选修7第四单元-定语从句-关系代词详细讲解

Welcometoourclass,高考语法专题讲解-定语从句Attributiveclause,廖姝芳,Whoisshe?,Afunnyjoke,LetspraiseherwiththewordswhosefirstletterarefromAtoK.,A-adorable,acuteB-beautiful,brilliantC-cute,charmingD-decent,EWhataboutIJK?,ImJustKidding,Sheisanadorable,beautiful,charming,delightful,elegant,fancy,gorgeousandhotgirl.划线单词都是什么词？这些词在句中都作了什么成分？它们都是用来修饰哪个名词的？,什么是定语和定语从句？定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子.看例句归纳出定语的位置在？ahandsomeboyAboywithabunchofflowerinhishandsAboywhohasabunchofflowerinhishands,Thecarwhichmyunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.定义：修饰名词或代词的从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。关系词/连接词：连接主句和定语从句的连词。引导定语从句的连接词，一定要在从句中充当成分，而且关系词实际上就是先行词的复指。,Jointhefollowingsentences:1.Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,amachine;,themachine,amachine,that/which,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,that/which代指先行词machine。,定语从句的位置:1.紧跟在先行词的后面:YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.IhavefoundthebookwhichIlost.IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.,2.定语从句后移/分隔式定语从句,Helaughsbestwholaughslast.HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhocomesfromQingdao.,3.as引导的定语从句可前移Asyouallknow,theearthisround.,总结定语从句的考点,1.各个关系代词和关系副词的用法2.只用That不用which的情况3.reason,day/time,place等关键陷进的考点4.非限制性定从和限制性定从的区别5.定从和简单句的区别，利用标点符号解题,解题方法和技巧,1.找对先行词，2.看先行词是人还是物，时间，地点，原因，方式。3.确定先行词在定语从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾语，则在关系代词中选择。若是作状语，则在关系副词中选择。,考点一、关系代词,1.Thenumberofpeople_losthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.A.whoB.whichC.whereD.when,A,1.who,作定从的主语/宾语指人作主语时不可省略指代先行词,2.Theboy_wesawyesterdaywasJohnsbrother.A.whomB./C.whichD.when,AB,2.whom,作定从的宾语指人可省略指代先行词,3.Spielbergwonaprizeforashortfilm_hemade.A.whichB.whoC./D.where,AC,3.which,作定从的主语或宾语指物作宾语可省略指代先行词,4.Itsaboutabigshark_attacksswimmers_arespendingtheirholidaysinasmallvillage.A.whereB.whoC.thatD.whichE./,4.that,作定从的主语或宾语指物或人作宾语可省略指代先行词,CD,BC,定语从句使用中的特殊情况,一、只能用that的情况：1.先行词既有物又有人时。Hespokeofthepersonsandthingsthathehadseenabroad.2.先行词是something,anything,all,nothing等不定代词时。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?3.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时或者被thevery,theonly,thejust修饰时。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.,二、不用that的情况：1.介词后禁用关系词that。Iheardoftheman,aboutwhomhetalked.2.非限制性定语从句。Shewaslateagain,whichmademeunhappy.,定语从句使用中的特殊情况,aboutthat(X),that(X),5.Sam,_motherwasamusicteacher,wasbornin1946.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.that,C,5.whose,作定从的定语指物或人不可省略指代先行词=sbs/sths,Groupwork,Linkthewordsintosentence,1.kiss,anyone,your,gives,him,a,who,may,raise,hand2.she,love,is,no,longer,sexy,the,girl,that,used,you,to,3.her,whose,parents,wouldnt,her,letmarry,was,family,anyone,poor4.she,one,is,of,new,students,the,who,the,boys,attracts,most,1.Anyonewhogiveshimakissmayraiseyourhand.2.Heisnolongeralittleboythatyouusedtolove.3.Herparentswouldntlethermarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.4.Sheisoneofthenewstudentswhoattractstheboysmost.,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,引导非限制性定语从句的连接词，一律不能省略,Istillremembertheday.,=when,(1),(2),ontheday,Icamehere,=onwhich,我仍然记得（我来到这里的）那天。,(1)我仍然记得这天。(2)在这天我来到这里。,考点二：关系副词,1.Doyouknowthedate_Lincolnwasborn?A.whichB.onwhichC.whenD.where,1.when,BC,作定从的时间状语指时间,在从句中表示在.时间=in/on.+which先行词为时间名词,Thisisthehouse.lastyear.,=inwhich=where,Ilived,inthehouse,(1),(2),就是这所（我去年住过的）房子。,(1)就是这所房子。(2)我去年在这所房子住过。,2.Thefarm_wepickedcottonwas90kilometersaway.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.onwhich,BD,2.where,作定从的地点状语指地点,在从句中表示在.地点=in/on.+which先行词为地点名词(situation,business,case,point,surroundings,environment,scene等为地点概念的名词),Hegaveareason.,=forwhich=why,(1),(2),forthereason.,peoplelikemusic,(1)他给了一个原因(2)因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。,他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。,3.Idontknowthereason_helooksunhappy.A.thatB.whyC.forwhichD./,BC,3.why,作定从的原因状语指原因,在从句中表示因为.原因=forwhich先行词为reason,Idisapprovethereasons_hecameupwith.A.thatB.whyC.forwhichD./,AD,因此先行词虽然为reason,但如果连接词在从句中作主语或者宾语,则只能用that/which,4.以way为先行词的定语从句问题。Idontliketheway_hetalkedtohismother.,ABC,way方式，方法,连接词如果在从句中作状语时,用that或者inwhich且可以略。,定语从句:,关系代词(作主语/宾语/定语):1.who/whom(that)2.which(that)3.that不