英语议论文开头段的写法PPT幻灯片

,1,QuestionsinTaskTwo,1.Discuss(advantageothersthinkthatanimalsaresourcesoffoodandclothing.Whatisyouropinion?,13,3.Youropinion,1.题目特点:ExpressyouropinionaboutHowdoyouthinkaboutWhatsyouropinionabout（你的观点）2.写作策略首段:明确表态，让阅卷人知道你赞同的观点是什么主题段落：一边倒的写法,从单方面论述,用具体的理由支持所提出的观点.结尾段:重申首段的观点，最好换一种表达方式，不要对手段进行机械的重复,14,3.Youropinion,温馨提示:1.开门一定要见山2.尽量采用两个方面去写，做到有主有次；最好不要一边倒。3.如果有让步段,在篇幅上,你支持的观点要明显多于你让步的观点.,15,Howtowriteintroductorypart?,16,17,in-classexercise(2),Itistothebenefitofthesocietyforfamilyunitstolivetogether,includingtheoldergeneration.Whatisyourviewonthismatter?Youropinion?类Youwillbegiven10minstoaccomplishtheintroductorypartaboutthetopicabove.,18,in-classexercise(2),Discusswithyourpartnerabouttheintroductoryparagraphyouhavewrittenjustnow.Youcanrefertothefollowing,19,in-classexercise(2),Discusswithyourpartnerabouttheintroductoryparagraphyouhavewrittenjustnow.Youcanrefertothefollowing,20,IntroductoryParagraphChecklist,1.Doestheintroductoryparagraphconsistoftwoparts:thegeneralstatementsandthethesisstatement?2.Dothegeneralstatementsgivebackgroundinformationonthesubjectandgraduallyleadthereaderintothemostspecificinformationthethesisstatement?3.Arethegeneralstatementsandthethesisstatementcohesive?4.Doesthethesisstatementcontaincontrollingideasthatwillbeusedinthetopicsentencesofthebodyparagraphsoftheessay?(结构引导信息),21,Manygenerationsliveunderthesameroofinchinawiththeincreasingpriceofproperty.Youngpeopleneednotworryaboutthemeals,children-caringandfamilychores.Actuallyitisacommonphenomenon.InthispaperIwillattempttoanalyzethebenefitthattheextendedfamilybringtofamilies.,22,Howshouldtheoldpeopleliveisahotissueinoursociety.Somepeoplebelievethatextendedfamilywillbenefitthesociety,butotherpeopleholdtheopinionthatnuclearfamilyshouldbepopularizedincurrentsituation.Iamnotsureaboutthis,buttheextendedfamilyshouldabsolutelybeencouragedinthecomingyears.,23,Whethertheextendedfamilywillbenefitthesocietyornothasbeenaverycontroversialissueatpresenttime.Considerabledebatesarefoundinthemedia.Someadvocatetheadvantagethattheextendedfamilybringstothesociety,whilemanymoreopposethispolicy,holdingtheviewthatsmallerfamilyismoresuitableforthissocietyinmorethanoneaspect.,24,sampleforin-classexercise(2),Therehasbeentalkinsomepoliticalcirclesthatsomeresponsibilityforsocialwelfareshouldbeshiftedfromgovernmenttofamilies.Thiswouldinvolveareversalofthecurrenttrendtowardsincreasinglysmallerfamiliesandwouldencourageseveralgenerationstolivetogetherinextendedfamilies.However,thisisadangerouspolicythatcouldleadtoavarietyofsocialproblems,notonlyfortheelderlypeoplethemselves,butalsoforthefamiliesthatwouldhavetolookafterthem.,Therehasbeentalkinsomepoliticalcirclesthatsomeresponsibilityforsocialwelfareshouldbeshiftedfromgovernmenttofamilies.Thiswouldinvolveareversalofthecurrenttrendtowardsincreasinglysmallerfamiliesandwouldencourageseveralgenerationstolivetogetherinextendedfamilies.However,thisisadangerouspolicythatcouldleadtoavarietyofsocialproblems,notonlyfortheelderlypeoplethemselves,butalsoforthefamiliesthatwouldhavetolookafterthem.,25,in-classexercise(1),Introductoryparagraph1(1)ThistraditionalChinesemethodoftreatmentmighthelpyou.(2)Ofcourseyouhave,andperhapsyouhavetakenaspirin,gonetoseeadoctor,orvisitedyourchiropractor(按摩师),buthaveyoueverconsideredacupuncture?(3)However,youshouldknowsomethingaboutthephilosophy,background,andmethodologyofacupuncturebeforeyoubeginanytreatment.(4)Haveyoueverhadaheadache,backache,orsoremuscles?,26,in-classexercise(1),Introductoryparagraph2(1)Therefore,workaholicslifestylescanaffecttheirfamilies,sociallives,andhealth.(2)Inaddition,thosewhoarecalledworkaholicsmaynotspendenoughtimeonleisureactivities.(3)Nowadays,manymenandwomenworkinlaw,accounting,realestate,andbusiness.(4)Thesepeopleareseriousaboutbecomingsuccessful;theyworklonghoursduringtheweekandevenonweekends,sotheyarecalledworkaholics.,27,Thesisstatement,Generalstatements,Leadingsentences,mandatory,mandatory,optional,Morespecific,28,Wearebecomingincreasinglydependentoncomputers.Theyareusedinbusinesses,hospitals,crimedetectionandeventoflyplanes.Isthisdependenceoncomputersagoodthingorshouldwebemoresuspiciousoftheirbenefits?Whatsyouropinion?,29,Althoughnoonecandenythefactthatcomputersaretransformingourworldandourlivesinanastonishingwayandthatwerelyonthemforourdailyexistence,(generalstatement)weshouldbeawareoftheirpotentiallydamagingimpactsonmanyaspectsofoursociallifeandremainskepticaloftheover-computerizationofourworldwhichisardentlyadvocatedbysomescientist.(thesisstatement)Inmyopinion,computersmayjeopardizetheoverallwellbeingofhumansinthreefundamentalwaysifwemisusethem.(leadingsentences),Generalstatement+thesisstatement+leadingsentences,30,开头段的写法,Sentence1:Background(背景介绍)Sentence2:Rephrasethetopic(点明论题)Sentence3:thesisstatement(opinion类)orbriefdescriptionofthemainbody(讨论类)Sentence4:preview/essaymap(opinion类),31,开头段的写法1.如何写背景句(第一句),确定讨论内容,以该问题为中心,写一句介绍性的话语Example1Somepeoplewhohavebeensuccessfulinthesocietydonotcontributetheirsuccesstothetheoreticalknowledgetheylearnfromuniversity.Doagreeordisagree?A:peoplehavelongbeeninterestedinidentifyingtheforcesthatcontributetopersonalachievement.B:Theimportanceoftheoreticalknowledgetoonessuccessisamatterfordebate.,32,开头段的写法1.如何写背景句(第一句),Example2Topic:theadvertisingisdiscouragingpeoplefrombeingdifferentindividualsandmakespeopletobeorseemtobethesame.Doyouagreeordisagree?A:Muchmoreattentionthaneverbeforehasbeenpaidtotheinfluenceofadvertisingonourbuyingbehaviors.：Perhapsnosubjectintheworldisaslikelytocausesomuchcontroversyasadvertisingdoes.,建议选择三四个句子背诵使用,33,开头段的写法2.如何点明论题(第二句),第二句话是改写题目,点明论题Example1:Doyouthinkitisbettertosendcriminalstojailsorletthemreceiveeducationorjobtraining?Sentence1:thetreatmentofcriminalshasbeenopentodebateinrecentyears.(第一句话)Sentence2:Somepeoplethinkthatitisbettertosendcriminalstojailsthantosendthemreceiveeducationorjobtraining.(简单抄袭,效果不佳),34,开头段的写法2.如何改写题目(第二句),A.加上常用句型Thereismuchcontroversyoverwhethertosendcriminalstojailsorletthemreceiveeducationorjobtraining.B.改变句子成分Somepeoplethinkthatimprisonmentisbetterthaneducationorjobtrainingintreatingcriminals.,35,开头段的写法2.如何改写题目(第二句),Example2PoliceinBritaindonotcarryguns.Somepeoplebelievethatitwillmakecitizensunprotected,butsomesuggestthatitwouldreduceviolenceinsociety.Discussthesetwoviews.Sentence1:InsomecountriessuchasBritain,itisaconventionthatpolicedonotcarryguns.(第一句话)Sentence2(a):Thereisaperceptionthatitwillmakecitizensunprotected,whileacounterargumentisthatitwouldreduceviolenceinsociety.(加上常用句型)Sentence2(b):Somepeoplethinkthatitfailstoprotectcitizenswhilesomesuggestthatitwouldminimizeviolenceinsociety.(改变句子成分),36,开头段的写法3.如何点明论点(第二句),对观点类文章,第三句话需要阐明自己的立场(具体支持或者反对)1.Mypersonalviewisthatstudyinginternationalnewsisofbenefitstothestudents.2.Iagreewiththeirrecommendationthatmaintaininganationsculturalidentityisapriority.,37,开头段的写法3.如何点明论点(第二句),对讨论类文章,不明确表示自己支持哪一个方面,而是指明文章会讨论两个方面.Examples:A.Thisessaywillelaborateonbothpositiveandnegativeeffectsoftourismfromaculturalperspective.B.Iwouldliketodiscussthisissuefrombothaspects.,38,开头段的写法,写作练习:Somepeoplebelievethatairtravelshouldberestrictedbecauseitcausesseriouspollutionandusesuptheworldsrecourses.Doyouagreeordisagree?,39,开头段的写法飞机浪费资源造成污染,是否应该受限?,背景句:Thereislittleroomfordoubtabouttheconveniencebroughtbyairtravel.点明论题:However,whenitcomestoitsimpactontheenvironment,noconclusionhasbeenarrivedat.论点句:A.AsfarasIknow,itsbenefitsarefarmoreovertthanitsdownsides.(支持)B.mypersonalviewisthatitsbenefitscannotjustifyitsharmfuleffects.(反对)C.thisessaywillcompareandcontrastitsbenefitsanddownsides.(双边),40,开头段的写法观点类和讨论类(三句话),第一句,背景句,确定讨论内容,以该问题为中心,写一句介绍性的话语,写作建议:记句型,第二句,点题句,指出争议问题.写作建议:改写题目,第三句,观点句/引导句,阐明立场或者明确讨论一个事物的两个方面.写作建议:记句型,41,开头段的写法问题类的三句话,问题类题目不是针对问题的争议性,而是针对问题产生的原因和解决问题的办法.第一句,背景句,确定讨论内容,以该问题为中心,写一句介绍性的话语,写作建议:记句型,第二句,点题句,直接关注原因.写作建议:记句型,第三句,信息引导句,明确文章要讨论的内容,原因和解决办法.写作建议:记句型,42,开头段的写法问题类的三句话,题目Whatarethecausesandsolutionsoftheproblemofscarcityofwaterresource?第一句背景句Watershortageisoneofthemostchallengingissuestoaddressinmanycountries.第二句关注原因句Therearesomefactorsleadingtothisproblem./Diversecontributingfactorscanbeidentified.第三句引导信息Someofthemostcommonfactorswillbediscussedbelow,followedbysomeresponsiblesolutions.,43,开头段的写法问题类的三句话,写作练习Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatfamiliesarenotascloseastheyusedtobe.Givepossiblereasonsandyourrecommendations.,Thereismuchdiscussionnowadaysastowhetherornottherelationshipbetweenfamilymembersisascloseasbefore.Diversecontributingfactorscanbeidentified.Inthefollowing,Iwouldliketopresentmypointofview.,end,44,Recentlythe,riseinphenomenonofproblemofquestionof,has,1)draw/arousedpublic/popular/grave/world-wideattention2)caused/arousedwide/general/considerable/Internationalconcern3)arisen/loomedup/croppedupascontroversial/asnoteworthy/moredistinctlyforsettlement.,45,最近,有关把遗传技术用于人类自身而产生的问题的警示已引起了了公众的广泛的关注.这是可以理解的.,Recently,thealarmabouttheproblemoftheuseofgenetictechnologiesonhumanbeingshavecausedwidepublicconcern,andunderstandablyso.,46,Recentlythe,issueproblemquestion,ofhasbeen,inthelimelight.broughtintofocus.broughttopublicattention.posedamongthegeneralpublic.,47,现在发展与环境的问题已成为人们议论的中心.在中国这对矛盾表现的尤为明显。这世界上人口最多的国家正面临着环境污染、森林减少及大范围酸雨侵袭。,Theproblemofdevelopmentvs.environmenthasnowbeeninthelimelight.NowhereistheclashmorevisiblethaninChina,wheretheworldslargestpopulationfacespollution,deforestationandacidonalargescale.,48,In,recentthepast,5years,many,citiesnationspeople,have,beenfaced/plagued/troubledwithexperienced/witnessed/undergone,thea(n),seriousproblemofacuteshortageofalarmingincreasein,49,最近几年，中国的青少年犯罪率急剧上升。我们社会的传统做法是把这些青少年当成一种特殊的罪犯处理，尽管他们的罪行和成年人一样，但所给的惩罚和成年人不同。现在我们该是问一问我们自己的时候了：这种做法是否有效？,Inrecentyears,Chinahasexperiencedanalarmingincreaseinjuvenilecrime-thatis,crimecommittedbyindividualswhohaventcomeofage.Oursocietyhastraditionallytreatedthejuvenileasaspecialkindofoffender,onewhowarrantspunishmentdifferentfromthatgiventoanadult,eventhoughthecrimemaybethesame.Nowitistimeweaskedourselves:Doesthetreatmentwork?,50,Oneofthe,searchingburningpressinginteresting,questionsproblems,facingconfronting,our,nationsocietyworld,todayis,51,当今社会面临的基本问题之一是：新技术会给世界的将来带来什么样的希望或威胁？由于我们的社会所作出的关于技术发展的决定会毫无疑问对未来产生巨大影响，因此探索这个问题，尤其是通过检查科学技术与人类发展的关系来这样做就变得非常紧迫和必要了。,Oneofthebasicquestionsfacingoursocietytodayis:Whatpromiseorthreatdoesnewtechnologyholdforourglobalfuture?Sincethedecisionsoursocietymakesabouttechnologicaldevelopmentwillundoubtedlyhavetremendousconsequencesintheyearstocome,itisurgentlynecessarytoexplorethisquestion,especiallybyexaminingscienceandtechnologyintheirrelationshiptothedevelopmentofhumanity.,52,NowadaysCurrentlyRecently,thereisa,1)growing/unhealthytendencyto/in/that2)general/deep-seatedbeliefin/that3)general/uneasyfeelingof/against/that4)growing/nation-widerecognitionof/that5)growing/generalawarenessof/that6)deep/seriousconcernover/for/that7)deep/keeninterestin8)growing/greatenthusiasmfor/amongpeople,53,如今人们越来越关注我们的孩子所承受的沉重的学习负担和精神压力。他们为分数所累，几乎没有时间品尝人生，并成长为一个全面发展的人。,Nowthereisagrowingconcernovertheheavyburden,bothacademicandpsychological,ourchildrenhavetobear.Theyhavebeensoobsessedwithgradesandmarksthattheyhavehardlyhadtimetosavorthelifeandgrowaswell-roundedpeople.,54,ForyearsUntilrecently,hadbeenwas,seenviewedregarded,as,But,ThatischangingnowPeoplearetakingfreshlookatit,Withthe,Growingmounting,DemandforInterestinConcernover,people,55,不久前人们对做白日梦一般还是持批评态度，认为它浪费时间，是逃避现实生活及责任的一种不健康的倾向。但现在有人对此持一种新的看法。他们认为白日做梦助于智力的发展，能引导人们实现要达到的目标。,Untilrecentlythegeneralattitudetowardday-dr