高中英语必修三Unit4 主语从句.ppt

名词性从句主语从句,什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,名词性从句nounclause,主语从句subjectclause,宾语从句objectclause,表语从句predicativeclause,同位语从句appositiveclause,名词性从句中的连接词连词:that/whether/asif(though);连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词:where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever,判断下列划线句子是哪种名词性从句。,1.Idontknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.,2.Thequestioniswhetherhewillcomeornot.,3.Whetherhewillcomeornotisunknown.,3.Whetherhewillcomeornotisunknown.,1.Idontknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.,2.Thequestioniswhetherhewillcomeornot.,宾语从句,表语从句,主语从句,主语从句SubjectClause,主语是？,Whichpartservesassubjectineachsentence?,1.Youareastudent.,2.Smokingisbadforyou.,3.Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.,4.“Howdoyoudo?”isagreeting.,5.Whatshesaidisnotyetknown.,6.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.,7.Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.,“Howdoyoudo?”isagreeting.Whatshesaidisnotyetknown.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.（句子充当主语，所以称为主语从句）,Step2、主语从句概念定义：充当主语的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句。,主语从句的位置,Thathewillsucceediscertain.Whetherhewillcomemakesnodifference.Whatweneedismoretime.,先找出谓语，主语在第二个谓语前面,1.引导词：从属连词that,whether；连接代词who,what,which；whoever,whatever,whichever;连接副词when,where,how和why。2.语序：陈述句语序,主语从句的特点：,1)从属连词that和whether：,Thathewillcomeiscertain.Whetherhewillcomeisuncertain.,_不做成分，无意义，不能省略。whether不做成分，表“_”。,that,是否,引导词,2)连接代词who,what,which（做成分）,1.makesnodifference.谁去没什么不同。（主语）ismoretime.（我们所需要的是更多的时间。）（宾语）3.hasntbeendecided.（定语）我应买哪一本书还没有决定。,Whowillgo,Whatweneed,WhichbookIshouldbuy,引导词,3)连接代词whoever（无论谁）,whatever,（无论什么）whichever（无论哪一个）,esiswelcome.2.Ihaveisyours.3.youwantisyours.,whatever=anythingthatwhoever=anyonewho,Whoever,Whatever,Whichever,Whateverandwhoever,WhateveranythingthatWhoeveranyonewho不管是谁犯了法，他都应该受到惩罚。Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished。Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.,4)连接副词when,where,how,why,1.（我们什么时候离开）hasntbeendecided.2.(他怎么到那的）isasecret.3.(他为什么哭）isnotclear.4.（会议将在哪里举行）willbeheldisnotknown.,Whenwewillleave,Howhegotthere,Wherethemeeting,Whyhecried,Completethesentencesusingwhat,whether,where,when，who,why,howorthat.,1.(_isneededforsuccess)isyourhardwork.,3.(_wewillgotomorrow)hasntbeendecidedyet.,2.(_theywillarrive)hasbeentoldtotheteacher.,4.(_canjoininthesportmeet)isdecidedbytheteacher.,5.(_itwillrainornot)isnotclear.,What,When/How,Where/whether,Who,Whether,主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,Conclusion:,Step3.,请你思考,Step3.思考,Thathewillpasstheexamiscertain.,Itiscertainthathewillpasstheexam.,注解：一般来说主语从句都是放在,但有时为了使句子,避免”头重脚轻”,常用作，从而把主语从句放在,句首,保持平衡,it,形式主语,后面,主语从句一直位于句首的位置吗？,他一定会通过考试的.,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)Itis+n.+thatItisapity/shamethat.可惜的是Itisasurprisethat令人吃惊的是Itisafactthat事实是Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识*_(很可惜)welostthematch.*_(这是事实)hecheatedintheexam.,Itisapitythat,Itisafactthat,2)Itis+adj.+thatItscertainthat肯定Itispossible/likelythat.很可能Itisobvious/clearthat很明显Itistruethat的确Itisnecessaryimportantnatural.that*_(很可能)shewillcomebacktomorrow.*_(很明显)heisanEnglish.,Itispossiblethat,Itisobviousthat,+(should)+do,3)It+不及物动词+thatIthappenedthat.碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起Itappears/seemsthat似乎，好像Itturnedoutthat原来*_(刚好)Iwasoutyesterday.*_(我突然想起)Iforgottosenttheletter.,Ithappenedthat,Itoccurredtomethat,4)It+be+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat.据说Itisknowntoallthat.众所周知Itisreportedthat.据报道Itisbelievedthat.据相信;人们相信Itissuggestedthat+(should）do.建议*_(据报道)20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.*_(建议)weshouldeatmorevegetableanddomoreexercise.,Itisreportedthat,Itissuggestedthat,主语从句可以放在前面也可以放在后面。,用it作形式主语,把主语从句放在句末。,小结：,主语从句的规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结规律,例1.Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.,规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。,正：Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.,主语从句的规律：,例2.Hewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.,正：Thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.,规律二、连词that在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。,主语从句的规律：,例3.Ifthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.,正：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.,规律三、whether可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但if不能,主语从句的规律：,例4.Thatwhetherhewillhelpothersisafact.,正：Thathewillhelpothersisafact.,规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。,主语从句的规律：,例5.Whenhewillcomeareapuzzle.,正：Whenhewillcomeisapuzzle.,规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用单数第三人称形式。,主语从句的规律：,1.Whatheneedsisthatbook.2.Whatheneedsaresomebooks.,规律六、what引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式。,规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用it做形式主语，而把从句放在后面。,Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntoall.,Itisknowntoallthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.,主语从句三要素,hebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.,Iswhatyoutoldmereallytrue?,谓语动词多用单数,从句用陈述语序,不能省略关联词,How,在主语从句中，谓语一般用单数。,1、无论他说什么都不重要。,Whateverhesaysisofnoimportance.,2、无论谁说这话都不对。,Whoeversaysthisiswrong,但谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一概而论，而要视句子的意义而定。WhatIneedismoney.WhatIneedarebooks.,注意事项,1.主语从句位于句首时必须由连接词引导。2.主语从句位于句末时引导词that可省略。3.主语从句位于句首时,不能用if引导。4.主语从句位于句末时,可以用if引导。,找出错误，并给出理由：1.Whereshallwespendtheholidayisntdecided.2.Youhavemadeamistakeisafact.3.Ifthepolicemanwillcomeisnotcertain.4.Thatiscertainthatwecanwin.,weshall,Whether,It,Thatyouhave,5.Itisorderedweshouldleaveatonce.6.Wherehecomesfromareamystery.7.Whatwhetherhelikesthejobisnotclear.8.Whoheisandwhereheisfromisimportant.9.Whathesawisthestarsinthesky.,that,is,x,are,are,注意:,1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。,误：Theyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.正：Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.正：Itisnatural(that)theyshouldlikeeachother.,2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导，或把if改为whether,误：IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.正：ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim.正:WhetherMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.,Step4.小结：主语从句需注意的问题(1)主语从句中用陈述语序WhatsheisafraidofistheirtakinghertoParis.(WhatissheafraidofWrong)(2)主语从句后谓语动词一般用第三人称单数（特殊情况见练习册P60）Thattheyhaventphonedisstrange.,(3)that引导的主语从句中，that不可被省略Thatpricewillgoupiscertain.,4).用于Itisimportant/natural/necessary/impossiblethat.句型中,主语从句应使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式,should有时可以省略。5)It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required中,that从句的谓语也应该用“should+动词原形”的形式,should有时可以省略。,Step4.,小试牛刀,1._youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.（与我无关）2._hesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeveryone.3._the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.4._wellgofishingtomorrowdependsontheweather.5._leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.,That,What,Whether,Whether,Whoever,1.他是否是我的孩子仍然(remain)是个问题。,_remainsaquestion.,Whetherheismychild,补全句子练习,_isyourhairstyle.,2.我所最喜欢的是你的发型(hairstyle)。,WhatIlikemost,3.我需要的就是休息。,_isrest.,WhatIneed,_madetheteacherangry.,4.这个男孩所做的事让老师很生气。,Whattheboydid,_isattractedbyher.,5.无论谁见到这个女孩都会被她吸引（attact）。,Whoeverseesthegirl,练习:用主语从句翻译下列句子。1.他偷了一部自行车是真的。2.我现在需要的是你的帮助。3.他出生在何时还不知道。4.无论谁最后离开房间都应该关门。,答案:1.他偷了一部自行车是真的。Thathestoleabikewastrue.2.我现在需要的是你的帮助。WhatIneednowisyourhelp.3.他出生在何时还不知道。Whenhewasbornhasnotbeenknown.4.无论谁最后离开房间都应该关门。Whoeverleavestheroomlastshouldclosethedoor.,thecatdo,made,Whatthecatdidmadethebabycry.,What,cry,Makeasentence,30,talkabout,theuseofcellphone,Whattheyaretalkingaboutistheuseofcellphone.,Makeasentence,30,report,getthehighestpoints,matchItisreportedthatYaoMinggotthehighestpointsinthematch.,Makeasentence,30,Itmakestheteacherangrythatthechilddoesntknowtheanswer.,teacherangry,Dontknowtheanswer,Makeasentence,30,Exercises:,1.hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.,A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever,D,2.Itwashesaiddisappointedme.,A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what,A,3.wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.,A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where,B,4.hesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeverybodypresent.,A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter,A,5.wastoreturntoschool.,A.ThatreallyinterestedhimB.Whatreallyinterestedhim,C.WhichreallyinterestedhimD.Thatinteresthimreally,B,6.makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.,A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever,C,7.yourmenhavebeenonmylandwithoutpermission.,A.ItseemsthatB.Thereseemstobe,C.ThatseemsD.Itseemsfor,A,8.Ithasalwayspuzzledmetheoldmanliedared,silkribbonontheyoungtree.,A.thatB.whyC.whereD.what,B,11._hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How,12._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere,13._isknowntousallthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry.AWhichBAsCWhatDIt,14.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto15.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when16.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave,17._makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.AWhatBWhoCWhateverDWhoever,18.ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo_Icantosavethem.AwhateverBthatCwhichDwhichever,19._madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because,20._hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.Where,21.parentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.As,22_theyaremostinterestedinishowtheycanproducemoreandbettercars.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhatD.That23_wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where24._makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever25._surprisedmemostwasthatsuchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.ThatB.WhatC.ThatD.When,C,B,C,B,26._wegoswimmingeveryday_usalotofgood.A.IfdoB.ThatdoC.IfdoesD.Thatdoes27.It_Bobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat28.Itsuncertain(不确定）_theexhibitionwillbeholdinShanghai.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how29._theboydidnttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which,D,C,A,D,30_wecanthaveseemsbetterthanthatwehave.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.whose31._youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether32._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.If.B.WhetherC.ThatD.Where33._isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbytheCEO.A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who,C,B,D,A,34._wellfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.Th