初中英语定语从句讲解课件PPT精选文档

1,TheAttributiveClause,定语从句,2,解决两个问题：第一，什么是定语？第二，什么可以作定语？概念定语常常用来修饰名词，常常放在名词的前面或名词后。（一）放在名词前面用来修饰名词的词语有哪些？如abigdog，mybook，theseflowers，beautifulpictures总结：形容词(adj.)，形容词物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/your/their)，不定代词(this/that/these/those)常常放在名词前修饰名词；,3,红裤子旧自行车那些树我们的学校这只猫蓝色的天空,redpants,oldbikes/anoldbike,thosetrees,ourschool,thiscat,bluesky,注意：形容词修饰下面三个词的时候要放到这三个的后面：somethingimportant，anythingfunny，nothingspecial,4,（二）放在名词后面用来修饰名词的词语有哪些？例如：streetsinBeijing(北京的街道)，shopsalongstreets(沿街的商店)，thepicturesonthewall(墙上的图画)dogsthatlikeeatingfruits(爱吃水果的狗)，studentswhohelpedteachers(帮助老师的学生)总结：介词短语和句子修饰名词的时候，放在名词的后面介词短语通常是：介词+地点等,5,这里的人们海里的鱼教室前面的树我们家的照片擅长跑步的男孩爱唱歌的小鸟,peoplehere,fishesinthesea,treesinfrontoftheclassroom,thepicturesofmyfamily,aboywhoisgoodatrunning,birdsthatlikesinging,6,今天的话题就是定语从句，即一个句子放在一个词的后面修饰该词，这个句子就叫定语从句。学习定语从句需要牢牢把握三点：第一，定语从句和被修饰词之间要有一个连接词连接，该词在语法上被称之为“关系代词或副词”；第二，被定语从句修饰的词语，在语法上被称之“先行词”，该“先行词”的作用是：在后面的定语从句中充当某一个成分，如作主语，作宾语，作定语，作状语等。第三，先行词（物还是人）及先行词在句子中做什么成分（主语？宾语？定语？状语？），决定了用哪个关系代词或副词。,WhichbabyisJack?,穿红裤子的baby是Jack。,Thebabyiswearingredpants.,ThebabyisJack.,ThebabyisJack.,whoiswearingredpants,Jack,定语从句,先行词,关系代词who,总结：先行词是人且在定语从句中作主语用who引导,Whichhouseismine?,房(子的)顶是棕色的房子是我的。,Thehouseismine.,whoseroofisbrown,Myhouse,Thehousesroofisbrown.,Thehouseismine.,定语从句,先行词,关系代词whose,总结：先行词若在定语从句中表“属于所有的”用whose引导,9,Italkedwiththeman.,Themanisourteacher.,Theman(who/whom)Italkedwith(-)isourteacher.,Italkedwiththemanwhoisourteacher,总结：先行词是人且在定语从句中作宾语用who/whom引导，且可以省略。,总结：先行词是人且在定语从句中作主语用who引导，不可以省略。,10,Thesearethetrees.,Thetreeswereplantedlastyear.,Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.,总结:先行词是物且在定语从句中作主语或宾语用which引导。,这些是去年栽的树。,11,总结：先行词是人且在定语从句中做主语或宾语的时候，关系代词_；作宾语的时候，用_,先行词若在宾语从句中充当定语表示“（谁）的”时候，关系代词用_,先行词若是物且在宾语从句中充当主语或宾语的时候，关系代词是_,who,whom,whose,which,总结：若先行词是人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语时都可以用that引导。,Aplaneisamachine.Amachinecanfly.,Aplaneisamachine_canfly.,Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.,Heistheman_Itoldyouabout.,定语从句中的另一个关系代词that,which,that,who/whom,that,1.Thehouse_welivein(-)isveryold.2.Thosearetheshoes_Ilost(-)lastweek.3.Thatistheman_foundmyhandbag.4.Lucycanteatfood_haschocolateinit.5.Thecar_myunclebought(-)lastmonthisverybeautiful.,which/that,which/that,who/that,which/that,which/that,归纳:that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,只指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。,1)Aplaneisamachine_canfly.2)Thecar_myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen.3)Thestudents_dontstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.4)Thewoman_yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.,which/that,which/that,who/that,whom/that,6.Thevillage_GuoPenglivesinisveryfaraway.7.Theboy_iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.8.Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle.9.Thedetectivefoundthethieves_robbedtheBankofHawaii.10.Myauntworksinauniversity_hasoverfivethousandstudents.,which/that,who/that,who/that,who/that,which/that,以下情况只能用“that”作关系代词：1.先行词既有指人又有指物；2.当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时或有theonly,thevery等修饰时；3.先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing等不定代词；4.主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时；,Fillintheblanks:1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything_Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel_Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_isreadingunderthetree?7.Whichisthepen_youbought?,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,18,Illneverforgettheday,关系副词（一）when,Ijoinedtheleagueontheday.,IllneverforgetthedayonwhenIjoinedtheleague.,IllneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheleague.,注意：这里的when是副词，所以前面的on省略掉,注：但是若把theday看做是on的宾语，我们可以用代替宾语的引导词which。如下,IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleagueon.,19,关系副词（二）where.,Thisisthehouse.,Ilivedinthehousetwoyearsago.,ThisisthehouseinwhereIlivedtwoyearsago.,注意：这里的where是副词，所以前面的in省略掉,注：但是若把thehouse看做是in的宾语，我们可以用代替宾语的引导词which。如下,ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.,ThisisthehousewhereIlivedintwoyearsago.,Iknowthereason.,关系副词（三）why,Iknowthereasonforwhyshewaslate.,Shewaslateforthereason.,Iknowthereasonwhyshewaslatefor.,Iknowthereasonforwhichshewaslate.,21,7.Icantforgetthedays_Istudiedincollege.Icantforgetthedayson_IstudiedincollegeIcantforgetthedays_Ispent(-)incollege.8.Thelibrary_weoftenreadbooksonSundaysisnotfarfromourschool.9.Thelibrary_weoftenreadin(-)onSundaysisnotfarfromourschool.,when,which,which,注意下面的句子引导词的使用,where,which,(Icantforgetthedays;Istudiedinthecollegeonthedays),(Icantforgetthedays;Ispentthedaysinthecollege),(Thelibraryisnotfarfromourschool;weoftenreadinthelibraryonSundays),22,10.Nooneknowsthereason_sheisleavingsoearly.Nooneknowsthereasonfor_sheisleavingsoearly.11.Theycametoariver_anewbridgeisbeingbuiltover(-).12.Theycametoariver_anewbridgeisbeingbuilt.,why,which,which,where,Nooneknowsthereason;sheisleavingsoearlyforthereason,Theycametoariver.Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltovertheriver.,23,自”即“介词which”引导我定语从句应注意：1介测词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与试先行词的搭配关系1）Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear_mysonwenttocollege.4)Igothomeat7:00p.m.yesterday_mostpeoplehadhadsupper.,when/onwhich,when/duringwhich,when/inwhich,when/bywhich,24,5.Istillremembertheday_wespentintheforest.6.Istillremembertheday_IfirstcametoBeijing.7.Thefactory_wewillvisitislarge.8.Thefactory_hisfatherworksislarge.9.Illneverforgetthetime_weworkonthefarm.10.Thisisthehouse_welivedlastyear.,that/which,when/onwhich,that/which,where/inwhich,when/atwhich,where/inwhich,归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.,25,以下为较难的定语从句：Completethefollowingsentences:1.Isthistheschool_youvisited(-)lastyear?Isthisschool_youvisitedlastyear?2.Heisoneofthestudentswho_goodatmath.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_goodatmath.3.Thegirl_wasalwayshonestliedtome.Thegirl_Imet(-)liedtome.4.Idontknowthetime_shearrive(-)5.Chinaisnolongerthecountry_Isaw(-)10yearsago.,that/which,theone,are,is,who,whom,when,that/which,在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：1由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，又在从句中充当一个成分，因此，要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。2当先行词指人时，关系代词可用who（做主语，宾语），that（做主语，宾语），whom（作宾语），whose（作定语）3当先行词指物时，关系代词可用that（做主语，宾语），which（做主语，宾语）4在定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词常可省，但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时，介词后只用whom，指物时，介词后只用which。,ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.,若先行词在定语从句做某个介词的宾语，如果介词提前，作宾语的关系代词不能省略。,指物，只用which指人,只用whom,Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?,Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?,Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.,Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,that,orwhich.,1Theearthquake_hitthecityin1906wasthebiggestinAmericanhistory.2Wedontknowthenumberofpeople_losttheirhomesinthe1906earthquake.3Thehouse_theybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.4Ahouse_isbuiltonsandmayfal