高中英语Global Maternal Health in Crisis, Despite Progress英语听力

高中英语高中英语 GlobalGlobal MaternalMaternal HealthHealth inin Crisis,Crisis, DespiteDespite ProgressProgress 听力理解 Sunday, May 13, is Mothers Day in the United States. Its a special time to appreciate all that mothers do for our families and communities, and to be grateful for the health and well- being of those who gave us life. But in many parts of the world, adequate health care for mothers during their pregnancy and childbirth remains an elusive goal. No matter where a woman lives, becoming a mother poses a significant health risk. According to the Safe Motherhood Interagency Group, a coalition of United Nations and international health organizations, 15 percent of all pregnancies worldwide present complications serious enough to require professional health care at a modern clinic or a hospital. That is where women in the developing countries are at a huge disadvantage. “In Africa for example, we have a situation where that region accounts for about 13 percent of the global population; it accounts for about 25 percent of the world s maternal deaths, and it has about 3 percent of the worlds health workers.” Thats Ann Starrs of Family Care International, or FCI, a New York based non-profit group that promotes maternal health. Starrs cites three main reasons why women in the developing world lack the health care resources they need. “One is that a lot of the health workers have HIV AIDS, and they are dying themselves. Second, many of the health workers, particularly the ones with more advanced skillsmidwives, doctors and nurses are enticed off to England and other countries that offer them much higher pay than what they can get at home. And the third reason they are in such a shortage is simply because countries arent investing enough in training these kinds of personnel, and so there is not enough being produced for national needs even to begin with.” There are often cultural barriers too that prevent women from getting the health care they require. Says FCI program coordinator Elizabeth Westley “In some settings, women are not allowed to make decisions without participation from their husbands, so in a situation where a husband may be traveling, a woman would not be able to visit a health care setting until husband returns.” And Starrs adds, in some places, mothers in distress are actively prevented by their family members from seeking clinical help. “In many parts of Africa, for example, there is a very strong belief that if a woman has obstructed labor during childbirth, then that thats a sign that she was unfaithful to her husband and the family wont take her to a health facility until she has confessed the name of the man she cheated with. That kind of traditional value or belief is obviously a major obstacle to women accessing the services they desperately need at a time like that.” In some cultures, Starrs notes, mothers resist going to hospitals to give birth, because home births are a powerful traditional norm. In South Asia, health facilities are generally better than in Africa, but fewer women per capita use the medically trained attendants such as doctors and nurses that are available. Cultural mores can also play a significant role in whether mothers will choose to give birth in a clinical setting. In many indigenous cultures of Latin America, for example, mothers will not come to a hospital or clinical setting where traditional beliefs are not respectfully integrated into the care. One key to getting expectant mothers to clinics for care is to help local chiefs and other traditional authority figures to understand the benefits of professional health care, and to give it their blessing. Ann Starrs says that one place where FCI has had excellent results with this strategy is in the West African nation of Burkina Faso. “In just over two years, the percentage of women who deliver with a skilled attendant, (and) who delivered in a health facility, went from 25 percent when we first started, to 56 percent. So it more than doubled!” Infrastructure is also key to better maternal health. There must be usable roads, and enough fuel to transport mothers to the clinic, and clean, running water once they arrive. There must also be a dependable source of electricity for light and equipment. In many places, deliveries are lit by flashlight. FCI and other agencies are working to install solar power generators, especially in the sun-rich tropics, as one way to upgrade health facilities. Next October in London, FCI will hold an international conference called “Women Deliver” where politicians, donors, researchers, health advocates, and educators from around the world will address these and other issues, and draft a plan of action. Experts say the outlook is encouraging. In some countries, such as Honduras, Malaysia and Sri Lanka, maternal mortality rates have dropped by 50 to 75 percent over recent decades. Those are results that conference organizers intend eventually to match, or exceed, in every country in the world. Vocabulary |单词注释 Dictation Tips | 听力难点 account for 在此是构成的意思。另外，该词组还有以下的意思： a. 构成事情发生的主要原因 Bad weather accounted for the long delay. b. 为事件提供一个解释或辩护的理由 The suspect couldnt account for his time that night. 关于 account 的习语还有： on account of 因为 We got married on account of the baby. on（ones）own account 为了某人自己，独立地 He wants to work on his own account. Translation| 全文翻译 全球母亲健康状况虽有改善依然危机四伏 5 月 13 日星期天，美国的母亲节，在这个特殊的日子里，我们会感谢母亲为我 们的家庭和社会所做的一切。为给予我们生命的母亲的健康和幸福祝福。但在世界 许多地方，为怀孕和分娩中的母亲提供适当的卫生保健服务，依然是一个难以实现 的目标。 不管一个女人生活在哪里，做母亲都要承担很大的健康风险。根据平安母亲联 合组织（一个联合国和国际保健组织组成的联盟）提供的数据，全世界所有妊娠妇 女中，15%会出现医学并发症，严重到需要到现代化诊所或者医院接受专业的卫生 保健服务的程度。 发展中国家的妇女在这方面都遇到极大的困难。 “以非洲为例，那里的形势是， 人口约占全球总数的 13%，而母亲死亡的比例约占世界的 25%。拥有的卫生工作者 数量约只占世界的 3%。 ” 发言者是安斯塔尔，来自纽约一家非盈利组织国际家庭护理组织，简称 FCI，其宗旨是促进母亲健康。为什么发展中国家缺乏需要的卫生保健资源？斯塔 尔列举了 3 个主要原因：“一，很多卫生工作者自己患有艾滋病，他们中的许多人 自己都濒临死亡。二，很多卫生工作者，尤其是那些技术高超的人（比如助产士， 医生和护士） ，受诱惑到了英国和其他国家，因为他国提供的报酬远远高于在自己 国家得到的。第三个原因是这些国家的这类人才的培养上投入不足，所以，甚至从 一开始就没有培养出满足这些国家需要的人才。 ” 文化障碍也常常使妇女得不到需要的卫生保健服务。 “在某些地方，没有丈夫 的参与，妇女不允许自己做决定。 ”FCI 项目协调人伊丽莎白韦斯特利说：“所 以，如果碰巧丈夫出门在外，妇女只有等丈夫回家，她才能去卫生保健机构。 ” 斯塔尔补充说，在一些地方，家庭成员会主动阻止困境中的母亲就医， “比如 非洲一些地方，他们坚信如果分娩过程中遇到难产，那是她不忠实于自己的丈夫 的信号 ，在她坦白说出通奸者姓名之后，家人才会将她送去就医。很明显， 这种传统价值观或者信仰使妇女在类似这种情形下，无法得到急需的服务。 ” 在一些地方，母亲们抵制去医院生孩子的做法，因为在家里生孩子仍然是一种 强有力的传统做法。在南亚，医疗卫生条件普遍好于亚洲，但动用经过医学训练的 医生和护士的妇女比例却更低。尽管这里并不缺乏医生和护士。 文化传统可能也是母亲选择是否在临床环境生孩子的重要原因。比如，在拉丁 美洲的许多本土文化里，母亲不会到在护理中不尊重传统信仰的医院或者诊所生孩 子。 让待产妇到诊所接受诊治的关键之一，是帮助当地酋长及其他传统权威人士了 解专业卫生保健的好处，让他们为之祝福。 安斯塔尔说 FCI 采用该策略取得显著成效的一个地方是在西非国家布基纳法 索。 “才用了两年多一点的时间，由熟练的助理护士接生和在医疗机构生孩子的妇 女比例就从我们开始实施项目时的 25%上升到了 56%。因此，这一比例上升了两倍 多！” 基础设施也是改善母亲卫生健康状况的关键。必须有可用的道路，足够的燃料 转运母亲到诊所，她们一到医疗机构就要有清洁的自来水，还必须有可靠的电源为 照明和设备供电，许多地方，分娩是用电筒照明。FCI 和其他机构正在开展工作， 为那里安装太阳能发电机，特别是光照充足的热带地方，作为改进卫生设施的一个 办法。 明年 10 月，FCI 将要在伦敦召开一个名为“妇女分娩”的国际会议，届时来自 全世界的政治家、捐款人、研究人员、卫生工作支持者和教育工作者将就这个话题 和其他问题发言，并起草一个行动计划。 专家对此持谨慎乐观态度。有些国家比如洪都拉斯、马来西亚和斯里兰卡产妇 死亡率最近十年来下降了 50%75%，这是会议组织者打算在世界上每个国家最终实 现或者超过的目标。 Exercises |即听即练 1. No matter where a woman lives, becoming a mother poses a significant _. According to the Safe Motherhood Interagency Group, a coalition of United Nations and international health organizations, 15 percent of all _present medical complications that are serious enough to require _at a modern clinic or a hospital. 2. According to Ann Starrs, women in the developing world lack health care resources for the following reasons EXCEPT: A. a lot of the health workers are dying because of HIV AIDS. B. husbands prevent th