句子成分及句子结构.ppt

一.句子成分二.英语基本句型,英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)和补语（complement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,句子包括哪些成分？,主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首,Thegirlispretty.Readingisuseful.Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends.,谓语：,谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成,Theyareteachers.Shelookswell.Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates.HecanspeakEnglish.,表语：,表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面,Iamateacher.Sheishappy.Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow.MyjobistoteachEnglish.Seeingisbelieving.,其它系动词,状态：seem,appear,prove-感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look-变化：become,get,turn,go,come,grow-持续：remain,stay,keep,continue-,宾语,宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后,Sheplaysthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme.IlikewatchingTV.Shelikestogotoshopthisafternoon.Ithinkthatheisgoodguy.,宾语补足语,在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当,Ifyouletmego,Illmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen.WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome.Isawhimenterthehall.Thebosskeepsthemworkingallday.Iheardmynamecalled.,状语,状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当,Hediditcarefully.Withouthishelp,wecouldntworkitout.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen.,定语,定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语,Theblackbikeismine.Whatsyourname?Abrokenvase.Ihave5books.Asleepingboy.Theymadepaperflowers.TheboyintheroomisJack.Ihavesomethingtodo.Itisaswimmingpool.,一)挑出下列句中的宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.,(二)挑出下列句中的表语-Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.-Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.-SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.,(三)挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!,(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMrWanggetonthebus.,(五)挑出下列句中的状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.,Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.Iamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.,1.Themachinedoesntwork.2.Heisanhoneststudent.3.Thesilkfeelssoft.4.Ihavealotoffriendshere.5.Tomlentme200dollars.6.Isawhimwritingaletter.7.Ifindmathsdifficult.8.WecallherLily.9.FatheraskedmetoturnofftheTV.,主,谓,宾,定,状,表,宾补,主,系,anhonest,表,主,系,主,谓,主,主,主,主,主,谓,谓,谓,谓,谓,宾,宾,宾,宾补,宾补,宾补,宾,宾,宾,1.Youwilltell（your）friendthatyouvegottoschool.2.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididntdareopenawindow.,主语,谓语,间宾,定语,直接宾语,原因状语,主语,谓语,宾语,Type2.S+Vi,Type3.S+Vt+O,Type4.S+Vt+O1+O2,Type1.S+linkV+P,Type5.S+Vt+O+OC,1.主语+系动词+表语（S+Link.V+P），说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。,Youarestudents.Weareintheclassroom.Wearegoodfriends,arentwe?,2.主语+不及物动词(S+Vi.),Ourschoolliesinthecenterofourcity.,注：不及物动词不能用于被动语态。,Thecaraccidentwashappenedyesterday.,Youwillgraduatefromitnextyear.,3.主语+及物动词+宾语（S+V