甘肃省兰州市2020高考英语二轮复习 阅读类训练（8）

阅读类训练（8）阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。“Luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity，” said the American talk show host Oprah Winfrey. Ive never watched her show, but when a selfmade billionaire gives life advice, its probably worth listening to.Her point is that blind luck is very rare. You may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. If youre a Chinese，you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump (树桩) for a rabbit to run out and break its neck.A book written by the UK psychologist Richard Wiseman, called The Luck Factor, argues we can all make ourselves luckier. Its not about going to a temple to burn some incense (香) in hopes that the gods will give you good fortune；its practical advice you can follow each day.Wiseman conducted an experiment as part of his studies. First he separated volunteers into two groups：those who said they were lucky in life and those who said they were not. He gave everyone a newspaper and asked them to look through it to count how many photographs it had inside. On average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. Why? On the second page of the newspaper, a command, “Stop counting. There are 43 photographs in this newspaper，” was written in big letters. The unlucky people mostly did not spot the message.Its easy to compare this situation to a young person looking for jobs in a local paper. They might search so hard for one type of position that they miss an even better opportunity. People who are “lucky”， in fact, keep an open mind and dont go through the same routine every day.I first came to China in 2002 when it was considered a rather strange thing to do. Like many foreigners，my plan was to teach English for one year. Seven years later, and still here, Ive had many great opportunities such as writing for newspapers and magazines. I did not dream these would have been possible. Ive also never been sick, had an accident, got into a fight or had problems with the police. Coincidence? After reading about Professor Wisemans studies I think not.As Wiseman advises, I usually trust my own judgment. Your friends and parents may give you advice based on rational thinking, but its important to consider how you feel about each choice you make. Your feeling acts as a warning for a potential problem.Finally, try to turn bad luck into good.Even if you do fall down and break a leg, the time spent at home can be used wisely to study English.1. Which of the following proverbs most agrees with the writers point?AMake the best of a bad job.BRome was not built in a day.CAll that glitters is not gold.DA good heart conquers ill fortune.2. What do you know about Oprah Winfrey?AShe became famous through her family background.BShe was very lucky and seldom suffered setbacks in her life.CShe is a British talk show host.DShe became successful by her own effort.3. The writer quoted the Chinese tale of a farmer in order to show_.A. luck is in your own handBbad luck can turn into goodCyou should not sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to youDman can conquer nature4. The underlined word “spot” is the closest in meaning to“_”.Arecognize BmarkClocate Dreceive解题导语本文为议论文。作者认为命运只垂青那些有所准备的人。身处逆境，不要怨天尤人，要想方设法化厄运为好运。每个人都可以做自己命运的主人。1. 解析：选A。 推理判断题。Make the best of a bad job意为“身处山穷水尽，力争柳暗花明”，与最后一段作者的观点“try to turn bad luck into good(把厄运变好运)”最为接近。故答案为A。Rome was not built in a day意为“伟业非一日可成”；All that glitters is not gold意为“闪光的东西并不都是金子”；A good heart conquers ill fortune意为“善心克厄运”。2. 解析：选D。 细节理解题。根据第一段中的a selfmade billionaire可知美国talk show主持人Oprah Winfrey是从白手起家，通过自我奋斗而成功的。3解析：选C。 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可以判断，作者引用中国“守株待兔”的故事是为了说明“人们不应该待在家里等待机会的降临”的观点。4解析：选A。 词义猜测题。根据上文语境及The unlucky people mostly did not spot the message. 可知spot在句中用作及物动词，是“发现，识别”之意。第一部分完形填空完形填空训练阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。It was January 25th, 2020: Nisha and Akshayes marriage anniversary. But things hadchanged 11 their marriage. The couple quarreled about 12 things.，Yet they still loved eachother.Nisha thought her husband might have 13 about their anniversary. When door bell rang,Nisha was 14 happy that Akshaye had finally remembered. She ran to open the door. Indeed,Akshaye was standing outside and 15 a bunch of flowers. They started to have a(n) 16night. But then the phone started ringing. Nisha went to 17 it up. There was a man on theother 18 of the phone. Hello, madam. I am caflingfrom the 19 station. Is this Mr. AkshayMalhotras number?Yes, it is.There was an 20 ，and a man died. We got your number from the mans 21 weneed you to come here and 22 the bodyNishas heart 23 Whhhaat? B .but卿husband is here with me.Sorry, madam, the accident took place at 3:00 pro，She had heard that the soul of the dead person would come to meet you 24 it departedShe ran to the sitting room. Akshaye was not there. Had something bad really happened? If shehad been given 25 chance, she would have mended all her 26 She was about to lose hetsenses. 27 Akshaye came out of the bathroom, saying, Dear, my wallet was 28 while Iwas 29 my way home this afternoon.Life might not give you a 30 chance. So never waste a moment when you have thechance to make up for your deeds11. A. at B. before C. in D. since12. A. important B. small C. interesting D. wonderful13. A. forgotten B. memorized C. reminded D. remembered14. A. friendly B. surprisingly C. luckily D. fortunately15. A. holding B. giving C. carrying D. delivering16. A. geode B. normal C. extraordinary D. romantic17. A. put B. pick C. get D. give18. A. beginning B. line C. end D. call19. A. police B. bus C. post D. railway20. A. accident B. affair C. event D. incident21A. ID card B. passport C. wallet D. license22. A. realize B. identify C. achieve D. know23. A. beat B. drowned C. shocked D. sank24. A. after B. before C. since D. because25. A. another B. other C. the other D. one26. A. mistakes B. faults C. disadvantages D. failure27. A. Sadly B. Luckily C. Suddenly D. Unfortunately28. A. stolen B. thrown C. dropped D. attached29. A. in B. over C. above D. on30. A. nice B. second C. satisfied D. third【参考答案】1130、DBABA DBCAA CBDBA BCADB完形填空训练完形填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳答案。Anthropology is a science which deals with man and his social habits. I think of anthropology here as “being interested, without 1 ,in the way other people choose to live and 2 .”When you are curious about the way someone behaves or the way 3 feel about something, its 4 that you will he annoyed(恼火).When someone acts in a way that seems5 to you, rather than react in your usual way, such as “I cant believe they would do that,” 6 say something to yourself like “I see, that must be the way they 7 things in their world. Very interesting.” In order for this 8 to help you, you have to be genuine(真诚的).Recently I was at a shopping mall with my six-year old daughter 9 a group of punk rockers walked by with orange spiked hair and tattoos(文身) covering much of their bodies. At the sight of them, my daughter immediately asked me, “Daddy, why are they 10 like that?” Years ago I would have felt very 11 with such young people. I would have given a judgmental explanation and passed along to her my 12 .Pretending to be an anthropologist, however, has 13 my perspective(看法)a great deal, so its made me 14 .I said to my daughter, “Im not really sure, but its interesting how 15 we all are, isnt it?” She said, “Yeah, 16 I like my own hair.”When you are interested in other perspectives, it doesnt mean youre 17 them. I certainly wouldnt choose a punk rock lifestyle or 18 it to anyone else. At the same time, however, its really not my 19 to judge it either. One of the most important rules of joyful living is that judging others takes a great deal of energy and 20 you away from where you want to be.( ) 1.A.agreement B. judgment C. improvement D. entertainment答案:B( ) 2.A.behave B. speak C. grow D. eat答案:A( ) 3.A.you B. they C.I D. we答案:B( ) 4.A.natural B. certain C. obvious D. impossible答案:D( ) 5.A.normal B. common C. strange D. passive答案:C( ) 6.A.just B. also C. still D. never答案:A( ) 7.A.make B. find C. see D. get答案:C( ) 8.A.person B. way C. interest D. word答案:B( ) 9.A.while B. until C. since D. when答案:D()10.A.tried on B. grown up C. acted out D. dressed up答案:D( ) 11.A.pleased B. interested C. bored D. excited答案:C( ) 12.A.views B. questions C. advice D. plan答案:A( ) 13.A.blocked B. changed C. enlarged D. raised答案:B( ) 14.A.softer B. higher C. happier D. angrier答案:A( ) 15.A.similar B. confident C. humorous D. different答案:D( ) 16.A.and B. but C. so D. or答案:B( ) 17.A.like B. for C. beside D. against答案:B( ) 18.A.present B. connect C. send D. suggest答案:D( ) 19.A.place B. attempt C. fault D. decision答案:A( ) 20.A.gives B. brings C. pulls D. puts答案:C1. 提示:without judgment的意思是“不加判断地”，相当于下文解释该句的curious。2. 提示:B、C、D三项都表示的是behave(行为)的具体表现，此处的A项正好和下文的解释相吻合。3. 提示:英文中常用they来指代someone。4. 提示:既然你对别人的生活和行为感兴趣，那么你也就不可能感到不安了。5. 提示:从下文“rather than react in your usual way”来看，此处是“别人的行为方式使你感到奇怪”。6. 提示:可由when引导的从句到“.they would do that”为止，say是祈使句中的谓语，由此开始是告诫自己的话，因此，say之前用just。7. 提示:see在此相当于regard(看待)。make things表示“制造物品”；find things表示“(丢失后)的找到物品”；D项表示“得到物品”，均与题意不符。8. 提示:第二段谈论的都是别人或者你自己的“行为方式”，因此，此处表示的是“为了让这种方式对你有益”。9. 提示:when在此处是并列连词，相当于and suddenly。10. 提示:在这四个选项中，只有D项可以用于被动语态，表示“打扮)，和上文描述的那群人发型等相吻合。11. 提示:其他三项表示的都是积极意义的单词，只有C项表示消极意义。从下文看，作者多年前对那群人的穿衣打扮是“厌烦的”。12. 提示:views在此相当于opinions,表示“意见、看法”。13. 提示:上文谈论的是以前的看法，此处谈论的是现在不同的看法，因此说，看法已有了改变。14. 提示:soft在此表示言行性格的“宽厚”。既然经过了多年的磨炼，看法已经改变了许多，那么整个人也就变得比过去“温和”了。15. 提示:那群人的发型和“我们所有人的”是不一样的，因此才显得有趣。16. 提示:从“我喜欢自己的头发样式”来看，此处应用表示转折意思的but。17. 提示:be for的意思相当于agree；like和be动词连用时是介词(像)；C项表示“在旁边”；D项表示“反对”。18. 提示:D项表示“把这种发型推荐给别人”；发型是没有办法“赠送；连接；寄送”给别人的，因此排除A、B、C三项。19. 提示:place在此表示“工作、职责”。20. 提示:pull oneself away为固定短语，意思是“使自己离开”。第二部分阅读理解训练阅读理解训练Most Americans get what money they have from their work; that is, they earn an income from wages or salaries. The richest Americans, however, get most of their money from what they own their stocks, bonds, real estate, and other forms of property, or wealth. Although there are few accurate statistics to go by, wealth in American society appears to be concentrated in very few hands. More than 20 percent of everything that can be privately owned is held by less than one percent of the adult population and more than 75 percent of all wealth is owned by 20 percent of American adults. The plain fact is that most Americans have no wealth at all aside from their homes, automobiles, and a small amount of savings.Income in the United States is not as highly concentrated as wealth. In 1917 the richest 10 percent of American families received 26.1 percent of all income, while the poorest 10 percent received 17 percent, mainly from Social Security and other government payments. The most striking aspect of income distribution is that it has not changed significantly since the end of World War II. Although economic growth has roughly doubled real disposable (可自由使用的) family income (the money left after taxes and adjusted for inflation) over the last generation, the size of the shares given to the rich and the poor is about the same. By any measure economic inequality is great in the United States.The reality behind these statistics is that a large number of Americans are poor. In 1918, 14 percent of the population was living below the federal governments poverty line, which at that time was an annual income of $ 9 287 for a non-farm family of two adults and two children. In other words, about one out of seven Americans over 31 million people was officially considered unable to buy the basic necessities of food, clothes, and shelter. The suggested poverty line in 1981 would have been an income of about $11 200 for a family of four. By this relative definition, about 20 percent of the population or more than 45 million Americans are poor.1. What do the majority of the Americans have in terms of wealth?A. Their income and savings.B. Everything they own in their homes.C. Actually, they have no wealth at all.D. Their house, cars and small amounts of savings.2. What is the percentage of wealth that is in the hands of most Americans?A. More than 25%.B. Less than 25%.C. More than 75%. D. Less than 20%.3. Why is economic inequality still great in the US in spite of the economic growth?A. Because the proportion of income received by the rich and the