陕西省礼泉县2020高考英语二轮复习 书面表达赏析选编（2）

陕西礼泉县2020高考英语书面表达【二轮】赏析选编（2）书面表达。【高端点拨】每年高考后，我们一直在思索：英语高考中书面表达考什么、怎么考、如何写等系列高难表述问题。但是，通过与考生交流，我们发现他们的书面表达的思维能力并非不活跃，只是在他们的记忆库中存储的相应表达方式不足，或记忆有误，或根本是空白。拿到作文题目后，不愁没内容可写，只愁没词可用，或是写了不知是否正确，因此在表达过程中，要么被迫放弃，要么按照汉语的结构硬译，以致造成短文词不达意，错误地传递信息，分数也受到影响。针对考生在书面表达方面出现的问题，下面将谈谈高考书面表达的复习建议和答题技巧。一、复习建议（一）明确写作能力的培养和提高是一个日积月累的过程。高考英语书面表达题是一项综合性的测试。要写好一篇短文，考生不仅要具备熟练的谴词、造句和谋篇能力，而且需要熟知不同的写作策略。如果从高三年级开始准备，则必须保证有科学、全面的训练计划和足量的写作实践，在这方面，笔者要求学生从认识句子成分，到谴词成句，到练习基本句式，再到语段语篇的这样一个过程。当然有些学生在这过程中也坚持写日记，然后笔者给他们都进行了详细批改。这样学生既听从了老师的安排和指导，也没有忽视自己的独立实践与总结。（二）注重平时的练笔。近几年考题的话题包括外国交换学生在华学习生活安排、少年健康问题、中学生业余生活、人们的生活变化、环境保护、中学生庆祝 2020年奥运会申办、举办成功等。对于这些话题，每个考生都不会感到无话可说，只要平时认真进行一些写作实践，就不难具备应付这类话题所必要的写作能力。（三）明确写作方向。从近几年的情况来看，试题并没有特定的语篇或文体要求。虽然短文会用到记叙、说明或议论等表达方式，但这毕竟只是一个区区几十字的文段，远不足被称为记叙文、议论文、说明文或某种特定文体的文章。例如： 书面表达材料要求根据一首诗的内容，描述其中的一位老师，这是单纯的记叙文;或者根据提示，写毕业赠言，其中首先要求表述好友在你心中的印象，并用一两个事例加以描述，然后表达祝愿，这其实也是记叙文;或者依据要求，让学生描述一位伟人，并说明自己喜欢他或她的原因，这还是记叙文。（四）注意平时的词汇积累。针对考生平时练习时出现的没词可用，写了不知是否正确等情况，建议考生们采用听、读、写相结合的办法，增加语言输入，扩大存储量。高三年级不可避免地要进行大量的听和读的练习，在做完听力和阅读理解后，可以停下来，用一点时间有意识地增加针对写作的语言输入，比如将听过或读过的表达方式回忆一下并记住，或者将有用的短语标出来，记在笔记本上，以备事后记忆之用。注意选取的资料应与考生自己的写作水平相近，还要提高记忆的准确性。二、解题技巧高考英语书面表达题解题应遵循五步骤的原则进行。2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲英语中对写作这样要求：“要求考生根据提示进行书面表达，考生应能(1)准确使用语法和词汇。(2)使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。如何写好一篇作文分5个步骤（一）仔细审题，确定要点。在开始写作这前一定要认真阅读题目中的所有信息(中文提示、图示、注意事项等)把需要表达的全部信息要点列成提纲，列要点时，如果提示是图表，要认真审图，从图中找出要表达的信息要点，如事件发生的背景，人物的衣着、表情、动作、位置、年龄、外貌、图中的英汉文字等，如果有参考词汇，一定要用上。（二）根据要点，遣词造句。近年来高考书面表达的要求不断提高，高分文章要有较多的词汇，较高级的词汇用法。比如表达丰富可以用rich,但如果你用abundant这个词就属于较高级的词汇。再比如“他强调小心驾驶的重要”这个句子 He emphasized the importance of careful driving.其中“强调”这个词如果你用 attach much importance to 效果更佳。（三）确定时态及人称，内容连贯，结构紧凑。高考书面表达评分标准明确规定，如人称错误要扣分，不同的文体一般都有基本时态。日记通常记叙发生过的事情，多用一般过去时。议论文多用一般现在时，通知等文体通常用一般将来时。每个句子写好之后，句与句之间要选择恰当的连接词。比如：(1)表示承接、递进用语，besides(并且)、whats more(并且)，moreover(而且)，firstly, secondly, finally(最后)，from now on (从此)，afterwards I after that(后来)，to make things worse/ whats worse(使事情更为糟糕的是)，the worst thing of all(最糟糕的是)。(2)表示转折关系用语。But, however, otherwise, though, despite, in spite of.(尽管)on the other hand(另一方面)，as(尽管)，all the same(尽管如此)。(3)表示因果关系用语。because/because of.for(因为)，owing to (由于)，thanks to (由于)，due to (由于)，so that (结果)。(4)归纳总结用语。to summarize(总而言之)，in short/in a word(简而言之)，on the whole(从总体看)，generally speaking(一般说来)，in my view(我的观点)，in conclusion(总之)。（四）句式丰富，避免重词。英语书面表达评分标准第五档(21-25分)要求，“应使用较复杂结构，这要求学生不仅会运用基本句型，也要有意识地使用复杂句型，这是文章的亮点。如何使用复杂结构，本人认为适当运用非谓语结构(分词短语、动名词或不定式短语)、适当运用各种从句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)，这些都是有效的途径。比如：When he arrived in Beijing, he gave me an e-mail.(时间状语从句。一般)On arriving in Beijing, he gave me an e-mail. Having arrived in Beijing, he gave me an e-mail.(使用了介词+动名词和现在分词短语，分别作状语。高级) Hardly had he arrived in Beijing when he gave me an e-mail.(改变时态，句子结构。高级)I wont believe what he says.(一般)No matter what he says, I wont believe it.(让步状从句，高级)。（五）认真答写，卷面整洁。高考书面表达评分标准中对书写有较高要求。尤其是高考英语作文网上进行阅卷以来，如果书写较差，会影响到扫描质量，因此，考生在答卷时，一定要认真、清楚规范地书写，以保卷面整洁和美观，为争取高分作文做好铺垫。三、修正小误1、审题不够仔细，遗漏要点2、语言基础知识薄弱，语法和拼写错误较多3 句子结构错误 双谓语现象句子结构混乱4 动词使用错误 时态错误语态错误滥用be动词5 汉语式英语6. 不规则动词及常用词拼写错误7. 名词单复数错误8、词义模糊，用词不够准确9、行文清晰，句子与句子间缺乏衔接.10、逻辑错误，如：because与so或者although与but等同时出现在同一个句子里。【2020界广东省揭阳市二模】读写任务 (共1小题，满分25分)阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150字左右的英语短文。Mayor Bloomberg has been the mayor of New York City for nearly nine years, but for ten years he has been wearing the same shoes. This is really rare to be seen on a billionaire.“The mayor owns two pairs of work shoes,” said the spokesman. “One day hell wear one, the next the other. When they got worn down, he has them repaired. He could buy any shoes he wanted, but he says since they are comfortable, and they work, theres no need for a new pair.” According to the spokesman, the mayor saves in his footwear and he also keeps it up in his personal as well as governmental finance. “When he buys a cup of coffee, he chooses the smallest size. He buys only what he needs.”Such is the mayor of New York City, who cares little about his shoes, avoids wasting money and focuses his attention on his work and his people in the city.But what about our fellow students nowadays? Some wear super expensive clothes and shoes; besides, they buy as many as possible, far more than two pairs. They always want the latest, the newest and throw the old ones away though they havent worn them for many times.【写作内容】1. 以约30个词概括以上短文的内容。2. 以约120个词就“勤俭节约”这一主题发表你的感想和看法，内容包括：（1）给出你对这位市长的评价；（2）举一个你尊敬的人勤俭节约的例子，说明他对你的影响；（3）列举你生活中浪费的坏习惯并说说你勤俭节约的决心。【写作要求】1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。【评分标准】概括准确，语言规范内容合适，语篇连贯。参考词汇：节俭的 provident/thrifty【参考范文】读写任务(共1小题，满分25分)参考范文The author introduces to us the mayor of New York City, a man who is rich but provident. The author also points out nowadays some students have the habit of wasting things.When reading the passage, I am deeply moved by the mayor. Rich as he is, he has the virtue of saving. He spends money only on what he needs and never wastes money on what is of no use. I think this is really admirable.The mayor reminds me of the great political leader of China, Chairman Mao. As the chairman of China, Mao led a very thrifty life. He used to wear old clothes at home. When his clothes were worn out, he would have them repaired and continued to wear them. He always told others that saving was a good virtue of Chinese people.Thinking about the two great leaders, I feel deeply ashamed. As a young student who still has to depend on my parents, I have been leading too comfortable a life. I buy whatever I like though I dont really need them. Besides, I like new things; when things get “old”, I tend to begin to dislike them and stop using them. Now that I realize that this is wrong, Im determined that I shall follow the examples of the two great leaders and start to get rid of the bad habits.【2020界广东省揭阳市一模】基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）你是校报记者，最近进行了一次采访。以下是这次采访的情况：时间：三月九日，星期六对象：心理学家 (psychologist) 李教授主题：高三学生如何释放过大压力（overwhelming stress）李教授解读：1原因： 主要是因为学生把高考看得过于重要，把它看成最终目标。2. 建议：（1）最重要的是积极心态；（2）适当运动能够帮助有效释放压力；（3）注意饮食平衡;(4) 保证充足睡眠。词汇：高考the College Entrance Examination写作内容根据以上情况写一篇采访报道，并包括如下内容：1采访的时间、对象和主题；2李教授解读内容。写作要求只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。评分标准句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。【参考范文】基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）One possible version:On Saturday, March 9th, I had an interview with Professor Li, a psychologist, about how Senior 3 students can release overwhelming stress. According to Professor Li, the main reason why Senior 3 students are suffering overwhelming stress is that most of them attach so much importance to the College Entrance Examination that they even look on it as their final goal. He suggests that Senior 3 students should take a positive attitude towards the exam. They had better do some exercise, which can be a helpful way to release their stress. Whats more, theyre supposed to keep a balanced diet and make sure that they have enough sleep.基础写作评分说明：基础写作主要考查学生的语言结构的应用能力，能够应用正确、规范的语言表达特定的内容。本试题要求学生根据所提供的信