高中英语 Unit 4 Earthquakes同步练习 新人教版必修1（通用）

2020学年高一英语必修1（人教版）同步练习 Unit 4 Earthquakes一、教学内容必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes（一）重点单词（二）重点短语（三）重点句型二、知识精讲（一）重点单词：1. burst(1) vi.破裂,爆炸例：Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.水管在寒冷的天气里经常爆裂。（2）vt.突破，冲撞例：They burst the door open.他们把门撞开了。（3）n.某事的突然爆发a burst of . 一阵例：a burst of laughter /anger /applause一阵笑声/怒火 /掌声知识拓展：burst into + n. = burst out + v.-ing 突然做某事例：burst into laughter/tears =burst out laughing/ crying突然大笑/大哭典型例题：One minute she burst into _ and the next burst out _- We just couldnt catch her mood at any moment.A. crying, laughter B. tears, laughingC. tears, laughter D. crying, laughing答案：B2. ruin(1) n. 毁灭，崩溃，废墟，遗迹例：The war brought ruin to the country.战争给国家带来了毁灭。常构成短语：in ruins 破败不堪；成为废墟例：The earthquake left the whole town in ruins.那次地震过后，全城到处是一片废墟。（2）v. 毁坏，使破产例：I was ruined by that law case.我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。It poured with rain and my dress was ruined.大雨倾盆，我的连衣裙已被淋得不成样子了。典型例题：“After World War II, many of the cities across western European countries _,” our guide said.A. lied in ruin B. lied in ruins C. lay in ruins D. lying in ruins答案：C3. injure v. 损害，伤害例：Smoking will injure your health吸烟会损害你的健康。知识拓展：injury n.injured adj. 受伤的；受损坏的the injured 受伤的人；伤员辨析：injure; hurt; woundhurt使受伤；使疼痛；伤害；使伤心。一般用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害，还可用作vi.动词，意为“疼痛、惹起痛苦”。例：What he said hurt me deeply.他说的话使我非常伤心。It hurts when I move my leg.我的腿一动就疼。wound指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤，尤指在战争中，战斗中受伤。例：He got wounded in the fighting.他在战斗中受了伤。injure一般指由于意外或事故而受伤。例：He was badly injured in the accident.他在这次事故中受了重伤.典型例题：They tried to prevent their cows from _.A. injury B. injuring C. being injured D. hurting答案：C4. shock(1) n. 震惊，打击，休克例：They will get a shock when they get this bill.他们收到这份账单时一定会大吃一惊。The news of his mothers death was a terrible shock to him.他母亲去世的消息使他非常震惊。知识拓展：in shock处于休克状态(2) v. (使）震惊，震动常构成短语：be shocked at sth. 因而感到震惊be shocked to do sth 对做某事感到震惊It shocks sb. to do sth.使某人震惊例：He was shocked by what you said.他对你说的话感到震惊。He was shocked to know his son playing all day. 知道他的儿子整天玩耍他大为震惊。It shocked me to see how my neighbors treated their children.看到邻居们如此对待他们的孩子，使我十分震惊。典型例题：All of the people present felt _ at the _ news.A. shocked; shockingB. shocking; shockedC. shocking; shockingD. shocked; shocked答案：A5. rescue vt.n. 营救,援救常构成短语：come to ones rescue前来营救某人rescue from 把从营救/解救出来例：They rescued him from danger他们把他从危险中解救出来。The rescue team made ten rescues in a week.救援队一个星期之内进行了10次救援。6.bury v. 埋葬;隐藏；使沉浸（或专心于）例：She buried her face in her hands and wept.她双手掩面哭了起来。知识拓展：be buried in sth. / bury oneself in sth. 埋头于或专心致志于某事例：In the evenings he buries himself in his books.每天晚上他都埋头读书。7. damage v. n. 损失；损害常构成短语：do/cause damage to 对造成损害/损失例：The accident did a lot of damage to the car.这一事故把汽车损坏得很厉害。辨析：destroy, ruin, damagedestroy: 毁灭；摧毁；毁坏；破坏。表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上彻底摧毁，使之无法复原，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。例：An atom bomb would destroy a city. 一颗原子弹可以摧毁一座城市。ruin: 败坏，毁坏，崩溃的状态。 指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次的打击结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。例：She ruined his prospects.她毁了他的前途damage: 损害；损毁（使失去价值）。一般指对物体或生命的局部损坏。例：The car was badly damaged in the accident.汽车在这次事故中严重损毁。即学即用：(1) The building was completely by the fire.(2) My car was badly _in the accident and it is being repaired in the garage.(3) He wanted to become a university student, but his fathers death _ his hope.A. ruined B. destroyed C. damaged答案：BCA8. frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬例：Sorry, I didnt mean to frighten you.对不起，没想到吓到你了。知识拓展：frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的（常与人，目光，表情，声音等连用）frightening adj.令人恐惧的（常用来修饰物）类似用法的单词还有: interested ; interesting / surprised ; surprising/ amazed ; amazing / amused ; amusing/ satisfied; satisfying/ shocked ; shocking 等等。典型例题：The stranger said something in a _voice and the little girl was very much_.A. frightening; frightened B. frightened; frighteningC. frightening; frightening D. frightened; frightened答案：A9. judge(1) n. 法官，裁判He is as serious as a judge.他像法官一样严肃。(2) v. 断定；判断；判决常构成短语：judge from/ by 根据判断/ 断定judging from/ by根据判断/ 断定（注意: judging from/ by根据判断/ 断定 只可作状语.）例：We should never judge a person by/from his appearances.我们不应以貌取人。Judging from/ by previous experience, he will be late.根据以往的经验来看，他得迟到。典型例题：_ his accent, he is from the south of China.A. Judged by B. Judging to C. To be judged by D. Judging by答案：D（二）重点短语1. Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.想像一下你的房子开始晃动，并且你必须马上离开。 right away 马上，立刻例：Ill return the book right away. 我马上把书还回去。知识拓展：英语表达“马上，立刻”有以下几种：right now; at once; in no time; without delay ; immediately典型例题：The work must be done_.A. right away B. right nowC. at once D. all the above答案：D2. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events ,were asleep as usual that night.但是那天晚上，城市的100万人口并没有把这些事件当回事，并且像往常那样去睡觉了。 think little of =think not much /poorly of 不重视，评价低例：He thought little of my advice, which made me very angry.他对我的建议很不重视,这让我非常生气。知识拓展：think highly/a lot / much of 高度评价think of as 把看作think of 想起think about 考虑think over 慎重考虑典型例题：Though some foreign scientists had a _ opinion of his new invention, his fellow workers never thought _ of it.A. highly; low B. low; high C. high; highly D. poor; highly答案：C3. It seemed as if the world was at an end.似乎世界要结束了。 as if = as though 似乎；仿佛；好像例：He behaved as if nothing had happened.他表现得若无其事。It sounds as though you had a good time.听起来你好像过得挺愉快。注意：as if = as though 后的时态变化。 at an end: 结束，终结例：We were very happy when the work was at an end.工作结束的时候，我们都非常高兴。知识拓展：at the end of 在末端/末段（既表时间，也表地点）by the end of“到结束的时候”in the end“最后、终于”典型例题：We discussed where to go for a whole morning, but we decided to stay at home_.A. at the end B. by the end C. in the end D. on end答案：C4. Sand now filled the wells instead of water.井里满是沙子，而不是水。 instead of代替某人，某事。例：She wanted to go to see a film instead of staying at home.她想去看电影，而不愿留在家里。Parents should give their children more advice instead of money.父母应当给孩子更多的忠告，而不是金钱。辨析：instead of; insteadinstead和instead of都有“代替”的含义。instead of是介词短语，其后要接名词、代词或动名词等。而instead是副词，一般不跟其他成分，通常放在句末或句首。例：If you are not free，you may come another day instead.要是你没有时间，改日再来吧。He didnt reply. Instead , he turned away and left.他没有回答，反而转身离开了。典型例题： Did you go to the zoo? No, some of us went to the park _ the zoo. The others went to the cinema _.A. instead; instead B. instead of; instead ofC. instead of; instead D. instead; instead of答案：C5. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 救援人员组成小分队，将被困的人挖出来，将死者掩埋。 dig out 掘出；发现 the dead 死难者。形容词或分词前加the 表示同一类人或物，谓语动词常用复数形式。类似的词还有：the young / old ; the poor / rich ; the injured ; the wounded ; the living；the dying 垂死的人例：The young are happy to give their seats to the old.年轻人很乐意给老年人让座。典型例题：_ were sent to hospital and the _ were buried.A. The injury, the death B. The injuring, the dyingC. The injured, the dead D. The injured, the died答案：C（三）重点句型1. It seemed as if the world was at an end.似乎世界末日来临。It seemed as if “似乎，好像”例：It always seemed as though they would get married.他们一直仿佛是要结婚似的。知识拓展：seem为系动词，常构成短语：seem + (to be ) + adj./n.seem + to doseem + like + n.It seems/seemed (to sb.) + that-clause= seem + to do例：Our English teacher seems to be a kind man.我们的英语老师似乎很好。It seems that I have seen her before.= I seem to have seen her before.好像我以前见过她。It seems like years since we last met.自从我们上次见面似乎已经好多年了。典型例题：_ have known the results of the exam.A. It seemed to B. It seemed to him toC. He seemed that he D. He seemed to答案：D2. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.有三分之二的人在地震中受伤或死亡。90 % of its homes were gone .90%的家都不存在了。 分数、百分数作主语，谓语动词要根据分数、百分数代表的量是可数名词还是不可数名词而定。例：50% of the students in our class are girls.我们班50%的学生是女生。Two-thirds of the earth surface is covered with water.地球表面的三分之二是水。典型例题：_ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; isD. Two fifths; are答案：C3. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. 伤员或死者的数量超过40 万。 the number of 的数字；数量The number of the competitors is limited.参赛者的数量是有限的。 a number of 大量；许多He worked there for a number of years.他在那里工作了许多年。知识拓展：英语中修饰可数名词，表示“许多”的表达有很多：a large /great/good number ofa great/ good manya good few/ quite a fewmany a + 单数n. (谓语单数）典型例题：Many a student _failed in the exam.A. have B. has C. is D. are答案：B4. All hope was not lost.不是所有希望都破灭了。 allnot = not all该句为部分否定当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not在什么位置，都表示部分否定。Not both of them are teachers.= Both of them are not teachers.她们两个不都是老师。知识拓展：表示全部肯定的表达：all, both, everyone, everybody, everything以及“every+名词”；表示全部否定：no one, neither；none, nobody, nothing, notany, 以及“no+名词”典型例题：“Not all of the dinosaurs (恐龙) were dangerous”. This sentence means _.A. none of the dinosaurs were dangerous.B. all of the dinosaurs were not dangerous.C. few of the dinosaurs were dangerous.D. no dinosaurs were dangerous答案：B5. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines.在城市的北部，一万名矿工中的大多数人从矿井中被救出。 to the north of the city在城市的北部to表示在境外，不接壤；Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东面。（指在中国境外）知识拓展：in表示“在其中”，on表示接壤。China lies in the east of Asia.中国位于亚洲东部。China faces the Pacific on the east.中国东临太平洋。（指东部境界与太平洋相接）典型例题：Beijing lies _ the north of China.A. off B. to C. in D. on答案：C本单元其他的重要短语：thousands of . 成千上万tens of thousands of 数以万计的blow away 吹走fall down 倒塌，下落be trapped 受困the rescue workers 救援人员bury the dead 掩埋死者be pleased to do sth. 高兴做某事the speaking competition 演讲比赛be proud of 对感到骄傲would like to do sth. 想要做某事invite sb to do sth. 邀请某人做某事Unit 4语法：The Attributive Clause（1）预习导学（一）观察下列句子，试着总结关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as 引导的定语从句的用法。1. (1) But the one million people of the city , who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.(2) The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400, 000.(3) The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. who在从句中充当主语，可以引导限定性和非限定性定语从句。在第一个句子中，who引导非限定性定语从句。第二和第三个句子中， who引导的是限定性定语从句2. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometres away. which 在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。指物时在限定性定语从句中可与that相互替换，但在非限定性定语从句中，只能用which，不能用that。本句中，which引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语，不可替换为that。3. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses ,roads and canals.that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。本句中that引导限定性定语从句， 指物，作主语，可与which替换。4. another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 本句中which引导限定性定语从句，指物，作主语，可替换为that。5. (1) It was a city whose hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.(2) Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物。第一个句子中，whose指物，第二个句子中，whose指人。6. Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write . whom在从句中作宾语，指人，在口语中who 也可作宾语， 两者可以互换。7. There is no such people as you describe.As we all know, the earth is round. as 既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。第一个句子中as引导限定性定语从句，作宾语。第二个句子中，as引导非限定性定语从句，作主语。（二）思考1. 什么是限定性定语从句？什么是非限定性定语从句？2. 在定语从句中只能用which来引导定语从句的情况有哪些？3. 在定语从句中只能用that来引导定语从句的情况又有哪些？4. 在定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词用who而不用that的情况有哪些？【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）一、单项选择1. I will go shopping with her _my mother.A. instead of B. instead C. in fact D. instead with*2. When the girl learnt that her boy friend was _ in the earthquake, she _.A. injured, burst in tear B. killed, burst into tearsC. still alive, burst in tears D. missing, burst into laughter3. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _ they are different from your own.A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though4. Dont expect too much of him. He is learning _ French language just for _ fun of it.A. the, the B. the, / C. a, the D. /, /5. The governor is _ to accept the invitation.A. pleased B. pleasingC. pleasantD. pleasure6. We offered our congratulations _ his passing the college entrance exams.A. at B. on C. for D. of7. _ students are practising _ English with each other at the English corner.A. A number of; speakingB. A great deal of; spokenC. A great many; spokenD. The number of; to speak*8. He wanted to have some more bread but there was left.A. nothing B. none C. no one D. something*9. Her brother prefers _ basketball to _ music.A. to play; listen to B. to play; listening toC. playing; listening to D. playing; to listen*10. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up_ I could answer the phone.A. asB. sinceC. untilD. before*11. Are you serious? Dont pull my leg. Which of the following phrases can replace the underlined part?A. have fun B. listen carefullyC. joke with me D. stand in the way12. It was _ to see so many _ people in a small town.A. amazing; amazing B. amazing; amazedC. amazed; amazed D. amazed; amazing*13. I believe _ youve done your best and _ things will improve very soon.A whether; that B /; that C that; which D if; that*14. Which driver was to blame?Why, _! It was the childs fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars.A. both B. each C. either D. neither15. Clearly, he cant speak English _ making mistakes.A. if B. not C. without D. instead of*二、完形填空A man was driving at 70 miles in a 40-mile zone, when a 16 came behind him. Right away the man started thinking of 17 to give.As the policeman came to him, he said, “Hi, officer, I guess you 18 me a little bit over the speed limit. I was in a rush to get 19 , to be with my wife and kids. You know my younger son wasnt feeling too 20 when I left home this morning. Im afraid hes ill.”The policeman said, “ Well, I guess so,” and started 21 something in his notebook. As minutes went by, he could see from the side view mirror, the policeman was 22 writing. When the man was wondering why he didnt asked for his driving 23 so far, the policeman came to his window, 24 him a piece of paper, and returned to his car without saying a single word. The man wondered: how much was this 25 going to be ? However, the man was 26 it was not a ticket at all and he began to 27:“ I had a daughter who was 28 by a speeding car at the age of six by a speeding driver. He got a fine, a few months in 29 , and then was free, free to hug his two daughters. I only had one, and now I have to 30 until I get to heaven before I can hug her again. I have tried to 31 that man a thousand times, and I thought I had. Maybe I really did forgive (原谅) him. So pray (祈祷) for me, and be 32 when you drive again. My son is all I have been left with.”The man was completely 33 and could not move for the next few minutes. When finally he did, he drove 34 , even a few miles 35 the speed limit, praying for forgiveness.16. A. truck B. mail car C. police car D. taxi17. A. excuses B. information C. advice D. views18. A. remembered B. recognized C. mistook D. caught19. A. to school B. home C. out D. to hospital20. A. well B. happy C. free D. healthy21. A. writing B. looking for C .listing D. looking up22. A. even B. really C. still D. never23. A. speed B. license C. skill D. route24. A. sent B. handed C. rewarded D. pushed25. A. paper B. note C. ticket D. notice26. A. excited B. upset C. angry D. surprised27. A. laugh B. smile C. read D. think28. A. hit B. knocked C. trapped D. killed29. A. fear B. trouble C. prison D. danger30. A. wait B. stay C. remain D. escape31. A. attack B. forgive C. educate D. support32. A. honest B. thankful C. patient D. careful33. A. disappointed B. nervous C. shocked D. frightened34. A. quickly B. slowly C. fortunately D. happily35. A. under B. over C. to D. with三、阅读理解*ANo one wants to look silly or do the wrong thing at a new job. It is important to make the right impressionnot the wrong onefrom the very first day. You will face new people. You will be in a new place. It may be difficult to know what to do. Here are several tips to help you make it through the first days at a new job:First impressions can last forever. Make sure you make a good one. Before your first day, find out if your new job has a dress code. If so, be sure to follow it. No matter what, always be neat and clean.Get to work on time. Employers value employees who come to work right on time. Give yourself an extra 15 minutes to make sure you arrive on time.Pay attention to introductions. One of the first things that your supervisor may do is to introduce you to co-workers will be important to you. They are the ones who will ans