中考英语 任务型阅读理解技巧点拨（通用）

任务型阅读理解技巧点拨任务型阅读是阅读理解题的一种衍生题型，考生既要通过阅读对所给文章的细节和主旨理解清楚，也要用文字表达出对文章的理解，是一种由阅读理解向书面表达过渡的题型，因此它属于读写结合题。任务型阅读的题目设置多样化，有填图表、回答问题、完成总结、填空、翻译等，考查多种能力，但侧重考查的是语篇分析应用能力，即把从阅读中获得的信息应用在回答题目中。在实际解题中，可以采取“四读”的方法：读题目、读大意、读细节、读答案。一、读题目认真仔细阅读题目，区分答题重点是主旨大意还是细节信息，再根据题目要求有目的地进行下一步的文本阅读，对题目类型和特点的关注也将出现在第四步的读答案中。二、读大意主要运用快速阅读(skimming)的能力，扫视文章大意，了解文章的基本信息及文体类型，弄清楚是记叙文、议论文还是说明文以及作者的写作目的与态度等，为下一步完成任务作铺垫。三、读细节根据题目寻找关键词，如动词或名词，并以这些关键词为线索，到原文中去寻找相关的句子和原始信息。试题结构与文本顺序大体一致，理清文章结构会更便于搜索细节信息。四、读答案依据查询到的原文相关信息，仔细对照题目进行比对，落实目标答案，再检查答案的语法形式是否准确，如时态、单复数、冠词等，确保答案准确。典型例题解析 （2020 江苏南京）Mayme Clayton collected books, magazines and letters written by African Americans. Her son, Avery Clayton, thought her collection was important. Unlike most books, these were rare and hard to find. They were written by writers who helped shape African American culture.One book in the collection was written by Phillis Wheatley. Wheatley was a slave who wrote poetry. She was the first African American to publish (出版) a book. Wheatley herself signed (签名) the book in the Claytons collection. No one else owns a copy signed by Phillis Wheatley.By the time she passed away at age 83, Mrs Clayton had more than 30,000 books by or about black people. Her collection also includes papers about slaves, photographs, movies, sheet music, and personal letters by black leaders and artists. It is one of the biggest personal collections of African American history and culture in the United States.Avery Claytons dream was to create a museum for his mothers treasures. Scholars say that Mrs Claytons collection is very important. Without her work, part of African American heritage (遗产) would have been lost. “We didnt know these things existed,” says Sara Hadron of Californias Huntington Library.The collections new home is likely to be in Culver City, California. Part of Avery Claytons dream is to share the cultural riches his mother collected with others. He especially wants kids to have a chance to see the collection. “At present African American culture is being explained by pop culture,” he says.“Its important to offer a more complete picture.”根据所读内容，在每个横线上填入一个最恰当的单词。Mayme Clayton and Her CollectionA. Personal informationShe liked 1. _ books, magazines and letters written by African Americans.She 2. _ when she was 83 years old.B. Her collectionCompared with other books, the books she collected couldnt be found 3. _.The only copy written and 4. _ by Phillis Wheatleywas in her collection.She had a large collection, 5. _ books, paper, photographs and other things by black leaders and artists.Her collection is of great 6. _ to African American history and culture.C. Her 7. _ dreamA 8. _ for the treasure would be created.He hopes to 9. _ the cultural riches collected by his mother with more people, especially 10. _.【解题指导】表格类型题目的明显特点是表格内容一般都能展示出文章的架构，所以做此类题时，对文章的结构要有清醒的认识，同时也可以从表格的结构来理解文章的结构。答题技巧大致分为两类：一类为从原文直接找到原句，如第1题可在原文中找到类似句：“Mayme Clayton collected books, magazines and letters written by African Americans.”可知本空填collect，但是在表示喜好的句子She liked _中动词应使用doing或to do的形式，对于长期的喜好应该使用doing，因此本空应填collecting。第二类为题目是对原文中信息的转述或语言再现：如第3题Compared with other books, the books she collected couldnt be found 3. _. 是对文中句子“Unlike most books, these were rare and hard to find.”的另一种说法，rare and hard 就是not easy的意思，再根据句子表达需要使用副词，所以本空填easily。典型例题解析 （2020 江苏淮安）Now there is a family problem. Nearly every parent says that we never grow up. In fact we are probably 16 or 17 years old. In their eyes, we are always little ones and often do wrong things. For example, when I need to stay at home alone, they always worry about me and my life without them.Most parents always think that they have offered the best things they can to make their children live in a comfortable world. They buy their children pretty clothes, cool shoes, everything that they can for their dear children. In return, they only want their children to get good results in the exams.But why still cant their children understand them? Does it mean that we still want more material things? No. As a matter of fact, what we want is a true family. What does a true family mean? I think it means a place where we can hide ourselves from the cold world outside. From here, we can get warmth, we can get consolation(安慰), and we can get happiness. And one important thing is that we should be stronger and more confident in the outside world because we know that we have a true family.So I think that parents should sit down to talk with their children to let know that they have a true family, so the children and their parents could understand each other more and more. Then, parents will not treat their children as little ones.1. In the eyes of most parents, children never _ and seldom do _.2. Most parents always think they _ the best things for their children to live in the world _.3. Children still _ their parents because what children need most is not material things but _.4. Most parents want their children to get _ in the exams while their children want to get _.5. The way to _ between parents and children is that they should have more communication with each other. Then, no children will _ as little ones.【解题指导】此类型题的设置顺序通常遵循文章的顺序。题目的句子源于文章但并不相同，需要填空的词并非直接从文章摘录，而是通过理解做出对应题目要求的答案，比如第1题中的seldom do _就是文章中使用的often do wrong things的对立面，所以作答时就不能直接摘抄do wrong things，而是这一结构的同意转换，所以填seldom do right things。有些还需要根据词汇的使用规则进行选择，以满足语法的需要，比如第2题,虽然文中使用的是offer,但是题目中使用的是_ sth for sb结构，所以填provide。任务型阅读理解模拟训练Passage 1Brb (be right back), gr8 (great), cya (see you) its a lot easier to use abbreviations (缩写) when we text, isnt it? The average American teen sends 60 text messages a day, and you can imagine how easy it can be. But while we might think nothing of it, theres an ongoing discussion that text messaging can have a bad effect (影响) on peoples grammar. Many believe the abbreviations are giving students bad habits when it comes to spelling and punctuation (标点).Some teachers say that texting and social networking cause students to be lazy when writing correctly. There was a study in August in the New Media & Society journal. It showed that young adults who often use text speak find it rather difficult to turn back to correct grammar when needed.But another view is that text messaging has no effect at all. Many people consider it to be a language of its own. It could be compared to students learning a foreign language. This doesnt have an effect on their native language.Whether its bad or not, it seems that text language is becoming very popular. The Pew Internet and American Life Project did a study named Writing, Technology and Teens in 2020. According to this study, 64 percent of teens said they used informal (非正式的) “text language” when they were doing their writing homework.But its not just a matter of language. Students who text a lot during class may have difficulty paying attention. Scientists at the University of Pittsburgh, US, did another study. Students were asked to complete a questionnaire on how many texts they sent and received during class. On average, students sent more than two text messages during lectures lasting 50 to 75 minutes. The research showed that students who often text during class cant easily keep their attention on the lesson. And this has an effect on their learning.Using 1. _ when textingA. Peoples opinions Abbreviations are bad for students 2. _ and punctuationuse. Students become 3. _ because of texting and social networking. Young 4. _ find it hard to return to correct grammar once they have got used to abbreviating. It is considered to be a 5. _. It has no effect on their 6. _ language.B.7._on texting 8. _ percent of teens said they used text language in homework. On average, students sent more than 9. _ text messages during lectures that last around an hour. It is 10. _ for those who text a lot to pay attention in class.Passage 2Can you imagine what it would be like to live and study in an ancient castle (城堡)? Im talking about British boarding (寄宿) schools, where some children actually live like Harry Potter (although sadly without the magic).Boarding schools in Britain are not cheap. The average cost is25,152 (254,011 yuan) for just one year. The schools are usually very old and rich in history. They played a big role in British history, and have close connections (联系) to Oxford and Cambridge universities. Students are usually very wealthy (有钱); Prince William and Harry both went to Eton, a school which has produced 19 British prime ministers (首相).One of the most important things for these schools is sport. Cricket (板球), rugby (英式橄榄球) and rowing (赛艇运动) are played nearly every day. These games build teamwork and discipline (纪律).There is a famous saying in English: “The British Empire (帝国) was built on the playing fields of Eton.”Boarding schools often appear in English books and films. The young child without parents growing up in a boarding school is found in hundreds of stories, although the most famous now is Harry Potter. Boarding schools are becoming less traditional, though, and more international. Nearly 9,000 foreign kids joined a British boarding school last year, and a third of these came from China.1. Are boarding schools expensive in Britain?_2. What is the school Eton famous for?_3. What can students learn from those daily sports?_4. How many Chinese students went to British boarding schools last year?_5. What is the story mainly about?_Passage 3Humans today look very different to how they were hundreds of thousands of years ago. Human evolution (进化) has changed our bodies in many ways. But theres a question that still bothers the scientists. Will humans keep evolving or have we reached the end of the line?The scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens (智人). Since modern Homo sapiens appeared around 50,000 years ago, there have been few physical changes in our evolution. One argument is that technology and medicine have slowed down evolution. Because we are smart enough to build things that solve problems, we dont need our bodies to adapt.But many others disagree, and there is a lot of evidence that we have continued to change over time. For example, our brains have become a little bit smaller over the last 30,000 years. Scientists say this is not because we are becoming more stupid but because our brains have become more effective.But evolution isnt just about obvious changes. Its also about small genetic (基因的) changes happening inside of us. The movement of people around the world has caused humans to adapt even faster. It has become easier for diseases to spread and the human body has to act more quickly to protect itself.But its impossible to tell what might happen next. Many believe it is foolish to try and predict (预知) the future of human evolution. For example, an extreme change in temperature, like the Ice Age (冰河时代), could mean humans have to suddenly evolve more quickly to adapt. Otherwise, it could be thousands of years before we see any big physical changes happen.1. When did modern Homo sapiens start to live on Earth?Modern Homo sapiens came into being _.2. Why do some people think technology and medicine have slowed down evolution?Because they think technology and medicine can help us _ easily and our bodies dont need to adapt.3. What do scientists think of our brains being smaller than 30,000 years ago?They think our brains have become _.4. What problems has peoples movement around the world brought?It has made _ to spread easily.5. What happened during the Ice Age?There was an _.Passage 4Dinner isnt complete without foods best friend: a drink. The worlds most famous drinks are a mix of history and culture, and usually show up in the biggest festivals. So, lets turn our taste buds (味蕾) to the best drinks the world has to offer.Whats the global drink for victory (胜利)? Its champagne (香槟), a type of wine. It was first made in a place in France called Champagne. In the past, only rich people could afford it. But now, champagne is used at any big event or festival. Interestingly, the winner of a sporting event is sprayed (喷洒) with champagne, but doesnt drink it.If champagne is for exciting moments, then tea is for more relaxed situations. Many cultures enjoy a sip of hot tea in their warm homes during winter. While tea comes from China, the British love to drink it, too. It is Britains favorite drink and part of everyday life for many. According to the UK Tea Council, 165 million cups of tea are drunk every single day in the UK.Besides water, beer is one of the oldest drinks that humans have enjoyed. It comes in many flavors (风味) around the world. One of the worlds biggest festivals is a 16-day celebration of beer: the Oktoberfest in Munich, Germany. Around