江苏省淮安中学II部2020高三英语语法专题复习 八、非谓语动词

八、非谓语动词（一）知识重点1.常用动词以及特殊动词对其后非谓语动词的形式(不定式、过去分词及v. -ing形式)的不同要求。2.非谓语动词的完成式和否定式。3.了解并熟练运用做非谓语试题的三个步骤：(1)分析句子成分；(2)搞清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系；(3)确定行为时间及先后顺序等。4.了解高考对非谓语动词的测试方向：(1)不定式的完成式、被动式和进行式；(2)不定式的省略；(3)测试只能接动名词的动词和接动名词、不定式有区别的动词的用法；(4)现在分词作宾补、作定语、作状语的用法；(5)测试非谓语动词的否定式。（二）知识呈现1.非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成：非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式to doto be doingtohave doneto be doneto have been done在非谓语前加notfor sb. to do sth. 具有名词，副词和形容词的作用在句中做主、宾、定、表、补和状语分词现在分词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done具有副词和形容词的作用在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done动名词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been donesbs doing具有名词的作用在句中做主、宾、定和表语2.做宾语的非谓语动词比较：情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend,manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen等。只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse,appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider等。cant help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to,be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in,set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to,be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to等。两者都可以意义基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）意义相反stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生）go on to do（接着做另外一件事）go on doing（接着做同一件事）try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力）try doing（试试去做，看有何结果）mean to do（打算做，企图做）mean doing （意识是，意味着）cant help to do（不能帮忙做） cant help doing（忍不住要做）3.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句带 to的不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage主谓关系:强调动作将发生或已经完成。 I told him to come here. 不带 to的不定式have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make等。I heard him call me several times. 现在分词notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel等。主谓关系:强调动作正在进行，尚未完成。I found her listening to the radio. 过去分词动宾关系:动作已经完成，多强调状态。We found the village greatly changed. 4. 非谓语动词做定语的区别：区别举例不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生。I have a lot of papers to type.I have a lot of papers to be typed. 动名词通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系。Shall we go to the swimming pool?现在分词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生。the boiling water / the boiled waterthe developing country/the developed country/the falling leaves / the fallen leaves过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成。5.非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别：区别举例不定式多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作，做主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提问主语或表语。My dream is to become a teacher.To obey the law is important.(dream, business, wish, idea, plan, duty, task做主语时常用)动名词与不定式的功能区别不大，然而它更接近于名词，表示的动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也可以用it做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位置。It is no use saying that again and again.Teaching is my job. 分词无名词的性质，不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质，可以做表语，多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等，可被very, quite, rather等副词修饰。现在分词多含有“令人”之意，说明主语的性质特征，多表示主动，主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到”之意，主语多是人。The situation is encouraging.The book is well written.(常见分词有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其-ed形式)6.非谓语动词做状语的区别区别举例不定式不定式作状语常常表示目的，only 加不定式表意料之外的结果。To make this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. 现在分词现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 过去分词过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。Given more attention, the treescould have grown better. （三）高考真题1. (07全国I) -The last one _ pays the meal. -Agreed!A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving2. (07全国I) I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt3. (07全国II) At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside theclassroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closedD. to open and close4. ( 07北京) -Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?-Just a minute. Ill have Bob _you to your room.A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing5. ( 07北京)He is a student at Oxford University, _ for a degree in computer science.A. studied B. studyingC. to have studied D. to be studying6. ( 07天津）The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day.A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let7. ( 07重庆) The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _for the day.A. finishing B. finishedC. had finished D. were finished8. ( 07福建)Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ in a short period.A. improvedB. improvingC. to improve D. improve9. (07福建卷)Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down.A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled10. (07四川) Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon.A. said B. says C. saying D. to say11. ( 07四川) The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day.A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water12. ( 07陕西) that she didnt do a good job, I dont think I am abler than her.A. To have saidB. Having saidC. To sayD. Saying13. ( 07浙江) The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard14. ( 07浙江) _ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.A. Driven B. Being driven C.To drive D.Having driven15. ( 07湖南) As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what I was going to do.A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved16. ( 07湖南) “Things _ never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself.A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost17. ( 07江西) When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there for a space flight.A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained18. ( 07安徽) John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it.A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished19. ( 07安徽) - Robert is indeed a wise man.- Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice!A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking20. ( 07江苏) - Can I smoke here?- Sorry. We dont allow _ here.A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smokeD. smoking21. ( 07江苏) He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures. A. interested B. interestingC. interest D.to interest22. ( 07辽宁) The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. break23. ( 07辽宁) You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm.A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking24. ( 07山东) Please remain_ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A.to seat B.to be seated C.seating D.seated25. ( 07山东) The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March.A.has been launched B.having been launched C.being launched D.to be launched26. ( 07上海) After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him.A.callingB.called C.being called D.to call27. ( 07上海) There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.A.being persuaded B.persuading C.to be persuaded D.to persuade28. ( 07上海) The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.A.to be competed B.having been completed C.completed D.being completed29. (06北京)There have been several new events to the program for the 2020 Beijing Olympic Games. A.add B.to add C.adding D.added30. (06北京) I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works.A.working ; stopping B.to work ; stopping C.working ; to stopD.to work ; to stop31.(06全国I)_and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.A.Surprising B.Surprised C.Being surprised D.To be surprising32. (06陕西)It is difficult to imagine his the decision without any consideration.A.accept B.accepting C.to accept D.accepted33. (06全国II)Faced with a bill for 10,000,_.A.John has taken an extra job B.the boss has given john an extra jobC.an extra job has been taken D.an extra job has been given to John34. (06全国II) He hurried to the booking office only that all the tickets had been sold out. A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told35.(06全国II)We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. A.thinking B.think C.to think D.thought36.(06福建)_for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.A.Blaming B.Blamed C.To blame D.To be blamed37.(06广东)No matter how frequently , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A.performed B.performing C.to be performed D.being performed38.(06广东) this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.A.Having made B.Make C.To make D.Making39.(06湖北)Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table.A.do B.to do C.doing D.and doing40.(06湖南)The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket_ the desert.A.covering B.covered C.cover D.to cover41.(06湖南)If you think that treating a woman well means always her permission for things, think again.A.gets B.got C.to get D.getting42.(06湖南)As the twentieth century came to a close ,the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting_.A.to use B.to be used C.to have used D.to be using43.(06江苏)Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly,always _ the same thing.A.saying B.said C.to say D.having said44.(06江苏)- There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.- My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old.A.to be B.to have been C.being D.having been45.(06江西)After he became conscious,he remembered_and_on the head with a rod.A.to attack; hit B. to be attacked；to be hitC.attacking；be hit D. having been attacked；hit46.(06江西)It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness_.A.to make B.to be made C.making D.being made47.(06山东)Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.A.being given B.is given C.given D.was given48.(06山东)Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday.A.have been missing B.have got lost C.be missing D.get lost49. (06四川)The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games_in Beijing in 2020.A.hold B.holding C.held D.to be held50.(06四川)_with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.A.Faced B.Face C.Facing D.To face51.(06浙江)When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A.comparedB.being comparedC.comparing D.having compared52.(06浙江)It remains _ whether Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals.A.seen B.to be seen C.seeing D.to see53.(06重庆) Isnt it time you got down to_ the papers? A.mark B.be marked C.being marked D.marking54.(06重庆)Customers are asked to make sure that they_the right change before leaving the shop. A.will give B.have been given C.have given D.will be given55.(06上海春季)The parents suggested _ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A.sleep B.to sleep C.sleeping D.having slept56.(06上海春季)There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.A.waited B.to wait C.waiting D.wait57.(06上海春季)_ the employees working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.A.Improving B.To improve C.Having improved D.Improved58.(06上海春季)In the dream Peter saw himself _ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.A.chased B.to be chased C.be chased D.having been chased59.(06上海春季)China has promised to revise its existing regulations and _ new policies according to WTO requirements.A.forming B.to form C.to be forming D.have formed60.(06天津)A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left .A.unsatisfied B.unsatisfying C.to be unsatisfying D.being unsatisfied61.(05全国I)The storm left , a lot of damage to this area .A.caused B.to have caused C.to cause D.having caused62.(05全国II) “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away.A.runB.running C.to runD.ran63.(05北京春季) with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A.To face B.Having faced C.Faced D.Facing64.(05安徽) I really cant understand _ her like that.A.you treat B.you to treat C.why treat D.you treating65.(05北京) Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having66.(05北京) The prize of the game show is30,000 and an all expenses _vacation to China.A.paying B.paid C.to be paid D.being paid67.(05北京) I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A.going on B.goes on C.went on D.to go on68. (05福建)Can the project be finished as planned?Sure, it completed in time, well work two more hours a day.A.having gotB.to getC.gettingD.get69.(05福建)When help, one often says “Thank you. ” or “Its kind of you. ”A.offeringB.to offer C.to be offeredD.offered70.(05广东)He glanced over at her,_that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.A.noting B.noted C.to note D.having noted71.(05广东) He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left.A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found72.(05湖北) from other continents for millions of years ,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A.Being separatedB.Having separatedC.Having been separated D.To be separated73. (05湖南) _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A.Dressed B.To dress C.Dressing D.Having dressed74.(05江苏)- Is Bob still performing?- Im afraid not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an official.A.to have left B.to leave C.to have been left D.to be left75.(05江苏) _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B.Lost C.Being lost D.Losing76.(05江西) The manager,_it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room.A.who has madeB.having madeC.madeD.making77.(05辽宁)All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas.A.in order to have received B.in order to receiveC.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving78.(05天津)You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it_often enough.A.explaining B.to explain C.explain D.explained79.(05浙江)_ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.A.To find out B.Finding out C.Find out D.Having found out80.(05上海) More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.A.taking B.takenC.having takenD.having been taken81.(05上海春季)Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan.A.his being not able B.him not to be ableC.his not being able D.him to be not able82.(04北京) _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To waitB.Have waited C.Having waited D.To have waited83.(04广西)Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music.A.making herself hear B.to make herself hearC.making herself heard D.to make herself heard84.(04广西)Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes.A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed85.(04湖南)You were silly not your car.A.to lock B.to have locked C.locking D.having locked86.(04吉林)When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A.introducing B.introduced C.introduce D.being introduced87.(04吉林) We can t go out in this weather, said Bob, _ ou