专四作文开头结尾的写法PPT课件

.,1,Waystobeginanessay,.,2,1.背景介绍法,TEM4的命题特征之一是给出一小段的背景介绍。这段介绍自然不可以原封不动地照抄在答题纸上，但若对此进行加工改写，也不失为一个不错的开头。如2002年命题部分的背景介绍:,.,3,修改命题背景介绍的语言,Directions:Nowadayspeoplearebecomingincreasinglyawareoftheimportanceofhealth.Andtheyhavedifferentwaystostayhealthy.Forexample,someexerciseeveryday;otherstrytokeepabalanceddiet.Whatdoyouthinkisthebestwaytostayhealthy?Example:Beginning:Today,withtheimprovementoflivingstandard,peopleattachmoreandmoreimportancetohealth.Theyaretryingtofindvariouswaystokeephealthy.Somedophysicalexerciseseveryday,butotherspreferkeepingabalanceddiet.AsfarasIamconcerned,doingphysicalexercisesisabetterchoicetostayhealthy.考生对命题背景介绍的语言稍加修改，原义维持不变，最后一句提出自己的观点。,.,4,2005,Directions:TheStudentsUnionofyouruniversityisplanningtoholdanartsfestivalnextsemester,andtheyareinvitingstudentstocontributetheirideasandsuggestionsastohowitshouldbeorganizedorwhatshouldbeincluded.Beginning:Imexcitedthatourschoolwillholdanartsfestival.Ibelieveitwillbetoallthestudentslikingasitcandefinitelymakeourdulllivesmorecolourful.Mysuggestiontotheartfestivalistoholdapaintingcompetition.,.,5,2.先抑后扬法,顾名思义，抑扬是对立的，文章的开篇也会提出两种对立的观点。先抑即提出反方的观点，做出肯定的评价，后扬即笔锋一转，回到自己的观点上。如2004年话题:WillPhonesKillLetterWriting?Nowadaysyoungpeopletendtophonemoreoftenthanwritetoeachother.So,somesaythatphoneswillkillletterwriting.Thoughphonesaremoreconvenientthanletterwriting,inmyopinion,phoneswillnotkillletterwriting.,.,6,2007:IsItWisetoMakeFriendsOnline?,AwonderfulWorldappearsbeforeyouwhenyouclickthemouseonInternet.Thebenefitsofithaveobviouslymadeourdailylifemorecolorful,amazingandexciting.Thereisalsothefactthatmillionsofyoungpeoplehavemadefriendsonline.However,inmyview,itsbetterandwisertomakefriendsinreallife.,.,7,3.引经据典法,引用一些谚语、格言、名人名言能有力地充实作者的观点。如2001年话题:TravelBroadenstheMind。AsaChineseoldgoes,travelingtenthousandmilesandreadingtenthousandbooksisthetopidealforpeople.Traveldoesbroadenourmind.Itenablesustoappreciatebeautifulscenery,valuethecultureandcustomsofapeopleandlearnthehistory.,.,8,TheBestWaytoStayHealthyAsapopularsayinggoes,“Healthisbetterthanwealth.Healthnowadayshasbeenattachedgreatimportancetoespeciallyinsuchaquickfixsociety.Astothewaystokeephealthy,somepeoplepreferkeepingabalanceddiet,whileotherspreferdoingphysicalexercise.Ibelievethatdoingphysicalexerciseisthebestwaytokeephealthy.,.,9,4.提问回答法,这一方法首先以提问的方式提出论题越，然后以回答的方式给自己的观点TheBestWaytoStayHealthy(2002)Nowadays,thedesireforgoodhealthisuniversal.Youcannotexaggeratetheimportanceofgoodhealthtoomuch.Whatdoyouthinkisthebestwaytokeephealthy?AsfarasIamconcerned,thebestwaytokeephealthyistodevelopagoodqualityofmind.TheImportanceofKeepingaGoodMood(2003)Pressureseemstobeanaturalpartofourdailylifeinthecompetitivesociety.Weliveundergreatpressurefromeducation,careerandfamilies.Howcanwelivehappylives?Ithinkitisimportantthatwekeepagoodmoodunderwhatevercircumstances.,.,10,5.综合运用法,WillPhonesKillLetterWriting?Nowadaysaspeopleattachmoreandmoreimportancetothespeed,phonesarebecomingpopular.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatmakingaphonecallisfarmoreconvenientandmuchfasterthanspendinghourswritingalongletter.Butwillphoneskillletterwriting?AsfarasIamconcerned,IthinkletterWritingcanneverbereplaced.,.,11,有用句型,引入话题句型A.单一型Thereisageneraldiscussiontodayontheissueof().Thereismuchdiscussionnowadaysastotheproblemof（）Thesedaysweoftenhearabout().Thereisagrowingawarenessthat()Neverinhistoryhastheideaof()beenmoreevident.Notlongago,someone(didsomething).Thecaseisnotrare.Ithasnowdrawnmuchattentiontotheissueof().,.,12,B分歧Whenitcomesto(),mostpeoplebelievethat(),butotherpeopleas().Whenaskedabout(),thevastmajorityofpeoplesaythat(),butotherpeopleviewitas().Whenfacedwith(),quiteafewpeopleclaimthat(),butotherpeoplethinkofitas().Thereisapubliccontroversynowadaysovertheissueof().Thosewhocriticizeitarguethat(),butpeoplewhofavorit,ontheotherhand,arguethat(）,.,13,陈述观点句型,A直接型Asfaras()isconcerned,Iholdtheopinionthat().Formypart,Ithink().Ifindthestatementof()tobetoonarrow.Inmyopinionitismoreadvisableto.thanto.,.,14,B选择型Onthequestionofwhetheritisbetterto.or.,Ihaveforalongtimeadmittedthat().Somesay,butotherstakeanegativeattitude.Inmyopinion,Iarguethat().Somepeopleholdtheopinionthat.issuperiorto.inmanyways.Others,however,thinkquitedifferentlyonthequestion.Personally,Isidewith.,.,15,C同意型Somepeopleadvocatethat().Myopinionisidenticalwiththeirs.,.,16,D反对型Now,itiscommonlybelievedthat.,butIwonderwhether.Now,itiswidelyheldthat.,butIdoubtwhether.Althoughsomepeoplebelievethat.,Iwonderwhethertheargumentbearscloseexamination.Althoughmanypeoplebelievethat.,Idoubtwhethertheargumentbearsmuchanalysis.Despitethefactthatmostpeople.,Iwouldliketochoose().,.,17,如何结尾,.,18,1.总结重申法,作文命题往往要求考生在引论中表明自己的观点。在撰写结尾时可以总结全文并重申引论中的观点。当然重申不代表简单的重复，因此建议用另外的表达方式来道明作者的观点，以避免单调。,.,19,MyIdeaofaUniversityArtsFestival.Beginning:Isuggestthattheartsfestivalbemadeupofvariouspartswhicharethetypicalformsofcollegeactivitiessuchasperformance,forumsandlecturesonart.End:Inaword,thefestivalshouldbeofgreatcontentsandproperforms.Differentpartsandformsaregoingtomakeitawonderfulartsfestival.,.,20,TheBestWaytoStayHealthyBeginning:Nowadayspeoplearebecomingincreasinglyawareoftheimportanceofhealth.Andtheyhavedifferentwaystostayhealthy.Forexample,someexerciseeveryday;otherstrytokeepabalanceddiet.Formypart,thebestwaytvstayhealthyisthecombinationofproperphysicalexercisebalanceddiet.End:Allinall,Ibelievethebestwaytokeephtistakingproperphysicalexerciseplusstayingonabalanceddiet.Neitherisdispensableifwearetoenjoysustainablehealth.注意变换词语,.,21,引申主题法,此方法是在重申主题的基础上更进一步地深化主题,包含新的、同时又与话题相关信息。,.,22,WillPhonesKillLetterWriting?Thereseemstobeafashionnowadays,especiallyamongtheyoungpeople,tophoneeachothermoreoftenthanwriteletters,whichhasbeenthetraditionalwayofcommunicationsincetheearlypartofhumanhistory.Nevertheless,Idonotsidewiththeideathatphonesaregoingcokillletterwriting.However,Iamnotsuggestingthatweshouldabandonthephoneforletterwriting.Actually,theyarebothimportanttousandneitherwillkilltheother.Diversityofthecommunicationmeansisjustthereflectionofthehugeprogressofhumancivilization.,.,23,SavingMoneyorUsingTomorrowsMoneyTosumup,usingtomorrowsmoneyiscapableofsupplyingmutualbenefitsforpeopleandnation.However,wemustlaystressOnthemeasureofusingtomorrowsmoney,whichisntfarbeyondourability.,.,24,建议愿望法,顾名思顾名思义，这种方法的特点是作者在阐述完自己的观点之后对读者提小建议、呼吁或表达自己表达自己的愿望，有时候会使用祈使语气。,.,25,Tosumup,extracurricularactivitiesarehelpfulandnecessarytocollegestudents.Buttheproblemistoomanyclasseshavetakenuptoomuchofstudentstime.SoIsuggestitisthetimethatwetooksomereformontheschoolsteachingplan.Wehavetoadmitthat,tosomedegree,whatstudentsachieveoutsidetheclassarenolessthanw