高三英语解析情态动词内涵 准确应对高考题

解析情态动词内涵 准确应对高考题河北省迁安市第二中学 裴瑞红 邮政编码：064400E-mail: Tel:13739844418情态动词以其多变的情感内涵和丰富多彩的语气变化，一直备受高考的青睐。变幻莫测的语境加之情态动词用法的多变性，常常令考生感觉无所适从。细读高考试题，我们不难发现只要掌握情态动词考查特点以及特定内涵，应对高考就能够轻松自如。笔者就高考对情态动词的热点考查，归纳如下，以飨读者。一、 情态动词+动词原形此类题重点考查语气相近的情态动词本身的内涵，因此，学习情态动词不能只凭简单的汉语意思，要通过语境把握情态动词的情感色彩变化。高考中常考以下六个情态动词的用法：1. mustmust 用于肯定形式时，有这样几层内涵：1)表必要，“必须”；2)表推测，“一定，肯定”；3)表坚持，“非要，偏偏”。注意分清下列三种否定形式：mustnt 表“不许，禁止”； 表示“不必要”时，用neednt或dont have to；表示“不可能，一定不”时用cant。(1)(2020上海27. )When I was young, I was told that I _ play with matchesA. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darent解析：此题句子意思是：我小时候，被告知不许玩火柴。表示“不许”，答案是C。(2)(2020北京26.)In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you_ take care of your luggage. A can B may C must D. will解析：此题句子意思是：在机场火车站这样人多拥挤的地方，有必要照看好行李。表示“必要，必须”，答案是C。(3)(2020山东30.) -May I smoke here?- If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section.A. should B. could C. may D. must解析：此题句子意思是：如果你坚持要吸烟的话，到吸烟室去。表示坚持，“非要”，答案是D。(4)(2020广东22.)- Must he come to sign this paper himself?- Yes, he _.A. need B. must C. may D. will解析：此题句子回答上文是：他必须亲自来签字。表必要，“必须”，答案是B。2. cancan 在高考中常从以下几点来考查：1) 表示能力，常指具备一定的知识和技能；2) 表示许可，常用来表示允许对方做事情；3) 表示要求，请求，常用于问句征求意见；4) 常用于否定或问句表示可能性的推测；5) 用于描述特有的行为或情形，表示事实产生的一种可能性；6) 用于提出建议，表示在一定条件下可以做某事。(5)(2020福建24.) It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes.A. must B. can C. should D. would解析：此题意思是：我的家乡三月通常天气很暖和，但有时可能相当冷。描述家乡气候的特有情形，表示事实产生的一种可能性。答案是B。(6)(2020湖南28. )You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _find the book by the title.A. must B. need C. can D. would解析： 此题意思是：你查找书时不是必须知道作者的名字,你可以根据书名找到要找的书。用于提出建议，表示在一定条件下可以做某事。答案是C。(7)(2020浙江11. )You _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt解析： 此题意思是：两小时前刚吃过午饭，你不可能已经饿了。用于否定句表示推测，答案是B。(8)(2020湖南24.)The biggest problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.Ashant Bcant Cneednt Dmustnt解析： 此题意思是：对于大多数植物来说最大的问题是动物们喜欢吃掉植物，因为它们受到威胁时不能够站起来跑掉。表示能力，常指具备一定的技能。答案是B。(9)(2020全国II10.) We hope that as many people as possible join us for the picnic tomorrow.A. need B. must C. should D. can解析： 在动词hope后的宾语从句中，常用情态动词can, may 。答案是D。3. may表示可能性的一种推测。(10)(2020四川10. )Although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.A. must B. may C. shall D. should解析： 此题意思是：虽然看似可能是个简单任务，但当心还是很有必要的。答案是B。4. shall1)用于问句第一第三人称之前，征求对方意见，表示提供意见或建议，有时提议主动为对方做出事情；2)用于陈述句中，表示命令或指示，常指“命令，规定，要求，甚至威胁等。(11)(2020北京25. )Whats the name?Khulaifi. I spell that for you ?A. Shall B. Would C. Can D .Might解析：此题是一个问句，用于征求对方意见，提议主动为对方做出事情，所以答案是A。(12)(2020四川24.)-What does the sign over there read?-“No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.”Awill Bmay Cshall Dmust解析： 此题意思是：标志牌上写着：禁止吸烟或携带点燃的香烟。表示命令或指示，所以答案是C。5. should1) 表示试探性的推断，“按理，按说应该”2) 表示劝告或建议，“应该”(13)(2020全国I27)- Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?- It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted.A. will B. would C. should D. must解析： 此题意思是：当有人询问the North Lake 漂亮吗？回答说：按理应该很漂亮，但是却受到严重的污染。表示推断，所以答案是C。(14)(2020江苏21.)-I think Ill give Bob a ring.-You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages.A. will B. may C. have to D. should解析：此题由回答可见：你已经好几年没和鲍勃联系了，该给他打个电话。表示建议“应该”，所以答案是D。(15)(2020辽宁30.) Turn off the TV, Jack. _ your homework now? Mum, just ten more minutes, please.AShould you be doing BShouldnt you be doingCCouldnt you be doing DWill you be doing解析： 此题意思是：关掉电视，杰克，难道你就不该现在就做作业吗？表示劝告、建议。所以答案是C。6. will1) 用于祈使句的反意疑问句中；2) 用于祈使句的回答中；3) 句型：祈使句+and/ or/ otherwise+句子，句中常用情态动词will。(16)(2020全国II7. )We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, ?A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we解析：祈使句后的反意疑问句部分，除了 Lets , shall we? 外，一律用will you。所以答案是C。(17)(2020重庆32.)Mr. Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon. Dont you forget it!-OK,I .A. wont B. dont C. will D. do解析： 祈使句的回答，通常用will。肯定回答用I will。否定回答用I wont。此句回答是：好的，我不会忘的。所以答案是A。(18)(2020北京24.)-How can I apply for an online course?-Just fill out this form and we _ what we can do four you.Asee Bare seeing C have seen D. will see解析：此题考查祈使句+and +句子，通常在后面的句子中用will。所以答案是D。二、 情态动词+have done此类题目考查不同情态动词后接have done的不同意义。解这类题只需记住如下8个句型的汉语意思，然后结合所给的语境，问题就迎刃而解了。must have done 肯定已经做过某事may have done 可能已经做过某事might have done 或许已经做过某事cant have done(couldnt have done) 不可能已经做过某事could have done 本来能够做某事却没有做should (ought to) have done本来应该做某事却没有做shouldnt (oughtnt to ) have done 本来不应该做某事却做了neednt have done本来不必要做某事却做了切记：mustnt have done, need have done, can have done 不存在，在选项中出现是首先是排除对象。如果用于问句表示“可能”常用can。(19)(2020江西26. )What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he _ better.A. need have done B. must have doneC. can have done D. might have done解析：记清上面的句型和提示可知选项A C 本身是错误形式，首先排除。B. must have done表示肯定推测，根据句意表达一种可能性的推测，所以答案是D。(20)(2020江苏22.)- She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam.- I guess so. Its not difficult after all.A. should B. could C. must D. might解析：将选项与题意对应，A表示本来应该通过考试却没有；B表示本来能够通过考试却没有；C表示一定通过了考试；D表示可能通过了考试。句首表达的意思是：她很高兴说明已经通过了考试，所以答案是C。(21)(2020天津6.) She _ have left school, for her bike is still here.A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt解析：A 表示不可能已经离开学校；B是一个虚拟语气的表达；C表示本不该离开学校却离开了；D表示本不必要离开却离开了。与后文的“自行车仍在这”可知此题考查肯定推测“不可能”，所以，答案是A。(22)(2020重庆30. )-I cant find my purse anywhere.-You have lost it while shopping.A. may B. can C. should D. would解析： 此题考查表推测的句型。B. can have done是错误选项；D. would have done是一个虚拟语气的句型；C should have done 表示本来能够却没有，与句意不符；A表示可能购物时弄丢了钱包，符合句意，所以答案是A。(23)(2020浙江15.) -My cats really fat.- You _ have given her so much food.A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt解析：D. mustnt have done 是一个错误选项先排除；A. wouldnt have done 是虚拟句式的表达；B表示不可能做某事；句子表达“本不该喂猫那么多食物，实际已经喂过了”，符合题意，所以答案是C。(24)(2020江西24.) The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A. should have taken B. could have takenC. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken解析：选项D不存在，首先排除。句子表达“昨天天气不错，本不必要带伞”，考查不必要做却做了。所以答案是C。(25)(2020福建25.)My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where I have put it?A. canB. mustC. shouldD. would解析：此题是一个表推测的问句，选项A能表达此意，所以答案是A。(26)(2020陕西14.)I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there.AcouldBmustCmightDshould解析： A 表本来能够做却没有做；B表示一定已经做了；C表可能做了；D表示本应该做却没有做。原句表达的意思是“我告诉你的朋友如何去旅馆了，但我本应该开车带她去那了”。所以答案是D。三、 情态动词+动词原形与情态动词+have done同时出现在选项中情态动词+动词原形常用来指现在或将要发生的动作；情态动词+have done指动作发生在过去。因此，这类考题需要根据句中暗示的时间先排除与语境时间不符的选项，然后再根据意思做出最后选择。(27)(2020江苏35. )Im sorry. I _ at you the other day.Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.A. shouldnt shoutB. shouldnt have shoutedC. mustnt shoutD. mustnt have shouted解析：选项D不存在首先排除。由句中的the other day 判断，说明指过去发生的事情，而A C 表示现在或将来，所以答案是B，表示“不应该做却做了”。(28)(2020山东24. )Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you.A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed解析： 选项D不存在首先排除。句中的last week 表明事情发生在过去，所以，A错误，C could 是过去式，但could manage 并不能指过去发生的事情，而且这是一个否定前置的句子，表示“没有你我们不能完成这项工作”，所以答案B正确。(29)(2020江西27.)Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.You it in the wrong place.Amust put Bshould have put Cmight put Dmight have put解析： A C 表示现在或将来发生的事，与yesterday 不符，首先排除；B should have put 表示应该放错地方而没有，不合题意。所以答案是D，表推测“可能是放错地方了。”四、 虚拟语气中情态动词的考查情态动词should 常用在虚拟语气的特殊句型里，如：对将来事情的一种假设，在if条件句里要用should+动词原形。如果省略if 则将should 提到主语之前。(30)(2020湖北31.) fired, your health care and other benefits will be immediately cut off.A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be解析： 此题考查虚拟语气的特殊句式，所有的情态动词，只有should 可用于if 虚拟条件句的省略形式中。答案是B。五、 虚拟语气和真实语气相混合(31)(2020福建27.)If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party.A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not解析：此题从表面来看是一个虚拟语气的句子，但仔细分析发现句中的从句是一个事实：事实就是她不会唱歌。所以that引导从句是一个真实语气的句子，答案是C。六、测试平台1. (2020北京21. )John promised his doctor he _ not smoke, and he has smoked ever since.A. might B. should C. could D. would.2. (2020全国II17.) Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling.A. will B. can C. must D. may3. (2020陕西9. )What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?-Well, it be big-thats not important.A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. wont4. (2020辽宁22. )Peter _ be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.A. shallB. shouldC. canD. must5. (2020安徽23.)The teacher _ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him, I suppose.Ashould Bcan Cwould Dmust6. (2020宁夏27.)-Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?-It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted.Awill Bwould Cshould Dmust7. (2020上海29.) Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. Great! You read widely and put a lot of work into it.Amust Bshould Cmust have Dshould have8.( 2020重庆29.)-