the time 一直have a fever 发烧ought to 应当；应该be careful with 小心；谨慎；警惕；当心a bit / a bit of 一点in the future 将来plenty of 许多；大量的keep up with 跟上；赶上make a choice 做出选择base on 以为基础；以为根据be harmful to 对有害go for 应用于；适用于lose weight 减肥go on a diet 以节食的方式减肥make sure 确定；确信even if 即使now and then 时而，不时，偶尔二、重点句式预习1. Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life, and the fuel we need for our bodies is also different.我们的饮食习惯变了，生活方式变了，我们身体所需的养分也不同了。（as 引导的倒装句）2. Because we have so much to choose from, many companies and stores offer advice about what we should eat.因为我们有这么多可供选择的，所以许多工厂和商店向我们提出了应该吃什么的建议。（动词不定式to choose from作定语限定so much, much是choose from的逻辑宾语）3. The same goes for “crash diets” that some companies say will make us lose weight fast.有些公司建议我们用来快速减肥的“速成食疗”也是如此。（some companies say在句中做插入语）4. Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.只有这样我们才能保证自己对生活中的挑战和机遇有充分准备。（Only+状语，位于句首，句子要用倒装）5. The best way to make sure that we will feel and look fine is to develop healthy eating habits. All we have to do is clean or peel them.（不定式做表语）【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）. 单项选择题1. I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please ?A. turn it roundB. turn it downC. turn it upD. turn it off2. Look! The two dogs are a bone.A. fighting againstB. fighting withC. fighting inD. fighting for3. Its foolish of you to such a person.I think he God, so I trust him.A. believe, believes inB. believe in, believes inC. believe in, believesD. believe, believes4. What a tiring week! I wish I could afford to do something special.If you dont mind, Id like to you to a vacation in the country.A. treatB. serveC. giveD. spend5. He was about to tell me the secret someone patted him on the shoulder.A. asB. thatC. whenD. while6. After unsuccessful attempts, he has at last passed his driving test.A. a serie ofB. series ofC. a series ofD. a series7. If only I a doctor. If so, I would be able to save the patient.A. beingB. wereC. be D. should be8. Much attention should be paid peoples living conditions.A. in improving B. to improveC. improvingD. to improving9. When I came this piece of information in a newspaper, I was greatly surprised.A. outB. acrossC. upD. around10. As your friend, Ill do help you.Thats really kind of you.A. that I can doB. all that I canC. what I can toD. what I can do. 完形填空Miss Wenter was watching TV when the program suddenly stopped. “Sorry to 11 the program. Now we are requested to 12 an important notice from the police station. At about nine this evening, a lady named Mrs. Humney was 13 and killed. Anyone who can supply any clues is requested to report to the 14 . Thank you.” The terrible news made the lonely girl 15 with fear. She couldnt help looking around, but she didnt notice that a man was already 16 behind the door to the veranda (阳台).All of a 17 the man appeared before Miss Wenter. The girl really didnt know what to do. “Dont ask for 18 , just put your jewellery on the table; then think over whether I shall be safe to stay here for the night,” said the robber. That made Miss Wenter even more 19 , but she tried to 20 herself.Just then came the whistle of a police car, in a little while, someone rang the 21 . The robber said with a gun 32 the girls back. “Go to the door and say that youve gone to bed. Never let him in.”In a flash, the girl had an idea. “Oh, who are you?” she said.“Im Sergeant Bull, Miss Wenter. Is there something 23 here?”“No, there isnt.” Immediately she added loudly, “ 24 , my elder brother extends his 25 greetings(问候) to you.”“Thank you. Good night,” Bull replied in the same 26 .A few minutes later, the sound of the police car going 27 could be heard. “Its well 28 ,” the robber said with a smile. Then he 29 to the girl. Almost at the same time the glass on the window was broken. The policemen hurried into the room from the veranda. They quickly put handcuffs (手铐) on the robber.“Miss Wenter, your greetings were so good that it made us take 30 right away,” said Sergeant Bull, “because weve already known that your elder brother was killed in a robbery half a year ago.”11. A. stop B. share C. interrupt D. control12. A. obey B. make C. introduce D. broadcast13. A. robbed B. hurt C. wounded D. stolen14. A. public B: police C. hospital D. family15. A. cry B. excited C. fall D. tremble16. A. hidden B. sitting C. away D. remained17. A. while B. time C. period D. sudden18. A. anything B. trouble C. another D. police19. A. careful B. happy C. strange D. terrified20. A. protect B. help C. calm D. express21. A. call B. phone C. window D. doorbell22. A. at B. against C. behind D. beyond23. A. new B. important C. unusual D. upset24. A. Instead B. However C. Otherwise D. Besides25. A. hearty B. deeply C. own D. real26. A. sound B. manner C. speech D. voice27. A. out B. on C. along D. away28. A. enough B. now C. done D. said29. A. referred B. listened C. talked D. rushed30. A. him B. action C. photos D. something. 阅读理解AMaria MontessoriThe child of today owes much of its pleasant school life to the work of Maria Montessori and others who felt as she did.Maria Montessori was born in 1870 in northern Italy. Both her parents were well educated.While Maria was a student, she took great interest in the study of the particular nature of the childs mind. It came to her that small children should have freedom to learn.Maria became a doctor and a professor at Rome University. In 1907, after working with the backward students, she was given a chance to try out her ideas on children. There were six children, aged three to six, in the Childrens House. The rooms were bright and colorful. Maria let the children make their own choice of what they wanted to do and work at their own speed. They became busy, peaceful and happy.Maria Montessori was one of the worlds great teachers. She traveled in Europe, America and Far East. She thought that true education, providing for the real needs of the child, would produce wise and happy grown-ups and therefore a peaceful world. Her original way of education has changed our whole idea of what childhood is.Maria Montessori died in Holland at the age of eighty-two.31. The short passage is mainly about .A. the life of Maria MontessoriB. a new idea of educationC. the importance of proper(恰当的) educationD. the education of backward students32. Maria traveled a lot in the world to .A. teach the backward studentB. spread(传播) her ideas of teachingC. study the situation of educationD. enjoy herself in the real nature33. In what way did Maria teach the children in the Childrens House?A. She taught them by showing them how to do things.B. She taught them the best way of learning well.C. She let them learn in a very pleasant way.D. She just let them choose the most interesting subjects.34. Which of the following best explains why Maria was one of the worlds greatest teachers?A. She taught backward students in many different countries and let them learn freely.B. She showed great love for the children and trained them in a new way.C. She created a new way in teaching, which changed the old ideas of childrens education.D. She taught the backward students very successfully and produced a peaceful world.BCrows eat many different kinds of foods. They like many kinds of seeds, grasses and fruits. Crows eat insects such as beetles. A crow will eat smaller birds and their eggs. Crows who live near the shore often eat shellfish.Most crows live in the wild, but sometimes a crow is kept for a pet. One family in Africa had two pets, a crow and a puppy. One day the puppy vanished. Its owner looked for it but couldnt find it anywhere. They feared that their dog was lost forever in the woods.At about the same time the puppy vanished, the crow began to eat in an unusual way. Instead of eating its dinner all at one time, the crow would take a piece of food and fly away with it. Then in a little while it would come and do it again. The people were curious about the crows new eating habits, so one day