Unit 1 Getting along with others 课件 7.ppt

Unit1Gettingalongwithothers课件7,不定式是历次历年高考必考的内容。不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。,1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。Itisimportantformodernyoungpeopletomasteratleasttwoforeignlanguages.It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：a)Itis形容词(easy,important,difficult,foolish,inconvenient,unnecessary,right,wrong.)(for/ofsb.)不定式,b)Itis名词不定式(apleasure,apity,apleasantthing,onesduty,anhonor,ashame,acrime,noeasyjob.ItisessentialtoreserveatableinadvanceofChristmasEve.Itisnoteasytocatchfishwithyourhandsonly.ItisimportantforusyoungpeopletolearnEnglishandmasterit.c)Ittakes(sb.)sometime(hours,months,days,alotoftime,patience.)不定式IttakesmethreehourstolearnEnglisheachday.Ittookthemhalfthenighttogethomeinthesnow.,2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等。Themostimportantthingforoneshealthistohaveplentyofexercise.Mychiefpurposehasbeentopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.3)不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,care,choose,claim,demand,decide,desire,determine,expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,offer,plan,preparepretend,promise,refuse,seek,tend,threaten,want等。,不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中；主语动词it形容词不定式。Wefounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.IthinkitimportanttolearnEnglishwellincollege.使用这种句型的常见动词有：believe,consider,declare,feel,find,guess,imagine,prove,realize,suppose,think,等。4)“whword不定式”结构不定式前加一个疑问代词(what,which,who,whom,whose)或疑问副词(where,when,how,why)，以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语，其作用相当于一个从句，这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾语。常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：know,see,decide,tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,findout,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,observe,perceive,remember,think,understand,wonder等。,5)不定式作状语a)不定式作状语表示目的。或用于soas和inorder之后，来强调这种目的。e.gTolearnaforeignlanguagewell,youmustmakepainstakingefforts.,b)不定式表示结果，特别是在so.asto,such.asto,onlyto.以及too.to等结构中的不定式表示结果。e.gIrushedtothestationasfastasIcould,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadygone.c)不定式常用来修饰形容词，构成下列词组：beableto,beafraidto,beaptto,beboundto,becertainto,beeasyto,beeagerto,befitto,belikelyto,bereadyto,besureto,beunableto,beunwillingto,bewillingto等。e.gItislikelytoraintoday,foritisverycloudy.,6)不定式作宾语补语不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语：ask,advise,allow,beg,cause,compel,command,enable,encourage,expect,feel,force,find,hear,have,inform,invite,let,make,mean,notice,order,permit,persuade,remind,require,request,teach,tell,urge,watch,warn,watch等。Heaskedyoutocallhimattenoclock.,当不定式在let,make,have,hear,lookat,listento,feel,observe,watch,notice,perceive(感觉到)等动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式不带to.e,gWheneversomethingiswrongwithyou,pleasedoletmeknow.7)不定式作主补带有宾语及宾语补足语结构的动词变为被动语态时，原来的宾语变为主语，宾补则变为主补。加主补的动词主要有：believe,know,report,say,suppose等。e.g.Mr.BrownissaidtohaveleftforItalylastweek.(ItissaidthatMr.BrownleftforItalylastweek.),8)不定式作定语a)不定式作定语通常要放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常作下列的名词定语：attempt,ability,anything,chance,desire,determination,decision,effort,failure,intention,need,opportunity,plan,promise,pressure,right,tendency,time,way等。e.g.Hiseffortstocarryouttheplanweresuccessful.Ihavenointentiontogotothecinemawithyou.,b)由only,last,next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。Mr.Zhangisalwaysthefirstmantoarriveattheofficeandthelastmantoleave.Idontthinkheisthebestonetodothework.9)不带to的不定式在下列词组后面的不定式不带to：wouldrather.than(宁愿也不),hadbetter.(最好)，canthelpbut.(不得不),hadrather.(宁愿)，cannotbut.(不得不，必然)，may/mightaswell.(不