中考英语六种基本句型结构

.英语学习中的六种基本句型结构简单句：如果句中只有一个主谓结构，而且各个成分都只由单词或短语表示，称为简单句。基本句型一: + （主谓）基本句型二: + + （主系表）基本句型三: + +O （主谓宾）基本句型四: + +IO +O （主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五： + +O + （主谓宾宾补）句型1：主谓结构：Subject (主语) Verb (谓语) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，常见的动词：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。 （不及物动词） 1. Time 2. Class 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everbody 6. I 7. The sun 8. Does itflies. begins!. doesnt smoke. laughed.has arrived. am crying. rises.hurt?1) Li Ming works very hard.2) The little girl cried even harder. 3) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.句型2：主系表结构：Subject (主语) Link. V(系动词) Predicate(表语)共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, feel, smell等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列三类：1）表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound This kind of food tastes delicious.2）表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand 3）表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, growSpring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.（是系动词）1.This 2. The dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smellsfeels looks is is becomesturned an English-Chinese dictionary. delicious. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warmer. red. 句型3：主谓宾结构：Subject(主语) Verb (谓语) Object (宾语) 共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。(实义动词） 1. Who 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 8. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. eggs.to have a cup of tea. Good morning. 1) He took his bag and left.（名词） 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）4) I dont know what I should do next. (从句)句型4：S十V十间接宾语+直接宾语：Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)Indirect object(间接宾语)Direct object (直接宾语)共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者，通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成；但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等。（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。例如：He brought me a pen.=He brought a pen to me.Mother bought me a book.= Mother bought a book for me（及物）O间接宾语（常用于人）O直接宾语（常用于物）1. She2. She 3. She 4. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 8. He 9.Johnpassed cooked brought bought toldgave gaveshowedsenthimher her husband you her him him meMarya new dress. a delicious meal.a new watch. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. some flowers.句型5：主谓宾补结构：Subject(主语)Verb (动词)Object (宾语)Complement(补语)共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意完整。这种句型中的“宾语 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.（形容词）2) We made him our monitor.(名词)3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式) 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。1) The boss made him do the work all day.2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.（及物）（宾语）（宾补）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door him the house him him me them clean. green. Bob. dirty. sad? go out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 句型6：There be + 主语 + 其它这一结构表示“某地有某物”。主语一般位于there be 之后。值得关注的是，当句中有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：1) There are two girls and a boy running on the playground.2) There is a boy and two girls running on the playground. 写出下面句子的结构类型：1.They work hard. 主 + 谓2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表3.Plants need water. 主 + 谓 + 宾4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 谓7. The cake tastes delicious. 主 + 系 + 表8. Classes begin at eight every day. 主 + 谓9. They havent decided where to gonext. 主 + 谓 + 宾10. Jim cannot dress himself. 主 + 谓 + 宾11. Mr Johnson taught us German last year.主 + 谓 +间宾 + 直宾12. Shall I call you a taxi? 主 + 谓 +间宾 + 直宾13. The sun keeps us warm. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补14.The potatoes went bad. 主 + 系 + 表15. You must get your hair cut. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补16.She sat there alone, reading a novel. 主 + 谓17. They made Tom monitor. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补1. He feels disappointed. 2. I love operas.3. She always tells me jokes. 4. The children cried and shouted every day. 5. The smiling faces of his childre