定语从句讲解1.ppt

RevisionofRestrictiveAttributiveClause,2020年5月31日星期日,2,RevisionofRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句复习,在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有：which,that,who,whom,whose和as。引导英语从句的关系副词有：where,when,why。,2020年5月31日星期日,3,定语从句后置,ThedaycameatlastwhenIwenttocollege.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhocomesfromQingdao.,2020年5月31日星期日,4,定语从句复习,定语从句,TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句,TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句,2020年5月31日星期日,5,限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句,限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开,引导词：who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，不用that,不能省略,引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略,2020年5月31日星期日,6,限制性定语从句的构成,Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.IhavefoundthebookwhichIlost.IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.,关系代词关系副词,注意事项:1.从句的位置:2.翻译方法:3.构成：,先行词之后,“.的”,关系词,2020年5月31日星期日,7,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.,先行词和关系词的关系,2020年5月31日星期日,8,先行词和关系词的关系,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.,themachine=that,theboy=who,theboys=whose,intheschool=where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,2020年5月31日星期日,9,指代,所做成分,是否可省略,that,人；物,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,which,物,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,who,人,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,whom,人,宾语,可省,whose,人；物,定语,不可省,关系代词的用法,关系代词,2020年5月31日星期日,10,二、关系词的用法：,（一）关系代词的用法：,1、作主语用who,which和that,如：Heisthemanwho/thatlivesnextdoor.Thetrainwhich/thathasjustleftisforShenzhen.,2、作宾语用whom,who,which,that,如：Theman(whom/who/that)wehavejustseenisafamouswriter.Whereisthebook(which/that)Iboughtlastweek?,注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词whowhom,that通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom,不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。,2020年5月31日星期日,11,3、作定语用whose,如：(a)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.(b)ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.,4、作表语只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。例如：Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.,注：“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与ofwhich结构互换，词序是：“名词+ofwhich”，如：Theycametoahousewhosebackwallhadbrokendown.(=thebackwallofwhich)HeswrittenabookthenameofwhichIvecompletelyforgotten.(=whosename),.先行词为one，ones，anyone，those，he时，只用who,eg：Hewholaughslastlaughsbest,在therebe句型中，先行词为人只用who,eg：Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.,。,Thereisamanwhoisstealing,eg:那儿有个偷东西的人。,2020年5月31日星期日,13,难点一:whose,Theteacherpraisedthestudent.HisEnglishisthebestinourclass.,TheteacherpraisedthestudentwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.,Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.,whose=thestudents,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,2020年5月31日星期日,14,难点一:whose,Thehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.,Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.,Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.,whose=thehouseswindow,Thehouseismine.,thewindowofwhichisbroken,ofwhichthewindowisbroken,2020年5月31日星期日,15,难点二:as,1.引导限定性定语从句，指代被thesame,such,as,so等修饰的名词Donttalkaboutsuchthingsasyoudontunderstand.Werefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.,2020年5月31日星期日,16,ItisaspleasantafilmasIhaveeverseen.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.比较：Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（结果状语从句）,2020年5月31日星期日,17,关系代词的用法练习,1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparentsfarm.4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.5.Idontlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.,Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.,Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.,.Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparentsfarm.,Thenoodles(which/that)youcookedthemweredelicious.,Idontlikethepeoplethat/whotheysmokealot.,2020年5月31日星期日,18,关系副词的用法,指代,所做成分,是否可省略,when,时间,状语,否,where,地点,状语,否,why,原因,状语,否,关系副词,2020年5月31日星期日,19,（二）关系副词的用法：,1、when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time,day,morning,night,week,year等。如：IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirstbecameacollegestudent.DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。例如：Eachtimehecame,hedidhisbesttohelpus.Buthelpneverstoppedcomingfromthedayshefellill.,2020年5月31日星期日,20,（二）关系副词的用法：,2、where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等，如：Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.注：where有时也可以省略。如：Thisistheplace(where)wemetyesterday.,2020年5月31日星期日,21,（二）关系副词的用法：,3、why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。例如：Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.注：why时常也可以省略。如：Thatistherealreasonhedidit.,2020年5月31日星期日,22,(三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点：,1、这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when=on(in,at,during)+which;where=in(at,on)+which;why=forwhich.如：IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.,2020年5月31日星期日,23,(三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点：,2、当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：Illneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.Illneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.Hisfatherworksinafactorywhereradiopartsaremade.Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.,2020年5月31日星期日,24,(三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点：,温馨提示：when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why只能引导限制性定语从句。,2020年5月31日星期日,25,注意:关系副词和先行词的关系,IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.Idontlikethewaythatyouspeak.,ontheday=when,inthehouse=where,forthereasons=why,intheway=that,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,2020年5月31日星期日,26,1)当先行词是不定代词时,如:All,few,little,much,every,something,anything,everything,等,2)当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,little,few,no,any等修饰时,3)当人和物合做先行词时,总结:只能用that做关系代词的情况,2020年5月31日星期日,27,4)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,5)在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中,只能用that做关系代词的情况,2020年5月31日星期日,28,1.根据先行词来确定ThisisthepotinwhichIboiledthemilk.Thisisthepot(which/that)Iboiledthemilkin.Yesterdaywehadameeting,atwhichwediscussedmanyproblems.(atthemeeting),介词的确定方法：,介词+which/whom,2020年5月31日星期日,29,1979wastheyearinwhichmysonwasborn.(=when)ThisistheplaceinwhichIgrewup.(=where)Thatsthereasonforwhichhedislikesme.(=why),2020年5月31日星期日,30,ThepersontowhomIcomplainedisthemanager.Theperson(who/whom/that)Icomplainedtoisthemanager.Thedog,ofwhichheusedtobeafraid,isherfavoriteanimalnow.(beafraidof),2.根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定,2020年5月31日星期日,31,3.根据从句所表达的意思来确定,Water,withoutwhichmancantlive,isreallyimportant.,4.当介词和从句中的动词构成固定词组时，介词不能前置Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.,2020年5月31日星期日,32,介词+which/whose+n.,Ioftengetupatsix,atwhichtimeitisstillverydarkinwinter.Heisthemanfromwhosehousethepictureswerestolen.,2020年5月31日星期日,33,名词+of+which/whom,Thisistheladythesonofwhomisafamouswriter.(=whoseson)Thesepeople,themajorityofwhomarefarmers,disagreedwiththeplan.Thecake,halfofwhichwaseaten,wasboughtforLilysbirthday.,2020年5月31日星期日,34,代词+of+which/whom,用于非限定性定语从句中表示数量。这些代词包括：many,much,some,afew,most,all,both,none,either,neither,Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.Therearealotofbooks,noneofwhichismine.,2020年5月31日星期日,35,Thetwoplayers,neitherofwhomreachedthefinal,playedwell.Themoney,allofwhichhasbeengiventotheHopeproject,wascollectedintheperformance.Theforeigners,mostofwhomhavebeentoChinaforthefirsttime,comefromdifferentcountries.,2020年5月31日星期日,36,数词+of+which/whom,Iboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,fiveofwhichwereEnglishnovels.Inourfactorythereare800workers,40percentofwhomarewomen.,2020年5月31日星期日,37,形容词最高级+of+which/whom,TherearemanyislandsinChina,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.Shehassixchildren,thecleverestofwhomisJohn.,2020年5月31日星期日,38,1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.,when/inwhich,which,where/inwhich,which,why/forwhich,that/which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,2020年5月31日星期日,39,1.Hedidall/everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisistheverything_Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_isnearesttotheearth.,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,which,whose,whomorwho?,2020年5月31日星期日,40,9.Isthereanythingelse_youwanttosay?10.Anyperson_hasthemoneycanjointhegroup.11.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_madeothersupset.12.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_sataboy.13.Themanto_Ispokeisafamousscientist.14.Theboy_motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.,that,that,which,which,whom,whose,that,which,whose,whomorwho?,2020年5月31日星期日,41,1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.,onwhich,forwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,throughwhich,underwhich,ofwhich,fromwhich,towhom,ofwhich,介词+关系代词练习,2020年5月31日星期日,42,几点注意事项,1.theway表示方式时，其后的定语从句有以下几种情况Canyoutellmetheway(that)yousolvetheproblem.Canyoutellmethewayinwhichyousolvetheproblem.,2020年5月31日星期日,43,2.定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致,Heisoneofthestudentswhohavebeenabroad.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeenabroad.,2020年5月31日星期日,44,3.先行词是时间时，并非都用when引导的从句来修饰。试比较：,Doyoustillrememberthedayswhentherewasnoelectricity?Doyoustillrememberthedays(which/that)wespenttogether?,2020年5月31日星期日,45,TheplacewhereLuXunonceworkedhasbecomeamuseum.Theplace(which/that)IvisitedlastweekisinHongKong.,4.先行词是地点时，并非都用where引导的从句来修饰。试比较：,2020年5月31日星期日,46,5.先行词是thereason时，并非都用why引导的从句来修饰。试比较：,Thatsthereasonwhyhewaslate.Thatsthereason(which)hegaveme.,Ihavemanyfriends,_somearebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom,2020年5月31日星期日,47,高考链接,D,解析：答案D。考查介词+关系代词,2.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but_didnthelp.A.whichB.itC.sheD.he,2020年5月31日星期日,48,高考链接,B,解析：答案B。此句不是考试定语从句，而是一个并列句。and连接两个句子。it指代前一句的内容。,Ifashophaschairs_womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where,2020年5月31日星期日,49,高考链接,D,解析：答案D。先行词chairs在定语从句中作状语，用where。,-Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?-Thereisnooneelse_,isthere?A.whotot