Unit 9 What is happiness课件

Unit9,WhatIsHappiness?,Brainstorming,happiness,?,OnHappiness,Everyonehastheirowndefinitionofhappiness.Lifeisnotwhatotherpeoplesthinking,butisyourinsidefeeling.Happinessisaperfumeyoucannotpouronotherswithoutgettingafewdropsonyourself-Emerson,Onhappiness,FactorsCommercializedsocietyentertainment,party,carnivalrealhappiness,Onhappiness,Socialwell-being,Onhappiness,Thelevelofhappinesstheworld,Onhappiness,Thelevelofhappinesstheworld,Onhappiness,Thelevelofhappinesstheworld,Onhappiness,Thelevelofhappinesstheworld,Onhappiness,Thelevelofhappinesstheworld,Onhappiness,ThelevelofhappinessChinesecities,Thepursuitofhappiness,OnnationallevelOnindividualleveldefinitionofhappinesschoicesoflife,Words发布上星期邮局发行了这些邮票。Thepostofficeissuedthestampslastweek.2.toprovidesb.withthethingstheyneedforaparticularaction发给,配给O(+to),核发issueapassport/permit/visaetc.e.g.:Visitorsareissuedwithidentitycardstowearinsidethefactory.ThepoliceinBritainarenotusuallyissuedwithguns.,LanguagePoints,issuevt.Collocations:issuesth.(tosb.)将某物发给、供给或分配给某人使用Thepolicydocumentwillbeissuedtoallemployees.issuesomebodywithsomethingAlltheworkerswereissuedwithprotectiveclothing.,LanguagePoints,issuen.asubjectorproblemthatisoftendiscussedorarguedabout,esp.asocialorpoliticalmatterCollocations:raiseanissueaddressanissueresolveanissueconfuse/cloudanissueSomethingisnottheissue堕胎在美国是个备受争议的话题。Abortionisahighlycontroversialissue.,LanguagePoints,issuen.Amagazineornewspaperprintedforaparticularday,week,ormonth.theJanuaryissueofNewsweekTheactofofficiallygivingpeoplesthtousetheissueofidentitycardstoallnon-residentsPhrasesTheimmigrationwerenotthequestionatissue.Itisdifficulttotakeissuewithhisanalysis.IwasupsetbyEleanorsremarks,butdidntmakeanissueofit.,LanguagePoints,Itmaybeweareissuedahuntinglicensebutofferednogame.(Para.1)“game”=awildanimalorbirdhuntedforsports.Metaphor:whatisbeingpursued,i.e.,happiness.Itisroughlyequivalentto“falsegoal”Itmaybethatwearegiventhechancetopursuehappiness,butwedontknowwhereitis,becausemaybethereisnohappinessassuchatall.,LanguagePoints,Deceivevt.tomakesomeonebelievesomethingthatisnottruedeceivesomebodyintodoingsomethingdeceivesomebodyaboutsomethingIwouldntdeceiveyouaboutanythingasimportantasthis.deceiveyourselfIthoughtshelovedme,butIwasdeceivingmyself.Derivation:deceit(n.);deceitful(adj.);deceptive(adj.);deception(n.),LanguagePoints,Deceivevt.WordKnowledge:-ceive/-cept:totake/holdreceiveperceiveconceiveperceptive;perceptioninceptive;inceptionconceptive,CulturalBackground,VanityFairvanity:greatprideintheirappearanceorabilities;thelackofimportanceofsomethingcomparedtootherthingsthataremuchmoreimportant浮华；OriginatesfromJohnBunyans(班扬)PilgrimsProgress(天路历程):townfaircalledVanityWilliamThackerayuseditforthetitleofhisnovel,whichsatirizessocietyintheearly19thEngland,CulturalBackground,VanityFairvanity:greatprideintheirappearanceorabilities;thelackofimportanceofsomethingcomparedtootherthingsthataremuchmoreimportant浮华；Nowitcanbeusedforanyplaceorgroup,astheworldorfashionablesociety,characterizedbyordisplayingapreoccupationwithidlepleasureorostentationthelandoffalsegoals,JonathanSwiftseemedtothinksowhenheattackedtheideaofhappinessas“thepossessionofbeingwell-deceived,”,Happinessastateofbeingcompletelycontrolledbydeceptionafoolamongknaveswedeceiveourselvesintobelievingwhatwearepursuingmakessense,LanguagePoints,wedo,however,seemtobededicatedtotheideaofbuyingourwaytohappiness“Way”construction:V.onesway:Frankdughiswayoutofprison.Theairplanescreecheditswaydownward.Samjokedhiswayintothemeetingmoveinaroute;withsomedifficulty;means/mannerSallymadeherwayintotheballroom.,Introduction(12),Wearededicatedtotheideaofbuyingourwaytowardhappiness.WeshallallhavemadeittoHeavenwhenwepossessenoughhappiness=possessingwearegiventherighttopursuehappiness,butwedontknowwhatishappiness;wetrytoacquireitthroughbuying.,PartII:analysis,TopicSentencestheforcesofAmericancommercialismarehugelydedicatedtomakingusdeliberatelyunhappy(para.3)Theideaofhappiness,tobesure,willnotsitstillforeasydefinition:thebestonecandoistotrytosetsomeextremestotheideaandthenworkintowardthemiddle(para.7),PartII:analysis,TwosectionsPhenomena(3-6)Examples:commercializedsocietymisconceptionofhappiness“Solution”(7-9)Ideaofhappiness:someextremes,SectionI:36,insatiability;patriotism;release;flawless;exhale;uplifting;strap;,LanguagePoints,Insatiabilityn.=insatiable:alwayswantingmoreofsth.;notabletobesatisfiedaninsatiableappetite/curiosity/thirst人们对于欲望的追求似乎永无止境。Thereseemstobeaninsatiabledemand/pursuitfordesires.Derivation:satiate(v.)givesbsomuchofsthsothattheydonotfeeltheywantanymore使厌腻,LanguagePoints,patriotismn.strongfeelingsoflove,respect,anddutytowardsyourcountrye.g.:TheChinesepeopledemonstratedgreatpatriotismincombatingtheearthquakethatstruckSichuanProvinceinMay2008.patriotn.爱国者patriotica.爱国的patrioticallyad.,LanguagePoints,releasevt.1)Tomakesthavailabletopublic公开；发布toreleaseamovie/book/CDetc.关于这次事故，警方没有透露更多的细节。Policehavereleasednofurtherdetailsabouttheaccident.2)toletsb/sthcomeoutofaplacewheretheyhavebeenkeptortrappedtoreleaseaprisoner/hostage3)toexpressfeelingssuchasangerorworryinordertogetridofthem她放声大哭，发泄出全部郁积起来的情感。Sheburstintotears,releasingallherpent-upemotions.,LanguagePoints,releaserelease(n.)HerlatestreleaseisarocknrollversionofMyWay.Simonhasobtainedearlyreleasefromprison.Themoviegoesongeneralreleasenextweek.=itwillbeshownincinemas/movietheatresbeon(general)releasepressrelease（政府机构、政党等发布的）新闻稿考试后的解脱感asenseofreleaseaftertheexam,LanguagePoints,flawlessa.withoutanymistakes,marksorbadfeatureflawlesscompositionThebabywasplump,hisskinflawlessandhiseyesbrightblue.Synonyms:stainless;impeccableWordCollection:disadvantage;shortcomingflawdefectinadequacy,LanguagePoints,exhalevt./vi.1.breatheairoutthroughyourmouthornose呼出;轻轻发出(声音等)Holdyourbreathforfivesecondsandthenexhaleslowly.他吐出一股雪茄。Heexhaledabillowofcigarsmoke.2.toemitsmell,gasetc.散发Carsexhalefumes.inhaleexhalationn.=evaporation,LanguagePoints,upliftinga.makingyoufeelhappierandmorehopefulacharmingandupliftinglovestory=uplift(v./n.)tomakesth.higher/happieranincrease/feelingofhappinessThisvictorywasamassiveupliftforus.anupliftinthestockmarketSynonyms:heartening;exhilarating;electrifying,LanguagePoints,Strapvt.n.带子fastensomethingorsomeoneinplacewithoneormorestrapsbestrappedin(Text)Shemuststrapherselfinordertodisplaythatperfectfigure.chinstrap(Chinese)绳之以法,LanguagePoints,perpetuala.1.continuingallthetimewithoutchangingorstoppingHesoongrewtiredofherperpetualdemandsformoney.=perpetuallyad.他们希望生活在永久幸福之中。Theyhopedtoliveinperpetualhappiness.2.repeatedmanytimesinawaythatannoysyou;连续不断的e.g.:mymothersperpetualnaggingSynonyms:permanent,eternal,everlasting,PartII:Analysis,Section1(3-6):anumberofexamplestoshowhowthemisconceptionofhappiness(buying)givesrisetothe“happiness-market”wearetaughtthattopossessistobehappy,andthenwearemadetowantcaradvertisements:“YouAutoBuyNow”womensmagazines:anillusionharnesschinstrapslaxativetablets;,HormonesofperpetualyouthVaricoseveins,PartII:Analysis,Section1(3-6):anumberofexamplestoshowhowthemisconceptionofhappiness(buying)givesrisetothe“happiness-market”Obviouslynohalf-sanepersoncanbecompletelypersuadedeitherbysuchpoetryorbysuchpharmacopoeiaandorthopedics.Clearlythehappinessmarketisnotrunningoutofcustomers,butwhataretheytryingtobuy?rhetoricalquestion,Furtherdiscussion,Whataretheytryingtobuy?Theforceofadvertisingpossessing=happiness/successadvertisingmotto,PartII:Analysis,Section2(79)twoextremes:materialistic;spiritualmaterialismraptcontemplationdevouttorturediscipline,LanguagePoints,materialistica.believingthathavingmoneyandpossessionsisthemostimportantthinginlifee.g.:Membersofthissecthaverejectedmodernmaterialisticvalues.materialismn.E.g.TheydislikedthematerialismoftheWestandwenttoliveinNepal.=other“-ism”pragmatism;realism;idealismtranscendentalism超验主义,LanguagePoints,Raptadj.Deeplyabsorbed;engrossed：他整晚上都陷入深深的沉思Hewasraptinthoughtallevening.Contemplationn.Meditationonspiritualmatters,especiallyasaformofdevotion.沉思,冥想她静静地沉思了一个小时。Shespentanhourinquietcontemplation.他经过周密思考后作出了决定。Hereachedhisdecisionafteragooddealofcontemplation.belostincontemplation想得出了神havesth.incontemplation打算企图做某事.By1613evenmoredesperatemeasureswereincontemplation.,LanguagePoints,Devouta.1.Displayingreverenceorpiety;veryreligiouse.g.:HisfatherisadevoutBuddhist.她是个虔诚的女孩,从来不忘做祷告。Sheneverforgetstosayherprayers;sheisadevoutgirl.2.Sincere;earnestdevoutwishesforyoursuccessDerivation:devoutlyad.devoutnessn.,LanguagePoints,disciplinen.theabilitytocontrolyourownbehaviororthewayyoulive,work,etc.Heachievesitthoughafantasticallydemandingdiscipline,theaccomplishmentofwhichisitselfajoywithinhim.thepracticeoftrainingpeopletoobeyrulesandpunishingthemiftheydonot.训练；训导Theschoolhasareputationforhighstandardsofdiscipline.amethodoftrainingyourmind/bodyorofcontrollingyourbehavior瑜伽是一种学会放松的有效方法。Yogaisagooddisciplineforlearningtorelax.,LanguagePoints,Disciplinevt.trainsb./sth.tobeobedient,self-controlled,skillful,etc.e.g.:Themilitaryschoolsusuallydisciplinestudentsstrictly.disciplineyourself:Tocontrolthewayyoubehave他规定自己每周至少锻炼三次。Hedisciplinedhimselftoexerciseatleastthreetimesaweek.=disciplinarya.,PartII:Analysis,Section2:TwoextremesmaterialisticextremeThinkofhappinessasacquisitiveandcompetitivespiritualextremeneedingnothingfromoutsidehimselfContemplationishisjoyandheachievesitthroughafantasticallydemandingdiscipline,theaccomplishmentofwhichisitselfajoywithinhim.catatonichappinesstorturetoalmostanyWesternman,LanguagePoints,Torturen.Theactofcausingsb.severepaininordertopunishthemormakethemsayordosthHisconfessionsweremadeundertorture.e.g.Manyoftheprisonersdiedundertorture.许多战俘被折磨致死。2.greatphysicalormentalpain;sththatcausesthepain+to-v她受牙痛的折磨。e.g.Shesufferedtorturesfromatoothache.Theinterviewwassheertorturefromstarttofinish.=Tortured(adj.),LanguagePoints,Torturev.1.Tohurtsb.inordertopunishthemormakethemtellyousth他受不住酷刑被迫向他们供出了情报。Hewastorturedintogivingthemtheinformation.2.tomakesbfeelextremelyunhappyoranxiouse.g.Hespenthislifetorturedbythememoriesofhischildhood.Synonyms:torment;excruciate;afflict=Torturer(n.),LanguagePoints,perceptionn.theabilitytorealizeornoticethingsthatarenotobvioustootherpeople洞察力，悟性他对家庭状况的分析显示出敏锐的洞察力。Sheshowedgreatperceptioninherassessmentofthefamilysituation.Thewayyounoticethings,esp.withthesensesourperceptionofrealitycolor/visualperception色觉；视觉Anidea,abelieforanimageyouhaveasaresultofhowyouseeorunderstandsthacampaigntochangepublicperceptionofthepolice,LanguagePoints,perceptionn.perceivev.感知,感到,认识到我看不出这些硬币有什么差别。e.g.:Icantperceiveanydifferencebetweenthesecoins.Perceivesth(assth):Tounderstandorthinkofsthinaparticularway这一发现被视为一项重大突破。Thisdiscoverywasperceivedasamajorbreakthrough.Theywerewidelyperceivedtohavebeenunlucky.,LanguagePoints,perceptivea.Havingtheabilitytoperceive;有感知能力的；或与感知有关的：e.g.:Childrencanbeamazinglyperceptiveaboutadultsmoods.perceptivefaculties.感知的能力感觉(敏锐)的;有理解力的agoodperceptivearticle一篇富有洞察力的好文章,LanguagePoints,disapproveof不赞成;不同意notapproveofsb./sth.e.g.:Istronglydisapproveofanyonewhogoesoutatnightandleavestheirchildrenalone.Istronglydisapproveofunder-agedrinking.Derivation:disapprovaln.disapprovinga.e.g.:Hissistergavehimadisapprovingglanceandherealizedhehadsaidthewrongthing.,LanguagePoints,put(sth.)into/insth./doingsth.tospendalotoftimeoreffortdoingsomethinge.g.:Youveobviouslyputalotofworkinyourgarden.IfIputinsomeextrahourstoday,Icanhavesometimeofftomorrow.我们花了很多时间和精力把房子装饰漂亮。Weveputalotoftimeandeffortintomakingthehouselooknice.,Theactivedisciplineofheighteningonesperceptionofwhatisenduringinnaturewouldhavebeenhisideaofthehigh.(Para.9:P170),Paraphrase:TheactiveexerciseortrainingtoimproveonesunderstandingofwhatisoflastingvaluewouldhavebeenThoreausideaofthehighlevels,i.e.spiritualhappiness.他心目中的“高层次”，则是树立积极向上的人生律条，能认识到什么是世间恒久之物。,PartII:Analysis,Twoextremes:Thoreau:tosaveonthelowlevelsinordertospendonthehighLowlevels:possessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhoodHighlevels:heighteningonesperceptionofwhatisenduringinnature,IWenttotheWoods,HenryDavidThoreauIwenttothewoodsbecauseIwantedtolivedeliberatelyIwantedtolivedeepandsuckoutallmarrowoflife!Toputtoroutallthatwasnotlifeandnot,whenIcametodie,discoverthatIhadnotlived.,India:Pilgrimseverywhere,我们是否一度在都市的繁华里，迷失了自己？我们是否在欲望膨胀的今天，找不到方向？我们是否生活在物质发达的社会，依然感觉不到快乐?,在内心深处，我们思考过我们的人生和生命存在的价值吗？没有信仰，找不到归属感，看不清生与死的轮回，不注重心灵的充实和升华，不籍着知识的火炬来看清周围世界真相，这样的人生是多么可悲啊！,Spiritualextreme,佛教僧侣MatthieuRichard(曾是一位生物化学家）认为人们可以通过修身养性来求得内心真正的安宁和圆满。ThedifferencebetweenpleasureandhappinessTheroadtohappiness,PartIII:Authorsopinion,Whatishappinesspartialdeclareinherentunderlinecardinal,LanguagePoints,partiala.1.notcompleteThechangesareduetothepartialdestructionofthemoleculesstructure.2.Havingaparticularlikingorfondnessforsomethingorsomeone(对某物或某人)偏爱的,偏袒的partialtowardssb./sth.偏心，偏袒partialtosb./sth.他对蓝眼睛的、运动型的女人是偏爱的。Hespartialtosportywomenwithblueeyes.partialityn.;partiallyad.prejudiced;biased|Impartial,Declare,vt.announceofficiallythatsth.istrueorhappeninge.g.:Thepresidentsbudgetmessagedeclaredthattheneweconomicprogramwasworkingwell.declarewaron.向宣战declareagainststh.声明反对某事宣布他为优胜者declarehimthewinnerdeclareonesinnocencetosaypubliclywhatyouthinkorfeeldeclareoneswillingnesstodoit表明愿意做这件事declareoneself(tobe)sth.申报(纳税品等)Doyouhaveanythingtodeclare?你有什么要申报的吗？declarationn.,declare,announce,proclaim,这几个词均含“宣布”之义。declare表示正式地、明确地“宣布”declarewaronaneighbouringstate向邻国宣战announce表示第一次宣布大家可能感兴趣的或能满足好奇心的事情，也可表示“报告的到达”，“通知飞机的起降”，例如：Thegovernmentannounceditsneweconomicpolicies.announcethedepartureofaflight通知航班起飞proclaim表示在公众场合大声地或用扩音器宣布，含有持续不断地、反复地宣扬之义(emphatic)Thecountryproclaimeditsindependence.,LanguagePoints,inherenta.beinganaturalpartofanactivityorsituationandcantbeseparatedfromite.g.:However,thistheorydoesnotreflectthecomplexitiesinherentinreallife.Recruitssoonlearntocopewiththeinherentdangerofpolicework.天生的对陌生人的不信任aninherentdistrustofstrangersinherentlyad.,LanguagePoints,underlinevt.emphasizesth.orstatethatitisimportante.g.:Inthemanagersspeechheunderlinedseveralpoints.出租车司机的罢工突出表明公共交通制度亟需改革。Strikesoftaxidriversunderlinedtheneedforreforminthepublictraffic.,LanguagePoints,cardinala.veryimportante.g.:Thecardinalspiritinthisbookistoleranceandlove.acardinalruleofbehavior行为的基本原则CardinalRules(n.)ahigh-rankingpriestintheCatholicchurch红衣主教,PartIII:Authorsopinion,WhatishappinessWhateverhappinessmaybe,itisneitherinhavingnorinbeing,butinbecoming.inherentrighthappinessisinthepursuititself,inthemeaningfulpursuitofwhatislife-engagingandlife-revealing,whichistosay,theideaofbecoming.thesisstatement,PartIII:Authorsopinion,Happinessisinthepursuititself,inthemeaningfulpursuitofwhatislife-engagingandlife-revealing,whichistosay,intheideaofbecoming.投入生活值得投入；反映生活similarstructureconsuming:energy-consuming;oil-consuming;time-consumingbreath-taking;prize-winning;self-revealingstricken:poverty-stricken;grief-stricken;panic-stricken,Summary,WhatishappinessIntroduction:righttopursuehappinesswhereishappinesssocialphenomena:buyingourwaytohappinessAnalysis:examplesofhappinessmarket:whataretheytryingtobuygetsomeextremesandworkintowardthemiddlematerialisticextreme/spiritualextremeConclusionhappinessisinthepursuitofhappinessitself,课程介绍我们来到这个世上，到底追求什么才是最重要的？他坚定地认为：幸福感是衡量人生的唯一标准，是所有目标的最终目标。TalBen博士被誉为“最受欢迎讲师”和“人生导师,Happiness,Happinessisnotafixedstate,itisaprocessofpursuit.Youcannotdefinebeingabsolutelyhappy;butyoucanalwayschoosetobecomehappier.,Phrases,commercialism:theactivitiesorattitudesofpeoplewhothinkthatmakingaprofitismoreimportantthananythingelse;emphasisonthemaximizingofprofit商业主义,forthatmatter:itisalsotruethat(Thephrase“forthatmatter”isusedtoemphasizethatsth.,thoughmentionedsecond,isalsotrue,important,orrelevantaswhathasbeenmentionedearlier.)就此而论，在这方面,face:aspect方面,innature:essentially事实上，本质上,v.n.a.n.,deceivedeceptiondeceptivedeceptiveness,欺骗骗局，诡计，欺诈迷惑的，虚伪的，欺诈的迷惑,他骗我买了一个假冒产品。,Hedeceivedmeintopayingforthefakeproduct.,dedicatededicateddedication,献出；致力于专注的；献身的奉献,e.g.,她毕生致力于教授英语。,ShededicatedherlifetoteachingEnglish.,v.a.n.,Translation,1.1935年10月，中国红军历尽艰苦和牺牲，最后终于到达了陕北。(makeoneswayto)InOctober1935,theChineseRedArmy,havingenduredthroug