江苏省高邮市送桥中学高中英语 Unit1 Laughter is good for you Grammar导学案1（无答案）牛津译林版选修6

M6 Unit 1 Laughter is good for youGrammar and Usage（1）Learning aims（学习目标）：To have a general idea of infinite, verb-ing and verb-ed.Important points (学习重点)：1. To understand the definition of infinite, verb-ing and verb-edDifficult points（学习难点）:To put them into use.Learning guide（方法导引）: copy and recite.Preview navigation（预习导航）：Can you find out correct answers to the following sentences?1. My cousin came to see me from the country, me a full basket of fresh fruits A. brought B. bringingC. to bring D. had brought2. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one . A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed3. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again. A. getsB. got C. to get D. getting4. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _.A. to useB. to be used C. to have used D. to be usingStep1: Explanation: to get to know the use of infinite, verb-ing and verb-ed as you can. 1. 分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词构成为V+ing, 过去分词构成为V+ed。分词也有一般式、过去式、完成式及主动和被动等各种形式。to do也有多种形式2. 现在分词和过去分词以及to do的区别1) 在时态上，现在分词表示正在进行，而过去分词表示已经完成，to do表示将来。Developing countries 发展中国家The developed countries 发达国家Boiling water 沸腾的水Boiled water 开水water to boil 将要沸腾的水 to do 在做定语时，通常放在单词的后面2) 在语态上，现在分词表示主动，而过去分词表示被动。The oppressing class 压迫阶级The oppressed class 被压迫阶级Burning fire 燃烧的火焰Burned skin 烧伤的皮肤3. 分词的时态与语态1) 一般式（主动、被动）分词的一般式的主动式所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。其被动式表示这个动作正在发生或与谓语动作同时发生，主要作定语、状语或宾补, to do表示动作发生在主句的将来。E.g. When I entered the room, I found him reading. 当我进入房间时，我发现他在读书。I found the flowers _. 我发现花已浇过了。The building being repaired is a hospital. 正在修建的建筑物是一家医院。He found the matter being talked everywhere. 他发现到处都在谈论这件事。_ _, the enemy were forced to put down their guns. 敌人被包围，不得不缴械投降。He finished his work on time to get back home earlier. 他及时完成工作为了能够早点回家。2) 完成式（主动、被动）分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。完成时态的分词在句中常作状语，一般不作定语。E.g. Not having made adequate preparation, we postponed the sports meet.由于没做好充分的准备，我们推迟了运动会。_ _ _ such a good chance, how could he give it up?给了这样好的机会，他怎能放弃呢？3) 现在分词的被动式与过去分词的区别过去分词表示动作已完成，不强调时间概念，而现在分词的被动式强调某一动作正在进行中。E.g. The building repaired is library. 修建过的那个建筑物是我们的图书馆。The building _ _ is our library. 正在修建的那个建筑物是我们的图书馆。4) 延续性动词和终止性动词的现在分词在时间含义上的区别延续性动词的现在分词结构相当于一个过去进行时时态的句子，而终止性动词的现在分词结构相当于一个一般过去时的从句。E.g. Walking in the street the other day (=While I was walking in the street the other day), I came across an old friend of mine. 那天我在马路上走时，突然碰到了我的一个老朋友。Arriving at the airport (=When I arrived at the airport), I found my light had taken off.到达机场时，我发现我的班机已经起飞了。4. 分词的独立结构分词（短语）作状语时，尽管在形式上它没有主语，但其逻辑上的主语必须和谓语动词的主语保持一致。E.g. Studying in the college (=When I studied in the college), I learned a lot from my teachers.在大学学习时，我从老师那里学到了很多东西。但是，分词有时也有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为分词的独立结构。它可以表示时间，原因，条件，伴随的动作，有时还可用介词with, without 来引导。E.g. His mother being ill, he is absent today. 他的母亲病了，他今天没来。（原因）_ _, they will start to do a new job. 如果时间允许，他们会开始做一项新工作。（条件）He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他满脸是汗地冲进了房间。（伴随）They traveled a whole day, without any food eaten. 他们饿着肚子旅行了一整天。（伴随）注意：分词用于独立结构时，如果分词是being, having been done形式时，没有实际意义的being或having been可以省略。E.g. The old man was in a bad condition, his temperature (being) over 40 and his pulse (being) weak and rapid. 那位老人处于不好的状况，他的体温超过40，脉搏既弱又快。The report (having been) read, a discussion began. 读完报告，开始讨论。The experiment (having been) finished, we left the lab and went home. 实验结束后，我们离开了实验室回家了。Step2: Please finish the exercises of Part A and Part B on page 9.Step3: ConsolidationPlease choose the right answer to fill in the blank.1. Dont respond to any e-mails personal information, no matter how official they look. A. searching B. asking C. requesting D. questioning2. _for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed3. It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any consideration. A. to acceptB. acceptC. acceptingD. acceptedPlease complete the sentences below:1. _ (由于已经被翻译成多种外语), the book is popular all over the world.2. The students went out