TEM 4 Composition英语专四 作文

TEM4Writing,TestforEnglishMajors,专业四级（TEM4）考试内容,听力,专业四级（TEM4）考试流程,首先，听写，15分钟后第一次交卷；然后做其他听力和选择题目，包括完型填空、词汇语法、阅读三部分，70分钟后第二次交卷；最后，写作文、便条，45分钟后交卷，考试结束。,TEM4Writing,Composition,Note-Writing,Composition,能根据所给的作文题目、提纲或图表、数据等，写一篇200个单词左右的作文。能做到内容切题完整，条理清楚，结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺，表达得体。考试时间35分钟。,EvaluationofTEM4Composition,InstructionMarkswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.,Theoverallstandardsforevaluation,1.Whetherthetitleisappropriate.2.Whetherthecompositioncloselyfocusesonthethemeofthedirection.3.Whetherthecompositioncompletesthe“three-parts”writingassignment.,4.Whethertheexamineecanusenaturalcoherencedevicesanddiversifiedsentencepatterns.5.Whethertheexamineecanusefluentlanguagetoexpresshisorherthought.,Theoverallstandardsforevaluation,Mostofus,asstudents,arecarefulwithourmoneyindailylife:wecollectallkindsofcoupons(优惠券);welookforgroup-buydealsifweeatoutortravel;wedontbuyclothesunlessinasale.However,somepeoplethinkthatallthismaynotmakeussmartconsumers.Whatisyouropinion?,2013,WriteonANSWERSHEETTHREEacompositionofabout200words.Youaretowriteinthreeparts.Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.Inthesecondpart,provideoneortworeasonsoryourexperience(s)tosupportyouropinion.Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.Youshouldsupplyanappropriatetitleforyourcomposition.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,languageandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.,SECTIONACOMPOSITION35MINTheDragonBoatFestival(端午节)isoneoftheimportantnationalfestivalsinChinaWriteonANSWERSHEETTHREEacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic：TheDragonBoatFestival,2012,First,youshouldtellwhatyouknowaboutthefestivalSecond,youshoulddescribehowyouorotherpeopleusuallyobservethefestivalMarkswillbeawardedforcontent,organization，languageandappropriatenessFailuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks,Youaretowriteinthreeparts:Inthefirstpart,stateclearlywhatyourviewis.Inthesecondpart,supportyourviewwithappropriatereasons.Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.,2011,Direction：Recentlygovernmentagenciesinsomebigcitieshavebeenstudyingthepossibilityofputtinga“pollutiontax”onprivatecars.Theamountoftaxprivatecarownerswouldhavetopaywoulddependontheemissionlevels,i.e.engineorvehiclesize.Thishascausedquiteastiramongthepublic.Someregarditasaneffectivewaytocontrolthenumberofcarsandreducepollutioninthecity.Butothersdontthinkso.Whatisyouropinion?Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:Shouldprivatecarownersbetaxedforpollution?,2011,Direction：Itisrecentlyreportedinanewspaperthatsixstudentswhosharedadormatalocaluniversityhiredacleanertodolaundryandcleaningonceaweek.Andeachofthempaidher60yuanamonth.Thishasledtoaheateddebateastowhethercollegestudentsshouldhirecleaners.Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:ShouldCollegeStudentsHireCleaners?,2010,Youaretowriteinthreeparts:Inthefirstpart,stateclearlywhatyourviewis.Inthesecondpart,supportyourviewwithappropriatereasons.Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.,Direction：December5thisInternationalVolunteersDay.Since1985,whentheUnitedNationsannouncedthespecialday,tensofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldhavevolunteeredtohelpthoseinneed.Chinanowhas4.5millionregisteredvolunteershowhaveprovidedmorethan4.5billionhoursofvolunteerwork.Whatcanyougainfromvolunteering?Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:WillTourismBringHarmtotheEnvironment?,2009,Youaretowriteinthreeparts:Inthefirstpart,stateclearlywhatyourviewis.Inthesecondpart,supportyourviewwithappropriatereasons.Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.,Direction：December5thisInternationalVolunteersDay.Since1985,whentheUnitedNationsannouncedthespecialday,tensofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldhavevolunteeredtohelpthoseinneed.Chinanowhas4.5millionregisteredvolunteershowhaveprovidedmorethan4.5billionhoursofvolunteerwork.Whatcanyougainfromvolunteering?Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:TheBenefitsofVolunteering,2008,Youaretowriteinthreeparts:Inthefirstpart,stateclearlywhatyourviewis.Inthesecondpart,supportyourviewwithappropriatereasons.Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.,Direction：NowadaystheInternethasbecomepartofpeopleslife,andmillionsofyoungpeoplehavemadefriendsonline.Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:IsItWisetoMakeFriendsOnline?,2007,Youaretowriteinthreeparts:Inthefirstpart,stateclearlywhatyourviewis.Inthesecondpart,supportyourviewwithappropriatereasons.Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.,Direction：RecentlyaBeijinginformationcompanydidasurveyofstudentlifeamongmorethan700studentsinBeijing,Guangzhou,Xian,Chengdu,Shanghai,Wuhan,NanjingandShenyang.Theresultshaveshownthat67percentofstudentsthinkthatsavingmoneyisagoodhabitwhiletherestbelievethatusingtomorrowsmoneytodayisbetter.Whatdoyouthink?Writeacompositionofabout200words:SavingMoneyisaGoodHabit,2006,Youaretowriteinthreeparts:Inthefirstpart,stateclearlywhatyourviewis.Inthesecondpart,supportyourviewwithappropriatereasons.Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.,Direction：ThestudentsUnionofyouruniversityisplanningtoholdanartsfestivalnextsemester,andtheyareinvitingstudentstocontributetheirideasandsuggestionsastohowitshouldbeorganizedorwhatshouldbeincluded.Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:MyIdeaofaUniversityArtsFestival,Youaretowriteinthreeparts:Inthefirstpart,stateclearlywhatyourviewis.Inthesecondpart,supportyourviewwithappropriatereasons.Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.,2005,Direction：Nowadaysyoungpeopletendtophonemoreoftenthanwritetoeachother.So,somesaythatphoneswillkillletterwriting.Whatisyouropinion?Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:WillPhonesKillLetterWriting?,Youaretowriteinthreeparts:Inthefirstpart,stateclearlywhatyourviewis.Inthesecondpart,supportyourviewwithappropriatereasons.Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.,2004,专四英语作文历年考题及类型,自由发挥型自由发挥型的题目,在提出一个话题之后,可能会提供一些大家对此话题的观点和看法,要求考生通过给定的材料,然后发挥自己的分析思维能力,提出并论证自己的观点。题目对考生的观点不做限定,只要不离开给出的话题即可。考生既可以从题目给出的观点中选一个作为自己的观点,也可以自己提出一个题目中没有的想法。MyideaofaUniversityArtFestivalTheBestWaytoStayHealthy,四级考试作文的主要类型,给定观点型给定观点型的题目,在提出一个话题之后,同时也给定了关于这个话题的一种观点,要求考生以这个给定的观点作为作文的论点进行论证.这种类型作文的关键是如何能够很好地论证给定的观点.TheImportanceofKeepingaGoodMoodTravelBroadenstheMindTheBenefitsofVolunteering,四级考试作文的主要类型,对比选择型对比选择型的题目,在提出一个话题后,通常给出关于这个话题的两种观点,然后要求考生分析对比两个观点的优缺点,从两者中选出一种作为自己作文的论点,论证其正确性.SavingMoneyorUsingTomorrowsMoneyWillPhoneKillLetterWriting?IsItWisetoMakeFriendsOnline?,四级考试作文的主要类型,短文写作应试策略,一、时间安排作文的写作时间为35分钟，合理的时间安排为10+20+5。前10分钟用来读题审题，构思并列提纲。接着的20分钟用来按照提纲写作，最后5分钟用来检查润色。,二、卷面设置作文的排版应该不多于卷面的23，不少于13。换句话说，就是要留有余地，不要将卷面写得密密麻麻。字体不要过大或过小，字间距保持均匀，字迹要工整。段落方面，格式要整齐划一，段首或一律顶格或一律空四个字母的位置。,三、作文结构及内容TEM-4作文的体裁以议论文为主，由四个部分组成：标题(title)，引言(introduction)，主体(body)和结尾(conclusion)。作文题目要求中一般包含标题，所以需要考生完成的就只有其余三个部分。,引言(introduction),引言部分是一篇文章的“地图”，用来提纲挈领。：,其中第一句的作用是用来说明整段文章的总义和介绍文章的主题，之后的一至两句则是用来表达考生的个人意见(论点)，最后一句通常用来带领进入主体部分。文章好的开头会引人如胜，激发阅卷老师的阅读兴趣。一般说来，这一段落不宜太长，要写得简明扼要，主要可以采用以下三种方法,引用法。文章开头引用名人名言、谚语或有代表性的看法见解来引出文章要展开讨论的一种观点，并明确自己的立场。SampleOnMakingFriendsAstheproverbgoes,“Alifewithoutafriendisalifewithoutthesun”.Itistruethateverybodyneedsfriends.SoIfinditquitenecessarytomakefriends.,现象法。对于某种社会现象、倾向或社会问题进行剖析的文章通常在文章的开始首先引出这种现象或问题，然后进行评论并提出考生自己的观点。SampleOnChildrensEducationChinesefamiliesaretraditionallyknownforvaluingtheeducationoftheirchildren.Mostparentsaretryingtooffertheirchildrenthebesteducation,regardingitastheirmostimportantduty.Itseemstomethattherearethreereasonsforthis,allofwhichareconcernedwithdemandsofmodernlife,对立法。文章开头首先引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法，然后提出考生自己的看法，或偏向的那个看法。此方法多用于有争议性的主题。SampleIPrefertoLiveinaBigCityDifferentpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutwheretolive.Somepeopleliketoliveinbigcities.Othersprefercountrylife.Ithinkbothoftheliveshavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.Iflamtomakeachoice,Iwillnothesitatetochoosetheformer.,文章的结尾部分和开端部分同样重要。如果说开端重要是为了吸引读者，那么结尾部分的重要就是要给读者留下较深刻的印象。结尾写不好，就有可能使读者产生不满足或失望的感觉。文章结尾部分最常见的写法有以下几种：简要评价或作结论：文章最后用几句话概括全文内容，并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的观点。如：Inshort,wecansaythatsciencetohumanbeingsislikefoodtoourbodies.SciencefreesusfromthebondageofNature.Scienceitselfisinnocent,butsometimesmanhasmisusedit.,结尾(conclusion),重复主题句：回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到再次肯定和强调的效果。如：Withtheforegoingthreepointsinmind,onemaybeatruegoodstudent.提出展望或期望：表示对将来的展望或期待读者投入行动。如：Nowwecansaythatifweinsistondoingexercise,wewillbeabletoloseweight.,引语句：用格言、谚语或习语总结全文。如：Laterisersmayfinditverydifficulttocultivatethehabitofearlyrising.Theyoughttomakespecialefforttodoso.AstheEnglishproverbsays,“Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.”,结尾部分的开始也可以使用一个特别结论句式，如：ingeneral,tosumup,allinall,insummary,inbrief,inconclusion,inshort等等。在200词的文章中，这一部分也不宜篇幅过长，一般用两、三句话来总结全文，使其前后呼应。除非只是一个次要观点，否则不要在这段内提出任何新见解，但如果题目要求的话，考生也可以在结论上提出相应的建议、推荐、介绍和解决方法。,如何写正文段落中的主题句,正文的每一段落（如果有几个段落）只能包含一个中心思想，表示这个中心思想的句子就叫主题句（TopicSentence）。主题句概括全段意思，其他句子必须围绕这个主题句的意义加以阐明、补充、发挥或论证。这种补充意义的句子称为支持句（SupportingSentence）或次要句。英语非常强调主题句。一般说来，较长的段落，尤其是说明文、论述文的每一段落都应有主题句。,写好主题句的三条原则：1.要有能说明段落中心思想的内容。主题句的内容应该就是整段内容的概括，或者是限定整段内容的范围。2.要有能体现中心思想的关键词。主题句中应该含有能体现意义或范围的关键词。如在一段论述“没有音乐，生活就没有趣味”的文章中，关键词是“音乐”（music）、“生活”（life或live）和“趣味”（exciting），因此，写成英文的主题句可以是：Lifewithoutmusicwouldnotbeexciting.或Itwouldnotbeexcitingifwelivedwithoutmusic.,3.尽量使用简洁明了的句子为了直接而清晰地表明中心思想或主题，主题句中的句式应以简单句为宜，如果使用较复杂的句型或复合结构，有时倒反会造成理解上的困难。试比较下列几句同一意义的主题句：,句1：IntheUnitedStates,thesystemofforcedlabor,whichwasknownasslaverylastedalmost250years.句2：IntheUnitedStates,thesystemofforcedlaborlastedalmost250years.句3：Slaverylastedalmost250yearsintheUnitedStates.,如何写正文段落内部的一致性,所谓一致性，是指在一段文章中应该只说明一个问题，或一个问题的某一方面；应该只叙述一件事情，或一件事情的某一阶段。也就是说，一段只能有一个中心思想或主题。为此，在同一段落中，所有的支持句或次要句都要有助于发展主题句的中心思想，都要为中心思想服务。这种主题句和支持句在意义上的统一就是段落的一致性。,除了整个段落的意义要贯彻“一致性”原则外，在单句或复句的写作中，也要体现“一致性”原则。1.不要把无关的思想包含在同一句子中，将无直接关系的句子或部分删去。Mynieceisnotgoodatmathematicsandseldomcomestoseeme,andshegotmarriedlastweek.Myniecegotmarriedlastweek.Myniece,whoisnotgoodatmathematicsandseldomcomestoseeme,gotmarriedlastweek.,2.避免使用过分复杂的句法结构和矫揉造作的修饰手法。Poor:Theelectricfanwhichsheboughtforherfather,whocomplainsaboutanytemperaturethatexceeds30andinsiststhathecantstandtheheat,arrivedtoday.Better:Herfathercomplainsaboutanytemperaturethatexceeds30andinsiststhathecantstandtheheat.Theelectricfanwhichsheboughtforhimarrivedyesterday.说明：前一句由于使用了过多的定语、宾语从句，反而显得层次不清，中心不突出，改写成两句后，意义就显得清楚而自然。,3.在同一句中，要尽量保持主语和语态的一致。Poor:Thepeasantscutthewheat,anditisdried.Better:Thepeasantscutthewheat,andtheydryit.说明：在并列句中，同一主语和语态最好贯彻到底。后一句改换主语并用了被动语态，逻辑上不一致。,4.避免逻辑错误或意义模糊的句子。Poor:LiuHuaisakind-heartedgirl;shewillbesuccessfulinanythingshetries.Better:Asshehasastrongwillandconfidenceinherself,shemaybesuccessfulinanythingshetries.说明：一个心地善良的人并不能保证事事都能成功，这个推断不合理；一个具有坚强意志和信念的人可能会取得成功，这是合乎推理的。,主体(body),主体(body)部分段首通常有一个主题句(topicsentence)，用来表示该段的中心思想。下面是几个常用主题句句型：1.Itisbelievedthathasthefollowingadvantages2.isimportantinseveralways3.Isidewiththisviewfortworeasons.4.benefitsusinmanyways,接下来的文章应包含两到三个要点，用以支持主题句。考生可以通过例证、引证、对比、因果论证及反证等方法逐步论述各个要点。阅卷老师在看文章时也许会通过某些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构严谨，条理清晰，因此要在每一个要点前加入表示顺序的词汇，如：tobeginwith,firstofall,firstandforemost,then,furthermore,besides,whatsmore,inaddition,moreover,finally,lastbutnotleast.First(ly),second(ly),finally,TheImportanceofExtensiveReading,Extensivereadingbenefitsusinmanyways.Firstofall,byreadingextensivelywecanbroadenourknowledge.Forinstance,newspapersandmagazinescankeepusinformedofcurrentaffairs.Soitiseasyforustoknowwhatisgoingonintheworldtoday.Secondly,extensivereadinghelpsusimproveourreadingcomprehensioneffectively.Themoreweread,thebetterweunderstandandthefasterourreadingspeedwillbe.Whatsmore,extensivereadingisthebestwaytoenlargeourvocabulary.Duetofrequentcontactwithunfamiliarwords,wefinditeasytoguesstheirmeaningsevenwithoutreferringtothedictionary.Wecanoftenfindcontextcluesfornewwords.,开门见山,点明主题Thebestwaytostayhealthyistodevelopagoodqualityofpsychology.,开头,正反表态法Accordingtoarecentsurvey,anestimated67%ofcollegestudentsthinksavingmoneyisagoodhabit.(正方观点)Therestareco