虚拟语气专题复习(The Subjunctive Mood)

TheSubjunctiveMood,虚拟语气,高中英语语法专题复习,遵义市贵州钢绳中学杨讯制作,虚拟语气,高中英语语法专题复习,知识详解,高考真题,跟踪练习,虚拟语气,高中英语语法专题复习,知识详解,高考真题,跟踪练习,I.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandtrytotellwhateachsentenceimplies.,1-1IwishIcouldremembermoreaboutmymum.(Key),1-2Icantremembermoreaboutmymum.,2-1Iwishshewereherewithmeandthatwewerentsick.(Key),2-2SheisntherewithmeandIwassick.,II.Questions:,Thefirstindicatesawishthatcantberealized,andthesentencejustshowsthefact.,TheSubjunctiveMoodisjusttoshowthespeakerswish,supposing,guessingorsuggestion.Itisoftenshownbythespecialformoftheverb.,1.Whatdifferencehaveyoufoundbetweenthetwosentencesineachgroup?,2.DoyouknowwhattheSubjunctiveMoodmeansandhowitbeused?,虚拟语气（TheSubjunctiveMood),1、虚拟语气：表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。2、虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。,虚拟语气的用法：,1、用于宾语从句中2、用于非真实条件状语从句中3、用于表语从句、同位语从句中4、用于以asif(asthough)引导的表语从句或状语从句中5、用于主语从句中6、用于定语从句中7、用于以ifonly引导的感叹句中8、用wouldrather后接的从句中9、用于Ifitwerenotfor结构中10、用于含蓄虚拟条件句中11、用于错综时间条件句中12、虚拟条件句的省略与倒装,虚拟语气的用法：,1、用于宾语从句中2、用于非真实条件状语从句中3、用于表语从句、同位语从句中4、用于以asif(asthough)引导的表语从句或状语从句中5、用于主语从句中6、用于定语从句中7、用于以ifonly引导的感叹句中8、用wouldrather后接的从句中9、用于Ifitwerenotfor结构中10、用于含蓄虚拟条件句中11、用于错综时间条件句中12、虚拟条件句的省略与倒装,1、虚拟语气用于宾语从句中（1）,1、用于“wish+宾语从句”表不能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜”、“就好了”、“悔不该”、“但愿”；其中有三种主要形式。IwishIhadseenthefilmyesterday.IwishIwereagreatscientistnow.Iwishshewouldcomeontimetomorrow.,Infact,shewontcomeontimetomorrow.,Infact,Ididntseethefilmyesterday.,Infact,Iamnotagreatscientistnow.,（1）表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的用“had+过去分词“或“(could)would+have+过去分词”:,我们真希望早到两小时就好了。（实际上我们并没有早到两小时。）,我真希望我昨天没有遇到他就好了。（实际上我却遇到他了。）,Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.(Infact,wedidnt.),IwishIhadntmethimyesterday.(Butinfact,Ireallymeethimyesterday.),（2）表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中动词用过去时（be动词一般用were)。,我真希望我是一只鸟在空中飞翔。（可事实上我却不是一只鸟，不能在空中飞翔。）,Iwishtherewereabigfirehere.（Butthereisnofire.),IwishIwereabirdflyinginthesky.(ButIamnotindeed.),我真希望有一堆火就好了。（可事实上却没有火。）,（3）表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中用“would(could)+动词原形”。,Iwishyoucouldgowithus.(Butinfactyoucant.)我真希望你能跟我们一起去。（但事实上，你却不能。）TomwishesKatewouldmarryhim.(Butinfactshewont.)汤姆真希望凯特会嫁给他。（可事实上，她不会嫁给他。）,2、虚拟语气用于宾语从句中（2）虚拟语气在动词arrange,command,demand,desire,insist(坚持),order,propose(提议),request,require,suggest(建议)等后面的宾语从句中，用“（should)+动词原形”。,Hedemandedthatwe(should)startrightaway.他要求我们马上出发。Weinsistedthatshe(should)gowithus.我们坚持要求她跟我们一起去。,Isuggestedwegotherebybus.Theofficialorderedhissoldiersstandattention.Thepremierproposedalldrinktotheirfriendship.TheCPCrequireswelearnfromComradeLeifeng.,（1）表示与现在事实相反,IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyanewcar.(ButIhavenomoneyatpresent.),我要是有一大笔钱的话，我就会买一辆新车。（可事实上我现在却没有钱。）,IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveanAIDSpatientahug.,（2）表示与过去事实相反,我要是昨天参加了会议，我就会知道他们四个人讨论的内容了。,IfIhadattendedthemeetingyesterday,Iwouldhaveknownwhattheyfourdiscussed.,（3）表示与将来事实相反,Ifitwereto/shouldraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.（Butitwontraintomorrow,andthemeetingwontbeputoffeither.),如果明天下雨的话，运动会就将被推迟。(事实上，明天不会下雨，运动会也就不会被推迟。）,Tomorrow,图解：虚拟语气用于非真实条件状语从句中,(should)go,3、虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句中,名词advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等的表语从句和同位语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的构成是(should)+动词原形。,(should)go,Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforoursummervocation.,Myideaisthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforoursummervocation.,4、虚拟语气用于以asif(asthough)引导的表语从句或状语从句中,asif/asthough意为“似乎”，“好像”。常表示一种相反的事实。,（表语从句）,Hecoughedtwiceasifsomeoneshouldcome.,（状语从句）,Theytalkedwarmlyasiftheyhadknowneachotherforlong.,（状语从句）,图解：虚拟语气用于asif/though引导的从句中,would/could/might或should+动词原形,发生在主句动作之后,过去式（be动词常用were),与主句动作同时发生,had+动词过去分词,发生在主句动作之前,从句中虚拟语气的结构,从句动作发生的时间,注：当从句中的情况为可能发生的事或被设想为真实的时，从句也可以用陈述语气。,5、虚拟语气用于主语从句中,在主语从句中，谓语动词可以用虚拟语气表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此等主观的情感,其谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。,基本句型：,(1)Itbe+过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形+,suggested,requested,ordered,proposed,etc.,Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.,Itssuggestedthateverybody(should)buyadictionary.,(2)Itbe+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形+,important,necessary,natural,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange,surprising,etc.,Itisnecessarythatwe(should)haveawalknow.,Itsimportantthatwe(should)takegoodcareofthepatient.,apity/ashame/nowonder,etc.,Itisapitythatyou(should)besocareless.,注：此种从句若表示惊奇的情感则用虚拟语气，否则也可以用陈述语气。,(3)Itbe+名词+that+(should)+动词原形+,Itisapitythatyoudidntcome.,6、虚拟语气用于定语从句中,英语中，表示“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：,Itishightimethatwewereleaving.,Itishightimethatweshouldleave.,Itis(high/about)timethat+主语+过去式（或should+动词原形）,7、虚拟语气用于以ifonly引导的感叹句中,ifonly意为“如果是”，“要是就好了”,IfonlyIwereher.,感叹句中的动词用动去式（be用were）或过去完成式,我要是她就好了。,8、虚拟语气用wouldrather后接的从句中,wouldratherthat,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,表示与客观事实不相符合的一种愿望。其具体结构为：,现在：,过去：,未来：,Iwouldratheryoupaintedthewallgreennexttime.,9、虚拟语气用于Ifitwerenotfor结构中,Ifitwerenotfor结构意为：“如果没有”，表示同现在事实相反的假设。从句中用过去式（be用were），主句中用would/should+动词原形。,Ifitwerenotforthewater,thefishwouldnotbethathappy.,Ifithadnotbeenfortheambulancecomingintime,thewoundedmanwouldhavebeendead.,Ifithadnotbeenfor结构意为：“如果当时没有”，表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句中用过去完成式，主句中用would/should+have+过去分词。,10、含蓄虚拟条件句,含蓄虚拟条件句，是指将条件隐含在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。谓语动词形式与非真实条件句中用法一致。,（1）将条件隐含在不定式短语中,Ishouldbehappytogowithyou.,(=IshouldbehappyifIcouldgowithyou.),（2）将条件隐含在分词短语中。,Failingthistime,whatwouldyoudo?,(=Ifyoufailedthistime,whatwouldyoudo?),（3）将条件隐含在介词短语(如without,butfor要不是)等中。,Withoutair,noonecouldyoulive.,(=Iftherewerenoair,whatnocouldlive.),（4）将条件隐含在名词短语中。,Afewhoursearlier,andyouwouldhaveseenthefamouswriter.,(=Ifyouhadcomeafewhoursearlier,you),（5）将条件隐含在某些连词(如or,orelse,otherwise等)中。,Imreallyverybusy,otherwiseIwouldcertainlygotherewithyou.,(otherwise=IfIwerenotsobusy,（6）将条件隐含在定语从句中。,Anyonewhohadseenthatpaintingmighthavetakenitforaphoto.,(=Ifanyonewhohadseenthatpaintingmighthavetakenitforaphoto.),（7）将条件隐含在一定的上下文中。,Dontbothertoreadallthesepapers.Itwouldtaketoolong.,(=Ifyoureadallthesepapers,itwouldtaketoolong.,11、错综时间条件句,错综时间条件句，是指从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。,（1）从句指过去，而主句指现在,从句：had+过去分词,主句：would/could+动词原形,Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.,（2）从句指现在，而主句指过去,从句：过去式（be用were),主句：would/could+have+P.P.,Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.,Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.,12、虚拟条件句的省略与倒装,当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,shouldm,had时，if可省略，而将were,should,had置于句首。,Shouldheagreetogowithyou.,Hadhelearntaboutcomputer.,Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.,1.“Well,ltsluckyIcametoarestaurantwhereImknown,”Isaid.“_,Imighthavebeenintrouble.(NMET2005,全国卷I，55)A.ThusB.HoweverC.OtherwiseD.Therefore,历年高考真题,2.Dontyouthinkitnecessarythathe_toMiamibuttoNewYork?Iagree,buttheproblemis_hehasrefusedto.(NMET2005,江苏，33)A.willnotbe;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsent;what,历年高考真题,B.notbesent;that,3.IfI_planetodoanytingIwantedto,IdliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.(NMET2005,湖北，33)A.wouldB.couldC.hadtoD.oughtto,历年高考真题,4.Ifthetraffichadntbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenback6oclock.(NMET2005,湖南，30)A.isB.wasC.wouldbeD.hasbeen,历年高考真题,5.ShallIgiveyouarideasyoulivesofaraway?Thankyou._.(NMET2005,江西，21)A.ItcouldntbebetterB.OfcourseyoucanC.IfyoulikeD.Itsuptoyou,历年高考真题,6.MrWhite_at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidntshowup.(NMET2004全国卷I,27)A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving,历年高考真题,7.I_payTracyavisit,butImnotsurewhetherIwillhavetimethisSunday.(NMET2004浙江，26)A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.could,历年高考真题,8._besenttoworkthere?(NMET2002,上海)A.WhodoyousuggestB.WhodoyousuggestthatshouldC.DoyousuggestwhoshouldD.Doyousuggestwhomshould,历年高考真题,9.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.(NMET2002,上海)A.wouldnthavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall,历年高考真题,10.HowIwisheveryfamily_alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!(2002,上海春招)A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad,历年高考真题,11.Whatshouldhavehappened,_,asfarastheriverbank?(2001,上海)A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther,历年高考真题,12.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_agoal.(2001,上海春招)A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored,历年高考真题,13.Ifonlyhe_quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.(2000上海)A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie,历年高考真题,14.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesunsheat,theearthatnight_forustolive.(1997上海)A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldlyC.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly,历年高考真题,15.Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,she_somethingshewouldregretlater.(1996上海)A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid,历年高考真题,16.Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_inturn,you_sotired.(NMET1996)A.drove;didntgetB.drove;wouldntgetC.weredriving;wouldntgetD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot,历年高考真题,17.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.(NMET1995)A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken,历年高考真题,18.MrLirequiredthecomputerequipmentreferred_usedineveryclassroom.A.shouldbeB.havetobeC.tobeD.tobeing,跟踪练习,19.YangLiweihaswongreathonourforourcountry.WhoisYangLiwei?Whataquestion!Itissurprising_thefirstspacemaninChina.A.youdidntknowournationalheroB.toyounottoknowhimC.youshouldknownothingaboutD.youknewnothingabouthim,跟踪练习,20.Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextterm?Idontknow.Butitsabouttime_onsomething.A.IddecideB.IdecidedC.IdecideD.Imdeciding,跟踪练习,21.Oneoftherequirementsforthefireisthatthematerial_toitsburningtemperature.A.isheatedB.willbeheatedC.wouldbeheaterD.beheated,跟踪练习,22.Robertwishesthathe_businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.A.studiesB.studiedC.hasstudiedD.hadstudied,跟踪练习,23.Mydemandisthattheinformationreferredtoinmyreport_toMr.Brownwithoutdelay.A.tobee-mailedB.e-mailedC.bee-mailedD.beinge-mailed,跟踪练习,24.Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwisehe_tothemeeting.A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.hadcome,跟踪练习,25.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe,跟踪练习,含蓄虚拟条件句,26.Ifhehadnotgoneoutinthestorm,he_alivenow.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.wouldhavebeenD.is,跟踪练习,错综时间条件句,27.IfonlyI_howtooperateanel