Chinese-Poetry-中国诗歌介绍-英文版

ChinesePoetry,ClassicalChinesepoetry中国古典诗歌ModernChinesepoetry中国现代诗歌,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,SincetheburningofbooksbyQinShihuang,theearliestextantanthologiesaretheShiJingandChuCi,datingtotheSpringandAutumnPeriodandtheWarringStatesPeriod,respectively.ShiJing(诗经ClassicofPoetry)wasthefirstmajorsurvivingcollectionofChinesepoems,collectingbotharistocraticpoems(Odes)andmorerusticpoetry,probablyderivedfromfolksongs(Songs).Theyaremostlycomposedoffour-character(四言)lines.Asecond,morelyricalandromanticanthologywasChuCi(楚辞SongsofChu),madeupprimarilyofpoemsascribedtoQuYuanandhisfollowerSongYu.Thesepoemsarecomposedoflinesofirregularlengths,inthestyleprevalentinthestateofChu.,Beginningsofthetradition:,.,关关雎鸠，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。参差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。求之不得，寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧。参差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。参差荇菜，左右毛之。窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之。,关雎,.,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,中国古典诗歌,Shi,Ci（Song）,“ancient-style”gushipoetry（古体诗）唐以前诗歌及唐以后诗人仿作,“recent-style”jintishipoetry（近体诗）形成于唐代,ChineseSanqupoetry(散曲),Yuanopera(元杂剧）,Qu（Yuan）,小令（五十八字以内）,中调（五十九字至九十字）,长调（九十一字以上）,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,古体诗,四言古诗(出现最早的是诗经，另一代表是曹操诗),杂言诗（可归入七言古诗）登幽州台歌,七言古诗（成熟于唐代，简称七古）,五言古诗（成熟于汉代，简称五古）,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,近体诗,绝句,律诗,五言绝句（五绝）江雪,七言绝句（七绝）早发白帝城,五言律诗（五律）春望,七言律诗（七律）闻官军收河南河北,排律（八句以上的律诗）,.,Poetryofparticular(dynastic)periods:,ClassicalChinesepoetry,HanpoetryJiananpoetrySixDynastiespoetryTangpoetrySongpoetryYuanpoetry,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,duringtheHanDynasty,afolk-songstyleofpoetrybecamepopular,knownasYuefu(乐府)“MusicBureau”poems,sonamedbecauseofthegovernmentsroleincollectingsuchpoems,althoughintimesomepoetsbegancomposingoriginalworksinYuefustyle.ManyYuefupoemsarecomposedoffive-character(五言)orseven-character(七言)lines,incontrasttothefour-characterlinesofearliertimes.AcharacteristicformofHanDynastyliteratureistheFu（赋）.,Hanpoetry：,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,TheFourMajorPoetofHanfu：,SimaXiangru,YangXiong,ZhangHeng,BanGu,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,Jiananpoetry：,JiananpoetyreferstothosepoeticmovementsoccurringduringthefinalyearsofthefailingHanDynastyandcontinuingtheirdevelopmentintothebeginningoftheSixDynastiesperiod.TypicalpoetsofthisperiodareCaoCao,CaoPi,CaoZhi,.,东临碣石，以观沧海。水何澹澹，山岛竦峙。树木丛生，百草丰茂。秋风萧瑟，洪波涌起。日月之行，若出其中；星汉灿烂，若出其里。幸甚至哉！歌以咏志。,观沧海,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,TheSixDynastieseracoversthreemainperiods:theThreeKingdoms(220280),JinDynasty(265420),andSouthernandNorthernDynasties(420589).Thegreatfieldsandgardenpoet,TaoYuanming,thegreatandhighlypersonalpoetwhowasnotedforspeakinginhisownvoiceratherthanapersonaoranonymously.,SixDynastiespoetry：,.,结庐在人境，而无车马喧。问君何能尔，心远地自偏。采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。山气日夕佳，飞鸟相与还。此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。,饮酒其五,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,AhighpointofclassicalChinesepoetryoccurredduringtheTangperiod(618-907);Poetrywasintegratedintoalmosteveryaspectoftheprofessionalandsociallifeoftheliterateclass,includingbecomingpartoftheImperialexaminationstakenbyanyonewantingagovernmentpost;Overtime,someTangpoetrybecamemorerealistic,morenarrativeandmorecriticalofsocialnorms;ThepoetryoftheTangDynastyremainsinfluentialtoday.,Tangpoetry：,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,EarlyTang:FourHeroesofEarlyTang,YangJiong,WangBo,LuZhaolin,LuoBinwang,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,Zhangjiuling,HeZhizhangThemostfamous:LiBai,DuFu(Li-Du)The“FieldsandGardensPoetsGroup”(田园诗派)：MengHaoran,WangWeiThe“BordersandFrontierFortressPoetsGroup”(田园诗派)：GaoShi，CenCen，WangChangling,WangZhihuan,CuiHao,HighTang:,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,TheLandscapeStylePoem(山水诗)：LiuChangqing,WeiYingwuBaiJuyi,HanYu,MengJiao,LiuYusi,LiuZongyuan,LiHe,MiddleTang:,LateTang:,DuMu，LiShangyin（LittleLi-Du）WenTingyun,WeiZhuang,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,BytheSongDynasty(960-1279),anotherformofpoetry,theCi(词)newlyricswrittenaccordingtothesetrhythmsofexistingtunes.EachcipoemislabeledTothetuneofTuneName(调寄词牌)andfitsthemeterandrhymeofthetune.Thetitlesofcipoemsarenotnecessarilyrelatedtotheirsubjectmatter,andmanypoemsmayshareatitle.Intermsoftheircontent,Cipoetrymostoftenexpressedfeelingsofdesire.,Songpoetry：,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,OuYangxiuWangAnshiSushiSuZheLiuYongLiQingzhaoZhouBangyanYanShuHuangTingjian,TheNorthernSongDynasty:,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,TheSouthernSongDynasty:,LuYou,JiangKui（姜夔）,XinQiji,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,MajordevelopmentsofpoetryduringtheYuanDynasty(12711368)includedthedevelopmentoftypesofpoetrywrittentofixed-tonepatterns,suchasfortheYuanopera（元杂剧）librettos.AftertheSongDynasty,thesetrhythmsoftheCicametobereflectedintheset-rhythmpiecesofChineseSanqupoetry(散曲),afreerformbasedonnewpopularsongsanddramaticarias,thatdevelopedandlastedintotheMingDynasty(14th-17thcenturies).,Yuanpoetry：,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,FourplaywrightsofYuanPoetry：,GuangHanqing,MaZhiyuan,BaPu,ZhengGuangzu,倩女离魂,窦娥冤,天净沙秋思,青衫泪,唐明皇秋夜梧桐雨,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,zhangYanghao,西厢记,山坡羊潼关怀古,WangShifu,.,ClassicalChinesepoetry,诗经楚辞乐府赋唐诗宋词元曲,总体顺序总结,.,ModernChinesepoetry,ModernChinesepoems(newpoetry新诗)usuallydonotfollowanyprescribedpattern.PoetrywasrevolutionizedaftertheMayFourthMovementwhenwriterstrytousevernacularstylesclosertowhatwasbeingspoken(baihua)ratherthanpreviouslyprescribedforms.,.,ModernChinesepoetry,Early20th-centurypoetslikeXuZhimo,GuoMoruoandWenYiduosoughttobreakChinesepoetryfrompastconventionsbyadoptingWesternmodels.,.,ModernChinesepoetry,Inthepost-revolutionaryCommunistera,poetslikeAiQingusedmoreliberalrunninglinesanddirectdiction,whichwerevastlypopularandwidelyimitated.,.,ModernChinesepoetry,Inthecontemporary现代的poeticscene,themostimportantandinfluentialpoetsareinthegroupknownasMistyPoets(朦胧派诗人）Themost