【创新设计】（四川·教师专用）2015届高考总复习增分策略+阅读理解：写作意图题把握体裁抓住高频词（共18张PPT）.ppt

阅读与理解(14)写作意图题(把握体裁，抓住高频词)故事典故类阅读故事和典故一直是人们茶余饭后消遣的重要方式之一，无论是小孩还是大人都有许多精彩的故事，因此，此话题也是高考常涉及到的话题之一。,美文赏析Todaysword，pan，takesusbacktothedaysofthegoldrushinCalifornia.OnJanuary24th,1848，amannamedJamesWilsonMarshalldiscoveredgoldinCalifornia.Thenewsspreadquickly.Thousandsrushedwest.Theytraveledonfoot，onhorsebackandbyboattoreachthegoldfields.By1849，thegreatgoldrushwason.Townsandcitiesgrewovernight.ThroughoutCaliforniainthemountains，alongthestreamsandriversthousandsofpeoplesearchedforgold.,Somefoundareasofmountainrockthickwithgold.Thesemengotrich.Butsuchareaswerefewandquicklyclaimedbythefirstmentofindthem.Otherssearchedforgoldintheriverscomingdownthemountains.Theywereafterpiecesofgoldthattherainshadwasheddownfromabove.Theonlywaytofindthisgoldwasbypanning.Firstagoldminerputdirtinametalpanandaddedwater.Thenheshookthepansothatthewaterwouldwashthedirt.Slowly，hepouredthewateroutofthepan.Ifhewasaluckyminer,piecesofgoldwouldremain.,Acrossthenation，newspaperscarriedstoriesofthegoldbeingfound.Eachonehopedthattheplaceheclaimedpannedoutwellhadsomegold.Formany，goldminingdidnotpanout.Forafew，itpannedoutwell.Butintime，hugemachineswerebuiltthatcouldwashmanytonsofdirtatatime.Panningdiedout.Theword，however，remainedinthelanguage.Today,Americansstillsay，“Itpannedoutwell，”whensomethingtheyhavedonepleasesthem.Abusiness，adiscovery，asimpleeventpansoutwellifitissuccessful.Unhappily，sometimesthingsdonotpanout.,Inrecentyears，thewordpanhastakenonanothermeaning.Today，italsomeanstocriticize.Howitgotthismeaningishardtodiscover.Butthejobofacriticistosometimespantheworkofawriter，artistorsinger.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍pan这个英语单词的一些典故。,一、阅读与积累1攻克疑难词汇goldrush淘金热dieout消失takeon雇佣；开始具有，呈现；承担Theseinsectscantakeonthecolouroftheirsurroundings.这些昆虫能够呈现出与其周围环境相同的颜色。criticn评论家，批评家,2攻克疑难句Otherssearchedforgoldintheriverscomingdownthemountains.Theywereafterpiecesofgoldthattherainshadwasheddownfromabove.结构分析comingdownthemoutains为后置定语，可以改为定语从句which/thatcamedownthemountains，修饰先行词therivers；thattherainshadwasheddownfromabove为定语从句，修饰先行词piecesofgold。尝试翻译其他人在山脚下的河流中找黄金，寻找被雨水冲刷下来的黄金。,二、理解与尝试命题1理解文章主旨Thepassagemainlytellsusthe_quotation_of_the_English_word_“pan”.2阅读理解尝试命题请你依据阅读理解写作意图题型的特点，给下列试题写出干扰项，然后叫你的同桌试做一下。Whatsthepurposeofthispassage?A_BTointroducetheword“pan”inAmericanEnglish.,C_D_参考答案ATotellussomestoriesaboutthegoldrush.CToteachushowtolookforgoldinrivers.DTointroducethehistoryofthegoldrushinCalifornia.,3解题技巧点拨阅读理解写作意图题解题技巧：把握体裁、抓住高频词不同文章体裁体现出作者不同的写作意图，因而在做这类题时，我们一方面要把握体裁，另一方面要抓住文章中的高频词，即反反复复出现的词，才能突破写作意图题。不同的文章体裁体现不同的写作风格。记叙文一种是纯记事，另一种是记事要达到一种目的，即告诉我们一个道理或者是对人生的领悟。,说明文主要是对事物或现象的发生、变化、特征或功能进行介绍，其目的在于对所写事物进行解释，回答“怎么样”“为什么”之类的问题。这样的写作意图题体现为tellthereader.，introduce，explain，analyse等字眼。议论文是一种说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据(evidence)，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。阅读议论文的关键是：抓论题、抓观点。这样的写作意图题体现为argue(证明，说服)，advocate(提倡，主张)，discuss等字眼。,真题典例(2014南京模拟)Christmasislonggone，andValentinesDayisadistantmemory.Thatmeansitsaslowtimeforjewelers，andagoodtimeforyoutomakeapurchase.Whetheryoureoutshoppingforgold,orsilver，hereareafewthingsyouneedtoknow：Whatdeterminesprice?,Thepurityofthemetalisoneoftheelementsthatdeterminestheprice.Goldpurityisindicatedwithastampof10K,14K,18K，or24K.Anddifferentcountrieshavetheirownstandards.Forexample，forapiecetobeconsideredgoldintheUS，itmustbeatleast10K.InBritainandCanada：9K.InItalyandFrance：18K.Anythingover18Kisreallytoosoftforeverydaywear.ThatswhyjewelrystoresintheUSsellmostly14K.Howmuchcanyouexpecttopay?,Thatdependsontheweightofthemetalandthegemstone(宝石)Sokeepthatinmind，especiallywhenbuyingonline.Tokeepyourselffromgetting_ripped_off，askyourselfthefollowing：Howlonghasthecompanybeenaround?Whatisitsreturnpolicy？Isthejewelryfeaturedonthewebsitevisiblefromalldirections?Isthecompanytransparentwiththegramweightsandthesizeofthegemstones?Yellowgold?White？Rose?,Yes，itsconfusing，andwhilethisislargelyapersonaldecision,thereareafewthingstokeepinmind.Forstarters，whiteorrosegoldcostsabout10%morethanyellowgold.Ifyouwantthe“lookforless”，considergoldplatedjewelry.“Goldplated”and“goldoverlay”meanthesamethingandguaranteeathickerlayeroffinishthan“vermeil”whichisaflashfinishthatisthinnerandlessconsistent，butmoreaffordable.Buyvermeilfinishedpiecesyouwantforaseasonortwojusttofollowthefashion.Forpiecesyouwanttowearforalifetime，solidgoldisthebest.,Whataboutsterlingsilver(标准纯银)?Sterlingsilverhasbeenanalternativeforwhitegoldduringthedifficulteconomy，andwhileitusedtobemorepopularwithjusttheyoungerthesedaysithasmuchmoremassappeal.Somuchsothatretailersarenowofferingfinegemstoneswithsilversomethingyouusedtoseeonlywithgold.,KeepinmindthatintheUS，thesterlingsilverstandardis92.5%realsilver.Dontbuyitifthereisnta“925”stamponit.Andkeepinmindthatthelowerpriceyourepayingforsilvermeansmoremaintenance.Tokeepsilverjewelryfrombecominglessshiny，considerkeepingapieceofchalkinyourjewelrybox.,Theauthorw