2020高考英语总复习 经典易错题会诊与试题预测 第六部分书面表达

第六部分 书面表达书面表达题是考查英语知识综合能力的试题,它要求考生既要有丰富的语言知识，又要有较强的笔头 良达能力。高考书面表达试题是每年高考试题中考试信度、区分度、效度最为明显的“瓶颈”试题之一。其得分 )6多少，对全卷的总成绩有着举足轻重的影响。一、解题技巧1.分析提示的内容要点在解答书面表达试题时，应该仔细审题，看懂提示所表达的意思，根据提示内容要点来决定采用什么样的语言形式。首先要认清体裁。书面表达试题一般采用指导性写作和开放性写作。指导性写作的体裁、内容和篇幅部有明确的规定。体裁有叙述文、描写文、说明文和应用文。提供材料的方式或通过文字，或是图表，或是表格，但所要求的体裁是唯一的。其次要考虑文章的主要时态。动词时态的错误是阅卷时最容易发现的错误之一，也是考生语言运用能力较差的显著标志，在写作中要力求避免时态的错误。2.注意行文的连贯性高考试题在命题时一般会考虑到计分的统一尺度，因此在内容要点的得分点上做了科学的安排。从近几年的试题分析来看，得分点有六七个。一般来说这方面的误差或遗漏不多。失分的主要原因往往是各个要点之间缺乏连贯，缺少内在的联系。往往有些考生只是将内容要点一一写出，如同翻译，没有成文。二、如何提高书面表达试题的得分综观典型例题考书面表达试题，试题在命题上有着很大的改进，正渐渐朝开放性写作方向发展。要想得到好的分数，应该注意以下几点:1.写好主题句高考的书面表达有字数的限制，因此，无论是指导性写作还是开放性写作，都需要一个主题句。围绕主题句展开的写作，会给人以中心突出的感觉，才能说明抓住了短文表达的关键。2.句式结构的多样性在写书面表达时，需要用到多种句式。句式不同，表达的效果就会不同。尤其是句式表达不能单一，应该富有变化。3.过渡词语的使用要谨慎书面表达句与句之间、段与段之间的过渡必须要自然流畅，这样才能使文章思路清晰、逻辑性强。例如表示增加的过渡词:also, and, and then, too, in addition, moreover, again, another, first, second 等;表示时间顺序的过渡词 :now, then, before, after, afterwards, earlier, later, immediately, soon, in a few days, gradually, suddenly, finally ;表示空间顺序的过渡词:near, far from, in front of, behind, beside, beyond, above, below, to the right, around, outside 等;表示原因、目的、总结的过渡词: in the same way, just like, but, still, yet, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in spite of, because, as a result, for this reason, in fact, above all, for example, finally, at last, in other words等。三、书面表达题的命题角度高考英语试题中的书面表达和汉语的命题作文有些不同，其提供的形式有图画、图表(表格)、提纲、情景以及开放式作文。值得一提的是，命题的方向越来越朝开放性方向发展。这样，更能考查到学生的语言运用能力。下面我们以典型例题考试题来分析一下各种形式的书面表达试题。1.(典型例题)书面表达 情景作文 美国中学生Jeff将要来你所在的红星中学学习中文，经协商安排住在你家。假设你是李华，请给Jeff写一封信，按照下图顺序介绍他来中国后的生活安排。注意:(1)信的开头已为你写好。(2)词数不少于60。Dear Jeff,Im Li Hua from Beijing Hongxing Middle School. Im very happy to learn that youre going to stay with my family while youre in Beijing.Best wishes,Li Hua试题分析本题的体裁是书信，主要内容是介绍他来中国后的生活安排，强调的细节是住处、如何上学以及学校生活，同时要求按照图画的顺序来写。只要把握了以上几点，那么这篇文章的主题就被抓住了。审题后，在上面的基础上从大脑中确定该用的词汇和短语。例如:提供pro- vide，靠近be quite close to，食堂dining hall，可口的中国饭莱the delicious Chinese food，和朋友交谈talk with friends，参与活动join other students in playing.。现在需要把所有的要点组成文章了。选用一些上文提到的过渡词会使文章看上去层次分明，意义连贯。当然，书信的结尾要加上类似如If you have any questions or requests， please let me know.Well try our best to make your stay here in Bejing a pleasant experience.的句子，使文章更加符合英语的语言习惯。IA Hua One possible version:Dear Jeff,Im Li Hua fiom Beijing Hongxing Middle School. Im very happy to learn that youre going to stay with my family while youre in Beijing.While you are here, well provide you with a room of your own with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV. Youll also have your own bathroom. Our school is quite close to our home, so we could go to school together by bike. At noon well eat at the school dining hall. Im sure youll like the delicious Chinese food there, and enjoy talking with friends over lunch. Classes in our school usually finish at 4 in the afternoon. You can then join other students in playing ball games or swimming. Itll be a lot of fun.If you have any questions or requests, please let me know. We II try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience.Best wishes, Li Hua2.(典型例题)书面表达开放作文请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。In your English class, the teacher shows this picture of a little boy looking into a mirror, and asks the class to discuss it. Your classmates have different understandings.Look at the picture carefully and tell the class how you understand the picture. Write what you would say on the next page.试题分析做好开放性书面表达题，首先要读清背景介绍。本题是老师要求学生就一个小男孩站在镜子前的画面来说说自己的理解。答案当然是多种多样的，但文章的结尾应该或是给人以启示，或是一些感悟，或是最终的事实结局等。One possible version:We can see in the picture a little boy standing in front of a mirror. Hes letting his imagination fly. What he sees in the mirror is not his physical self but what he will be like in twenty years. Mthough he is small and short now, he believes he will grow up to be a tall and strong young man like Yao Ming, who he admires. I think this picture tries to tell us that we should always look into the future with hope and confidence.3.(典型例题) 书面表达看图作文下面四幅图片描述的是，星期一早晨李华在上学路上经历的一件事。请根据图片所提供的信息以第三人称用英语写一篇短文。注意:(1)短文必须包括所有图片的主要内容，短文的内容要连贯、完整；(2)短文单词数:100左右(开头已给出的单词不计人单词总数)。试题分析此题是一篇看图作文。从所给的图画来看，要把握以下要点:(1)等车；(2)车内情况简介；(3)图画中的插入语；(4)在大家的帮助下，车重新启动了；(5)结尾的发挥。One possible version:It was snowing heavily on Monday morning. Li Hua was at the bus stop, waiting for Bus No. 601 to go to school. After a while, a bus came and she got on it. There were many passengers in the bus. Some were talking and some were looking out of the windows. Suddenly the bus stopped. The driver turned around and said, “Sorry. The bus has broken down. Please get off and help push the bus.”When they heard this, Li Hua and the other passengers got off the bus. They worked hard together, pushing the bus slowly forward. Soon the bus was running again. All the passengers were smiling and the sun was shining4.(典型例题)书面表达图表作文(25分)人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。赞成的理由反对的理由你的看法1. 广交朋友2. 可自由表达思想3. 利于外语学习1. 浪费时间2. 影响学习3. 可能上当受骗?注意: (1)文章必须包括表中的全部内容。(2)词数为100左右。(3)参考词汇：网络朋友on-line friend(s)，上当受骗to be cheated试题分析本题是小议论文的体裁。首先，要确保要点的完整，即赞成的理由；其次，段落的过渡是得高分的关键。One possible version:Should students make friends on line ? Some people say yes. The intemet helps make many friends. Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, and even get help with their foreign language studies.Others, however, think students should not. They say making friends on line is a waste of time, which should bespent more meaningfully on study. Besides , some students get cheated on line.It is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other things. As for friendship, we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us.5.(典型例题)书面表达提纲作文你的堂兄建华在国外学习，你们经常用英文通信。他即将完成学业，不久前来信就是否回国工作征求你的意见。请根据下列提示回信：(1)建议他回国；(2)你的理由是：1)学有所用，就业容易；2)照顾父母。注意：(1)词数100左右；(2)行文应连贯，内容应完整；(3)口头语与落款已为你写好。Dear Jianhua,Im very glad to have received the letter you sent to me two week ago.June 8thOne possible version:Dear Jianhua,Im very glad to have received the letter you sent to me two week ago. I have been thinking about the question you asked me. In my opinion, you should come back after you finish your studies abroad. For one reason, what you are studying is badly needed nowadays in China. It will be quite easy for you to find a job. In fact, I know a few big companies in our city are hoping to hire people like you. For another reason, I think it will be much more convenient for you to look after your parents as they are getting old. Therefore, I think its a good idea for you to return. So what are you waiting for?Best wishes,Minghua考点高分解题综合训练1.某中学生英语报社正在开展一场题为“Young teachers or elderly teachers，which do you prefer?”的讨论。请你依据下面表格所提供的要点写一篇短文，向该报社投稿。老年老师青年教师教学耐心；讲解细致；经验丰富精力充沛；教学活泼；敢于创新你的观点? 注意：(1)词数100左右，口头语已写好，不计入总词数；(2)短文必须包含表格的全部内容，要求观点明确、结构合理。答案:One possible version:Opinions are divided on this questions. Some students may like elderly teachersteaching because they think elderly teachers have more teaching experience and that they tend to be patient and careful with explanations. However, I prefer to be taught by young teachers. Firstly, we students have much in common with them. So they are our friends as well as our teachers. Secondly, they are energetic and enthusiastic. Usually they can make their classes lively and interesting. Besides, they are more ready to accept or create new ieas, including teaching. Thirdly, most young teachers devote themselves to their work, making them teach creatively and effectively.In a word, I prefer young teachers to elderly teachers.2.假设你是刘明，是即将参加高考的学生。你的英语其他题目都做的不错，但是作文总写不好。你给在你们学校工作过的外籍教师Jared发一封E-mail，就如何提高英语写作这个问题向他请教，并请他帮忙批改你附上的作文，指出问题的所在，怎么改进。注意:字数100左右；内容上可以适当发挥；参考词汇:附(attached to)答案:One possible version:Dear Jared,Im in Senior 3 now and Im preparing for the coming eollege entranee examination. Im sure I can answer all the questions in NMET except writing. I have put my heart into English writing, but I still dont know how to write a good composition. What shall I do? You know, the college entrance examination is very important. Im getting more and more worried with the time passing by. So I want get some help from you. I believed you are kind enough to help, arent you? The composition attached to the E - mail is one of mine. Would you please correct it, point out the mistakes and tell me how to improve my writing? Thank you!Yours,Liu3.下面是一则发布在“Language Today Magazine”上的招生广告。请以Joanne Kostopoulos的名义给该英语语言学校写封信，询问一些细节问题。词数:100左右。 (收信和发信的地址、日期、称呼已给出，不计入总词数)。生词:accommodation住所68 Mesologiou St.Glyfada 165 61Athens, Greece16 SeptemberThe Winston School of English21 St Martins LaneBakerleyWest Sussex BA3 ISXEnglandDear Sir/Madam,Yours sincerely,Joanne Kostopoulos答案:One possible version:68 Mesologiou St.Glyfada 165 61Athens, Greece16 SeptembeThe Winston School of English21 St Martins LaneBakerleyWest Sussex BA3 ISXEnglandDear Sir/Madam,I am writing with regard to your advertisement publishe m in Language Today Magazine. I am interested in attending language course in England this summer and I would appreciate some further information about your school.Firstly, I would like to know the number of students you normally have in a class and what their average age would be.Furthermore, it would be my pleasure if I know the details about the outofschool activities and how they help students improve their language skills.Finally, I want to he informed of the exact starting time of the course and the expenses of the accommodation.Looking forward to hearing from you.Yours sincerely,Joanne Kostopoulos4.假如你叫李华，参加了学校开展的“有烦恼向谁说”的调查活动，调查结果如图所示，请用英语给校报编辑写一封信，内容包括；调查结果(不局限于用分数表述)、理由及自己的想法。注意:(1)语句通顺，合乎逻辑，书信格式正确；(2)写信的日期:5月10日； (3)字数:120词左右。向同学、朋友说(理由:年龄相仿容易交流与理解)向老师家长说(理由:有爱心、有经验、可以信任)自己独自解决(理由:不愿与人交流、难以与人相处)答案:One possible version:May 10thDear Editor,I am a student in Senior One. We have made a survey “To whom you go when in trouble”, Here are the resuits. Most of the students will go to their classmates or friends when in trouble because theyre almost of the same age,they can talk with, communicate with and understand each other easily. Some students will tell their teachers or parents about their troubles as the teachers and parents have rich experience and love them very much. They can be trusted by these students. Only a few students solve their problems all by themselves. They hate to talk with others and cant get on well with others. They have few friends.In my opinion, when in trouble wed better ask our teachers, parents, friends or classmates for help.Yours Sincerely,Li Huh5.目前中学生出国非常火爆，请你以Studying Abroad为题谈谈你对这种现象的看法，出国学习的好处 (如:交上不同文化背景的朋友，有利于学好外语等)和缺点(没有独立生活经验，费用较高等)以及自己的倾向性。(120词左右)答案:One possible version:Studying AbroadIn recent years, studying abroad has been popular. Tens of thousands of Chinese middle school students have gone to foreign eountries to study. Many people are trying their best to apply to go abroad.There are many advantages in attending schools abroad. First, students who have studied abroad can make friends with people of different cultures. Second, we can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries. Third, we can learn foreign languages more quickly.However, there are some disadvantages. Most of the students are too young to live by themselves without any living experience. Besides, being far away from their home country, they may feel lonely and homesick. Also, the costs are much higher there than at home. In spite of these, advantages are more than disadvantages. In my opinion, it is advisable to attend schools abroad. 6.请仔细观察下面的漫画，结合Sam的亲身经历和认识上的变化，以第三人称的口吻写一篇英语作文。文章要联系图画所给的信息，可以适当地发挥想像，使情节合乎情理，上下连贯。词数:120词左右。答案:One possible version:Sam used to send a lot of cards to his friends at New Year. He didnt stop doing this until Professor Smith came to give a lecture. In his speech, Professor Smith said that too many trees had been cut down each year, because the cards we sent widely were made from trees. The professor also said that without trees, the soil was easily washed away by rainwater, which would lead to serious floods in some areas. Sam was shocked at the professors speech and realized that it was not right to send cards. Nowadays he sends his wishes to his friends by telephone or E - mail.7.假如你叫张明，你的朋友李华给你发了一封E-mail，说他们学校的现有条件已经不能适应新的办学要求。为了改善办学环境，需要对学校布局进行重新规划，要拆除部分建筑。但就在此范围内恰好有一座宋朝古庙，属于国家级保护文物。如何对待这一文物，众说纷纭。请你以E-mail的形式提出你的最好的解决方法。注意:(1)词数120150；(2)开头已给出。参考词汇:national important cultural relic国家级保护文物From: To: Date: 典型例题ubject:答案:One possible version:From: Zhang Ming yahoo, comTo: Li Hua hotmail, comDate: Mar. 29, 典型例题ubject: the temple in your schoolHi! Thank you for your E - mail, Li Hua. How are you doing?Im glad that your school is developing so fast that more buildings are needed. Of course, each coin has two sides. The problem is whether the temple built in Song Dynastshould be kept there in your school.I think, on one side, its wrong to destroy the temple which has been made national important cultural relics, Its an important part of your history. If you destroy the temple, youre also destroying your past. I think it would be much better if your school could make another design so that the temple can stand in its place as a teaching resource for teachers and students to learn about. Or your school can choose an area where there are no houses or other cultural relics. Why not build your school there?8.你班的张华和李梅同学在高三阶段有不同的学习方法，请描述下列各图，适当增加细节使文章连贯，并谈谈你的看法。答案:One possible version:Zhang hua and Li Mci are two students of Senior Three.They both work hard but they have different learning methods.Li Mei is a smart girl. When she is in class, she pays attention to listening to the teachers and write down the important points that teachers have mentioned. If there is something she doesnt understand, she will ask the teacher at no time. So, as you know, she gets good marks in every exam.However, Zhang Hua likes to study at night. And he always studies deep into the night because he thinks it is quietto study at night. As a result, he often falls sleepy during the class.In my opinion, it is a waste of time for Zhang Hua to study at night. Also, it does harm to his health.9.根据调查，中国城市居民电脑的拥有率达30%。很多农村居民对电脑也越来越感兴趣，甚至有的家庭也买了电脑。请参考下表写一篇题为Computers in China的短文。词数:100词左右。买电脑的目的类别比率类别比率孩子学习需要70%学习资料查询30%家长工作需要40%上网聊天60%赶时髦20%游戏65%娱乐10%听音乐、看光盘20%答案:One possible version:Computer in ChinaAccording to a recent investigation, about 70% of the parents bought computers for their children to a study, and some for their work. Some of the parents bought them just because other children have computers, and even some people bought them for entertainment. The fact that how the middle school students use computers really surprises us. Only about 30% of them use computers to find out useful information. About 60% of them use computers to chat with other people. Even worse about 65% use computers to play games and 20% use computers to watch VCDs or listen to music;In my opinion, we should make better use of our best inventioncomputers.10.假如你叫李华，你最近对你所在班级60名同学 (男女各半)进行上网目的调查。现在将调查结果(如下图所示)用英语给报社的编辑写一封信，报告此事，以引起舆论的关注。 注意:(1)报告应包括图表所示的全部内容；(2)叙述调查结果时要避免重复使用百分比；(3)叙述过程中要适当添加评语；(4)词数:100词左右。答案:One possible version:Dear editor,I have recently made a survey about the purpose of going on the Internet among 30 boys and 30 girls in our class. The result is worrying. Both boys and girls like to read news and send E - mails on the Internet. What the girls like best is to chat on the Internet while the boys favorite is to play computer games. The number is up to 35%. Of course 20% of the girls like to play games. However, only 10% of the boys and girls learn by going on the Internet.In my opinion, the Internet should be one of the important means by which we get information. We shouldnt waste time chatting or playing computer games. I suggest that all the schools should give students a necessary guidance on how to make use of the Internet correctly.11.开学初老师和家长都要李明住校学习，而他却喜欢住家，双方各持己见。假设你是李明，请用英语把这个情况告诉中学生英语报“学生之音”栏目组，请求主持人给予建议。老师和家长的理由李明的理由1. 方便问问题2. 晚自习时间更能保证；3. 培养独立生活的能力。1. 晚上有更多自习时间；2. 学习内容可以自由支配。注意:(1)词数100左右；(2)信的开头已写好，只需接着写；(3)参考词语:住校board(v.)Dear Sir,Im a student of senior 3.答案:One possible version:Dear Sir,Im a student of senior 3. At the beginning of this term, my parents and teachers asked me to board in the school. They say it will be very convenient for me to ask questions whenever and wherever. Besides, they think boarding will make it possible to make full use of my night time, and that I can also develop the ability to look after myself.However, I have my own thought. Staying at home in the evening, I will have more time to work at my lessons. Atthe same time, I can learn what I think Im not good at. I really dont know what to do. Please give me your advice !Yours,Li Ming12.根据网上报导，典型例题期间重庆百余名初三学生拒绝进校门，抗议假期补课，请你根据下列提示写篇英语短文。要求:词数120左右；必须有自己的观点。 观点理由教师不同意假期补课师生疲惫应该给学生更多的时间和空间学生60%不同意，40%同意应该放松，调节；能多学点东西家长同意但收费过高有人看着安全，补了比不补好答案:One possible version:Teachers speak up against giving extra lessons during vacation. The reason, they argue, is based on the definition that vacation is designed for relaxation and rest, both for teachers and students, the later in particular, should be given enough time and f