高二下化学练习册答案ppt课件

P.1,4、C5、D6、AD7、B8、B9、D10、D11、（1）C11H24（2）C10H22（3）C8H18（4）C2H6（5）CH4（6）CH4,12、解：M45.622.416n(C)n(H)=(312):(11)14,最简式为CH4式量为16最简式式量与分子量相同，最简式即分子式分子式为：CH4,HCH,H,H,P.2,22.4,20g/mol,13解：,CH416,C3H844,20,24,4,(2)v(C3H8)=3.92,=0.56L,(3)32(2+5)=13.6g,P3,1、B2、B3、D4、A5、C6、A7、C8、C5H122，2二甲基丙烷,CH3,C,CH3,CH3,CH3,P.4,A2.B3.A4.C5.B6.(1),（2）催化剂脱水剂吸水剂（3）防止暴沸（4）170140时会产生乙醚7.略,P.5,B2.B3.A4.B5.D6.(1),6.,P.5,P.5,解：M=2.5922.458g/moln(CxHy)2.9580.05moln(C)0.2moln(H2O)4.5180.25molCxHy(X)O2XCO2H2OV1X0.050.20.25X4Y10答：该烃分子式为C4H10可能结构,4,y,2,y,2,y,P.5,8.解：n(CxHy)0.11222.40.005moln(C)n(H)34238C3nH8n5nO23nCO24nH2O13n4n0.0050.015n0.02n440.005n180.02n1.02n1答：该烃分子式为C3H8,P.67,BD2.C3.B4.C5.D6.D7.A8.B9.D10.D11.见乙炔的PPT,CaO+3C,CaC2+CO,电炉,2C2H2+5O24CO2+2H2O,点燃,HCCHBr2CHBr2CHBr2,Br,Br,P.81.A2.A3.C4.D5.B6.A7.D8B,解：设乙炔的体积为XL(1)CHCH2Br2CHBr2CHBr2m22.426X1.3X=1.12L乙烷的体积2.241.121.12L设至少需溴YgCHCH+Br2CHBr=CHBr22.41601.12YY=8g答：乙烷与乙炔均为1.12L至少需要8g溴,P.91.AB2.D3.D4.B5.AD6.AB7.CD8.D9.见苯的PPT,（1）CCl4吸收溴蒸汽（2）催化作用放热反应溴受热挥发有红棕色气体产生（3）,（4）Ag+BrAgBr,7、解：M23978n（C）n(H)=11,12,12,1,1,最简式为CH式量为13,(CH)n78n6,分子式为C6H6,结构简式为或,P.111.B2.D3.AB4.AC5.A6.D,P.118,解：设生成HBrXmol设生成溴苯YgAgNO3HBrAgBrHNO31188X94X0.5mol,Br,Br2,HBr,Fe,1571Y0.5Y78.5g答：生成溴苯78.5克,P.12,B2.A3.AD4.D5.D6.C7.A8.A9.D10.B11.C12.D13.C14.D,15.天然气CH4,CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3,CH3,CH3,CH3,CH3CCH3,16.ACEBD,17.C6H142种,CH3CHCH2CH2CH3,CH3,CH3CH2CHCH2CH3,CH3,P.13,P.1318.,CH3CHCH2CH2CH3,CH3CH2CHCH2CH3,CH2CH2CHCH3,CH3,CH3,CH2CHCH2CH3,Cl,Cl,Cl,Cl,P.1419.,（1）,（2）品红褪色有SO2溴水褪色吸收SO2SO2已完全吸收澄清石灰水20.（1）煤干馏生成焦炭（2）CaO3CCaC2CO（3）CaC22H2OCHCHCa(OH)2（4）CHCHHClCH2=CHCl（5）nCH2=CHClCH2CH,电炉,Cl,n,催化剂,催化剂,高温高压,P.1421,解：n(NaOH)n(HCl)CnH2n+2Cl2CnH2n+1ClHCl14n217.20.20.514n217.20.1,n5,该烃分子式：C5H12,CH3CCH3,CH3,CH3,2，2二甲基丙烷,解：最简式：CH式量13MB1.1622.426g/mol(CH)n26n2分子式；C2H2结构简式：CHCHMA3MB26378g/mol(CH)n78n6分子式：C6H6结构简式：,P.1422,P.1523.,解：CxHy(X)O2XCO2H2OV1X12575150+25100X3Y8答：该烃分子式为C3H8,y,4,2,y,4,y,注：100以上水为气态，但通过浓硫酸水蒸气已被吸收,P.16,A2.D3.D4.B5.D6.D7.AD8.B9.A10.D11.B12.B,13.（1）消去反应（2）取代反应（3）取代反应（4）氧化反应（5）氧化反应,14.解：M10.48722.446g/moln(C)101000.1moln(H)2.71820.3moln(O)(2.3120.110.3)160.05moln(C):n(H):n(O)0.1:0.3:0.052:6:1分子式为：C2H6O可能结构：CH3CH2OHCH3OCH3n2.3460.05mol0.5622.40.025mol讨论（1）产生H2则含有OH（2）2mol醇产生1molH2为含一个OH据此：为一元醇CH3CH2OH有关反应：C2H6O3O22CO23H2O2CH3CH2OH2Na2CH3CH2ONaH2,P.17,15.解：M22346n(C)2.2422.40.1moln(H)2.71820.3moln(O)(2.3120.110.3)160.05moln(C):n(H):n(O)0.1:0.3:0.052:6:1分子式为：C2H6O,P.17,16.解：M1.3422.430n(C):n(H):n(O)答：分子式为：CH2O,1,1,2,P.17,17.解：n(C):n(H)(30100):(7.2182)0.3:0.83：8,C3H8Oz(5)O23CO24H2O150.110.0822.4Z1答：该有机物分子式为C3H8O,z,2,z,2,P.18,D2.D3.C4.D5.B,6.（1）碎瓷片防止暴沸（2）防止在140产生乙醚,取代反应（3）溴水褪色加成反应,CH2=CH2+Br2CH2BrCH2Br,P.18,7.（3）铜丝由红色变为黑色m2m1（4）由黑色变为红色（5）有刺激性气味产生（6）m3m1（7）2CuO22CuOCH3CH2OHCuOCH3CHOCuH2O2CH3CH2OHO22CH3CHO2H2O,Cu,P.19,8.解：M3.322.474g/moln(C)21.12440.48moln(H)10.81821.2moln(O)(8.88120.4811.2)160.12moln(C):n(H):n(O)0.48:1.2:0.124:10:1分子式为：C4H10O,P.20,CD2.C3.B4.D5.B6.D,7、(1)2CH3COOHMg(CH3COO)2MgH2,(2)2CH3COOHCaCO3(CH3COO)2CaH2OCO2,(3)CH3COOHNaOHCH3COONaH2O,P.20,解：M2.6722.460g/molCxHyOz(X)O2XCO2H2O1XX2Y4z(6012214)162答：分子式为C2H4O2据题意结构简式为或CH3COOH,1.5,60,P.21,C2.D3.D4.A5.B,6（1）催化脱水作用（2）中和乙酸，消除乙酸气味对酯气味的影响，以便闻到乙酸乙酯的气味.溶解乙醇。冷凝酯蒸气、降低酯在水中的溶解度，以便使酯分层析出。（3）长导管其冷凝作用不插入液面下可防倒吸（4）乙醇中有少量水，将乙醇倒入浓硫酸中会发生飞溅，导致伤害发生。,P.21,P.22,B2.C3.AD4.A5.C6.D7.B,8.（1）,加成反应,（2）,氧化反应,（3）,氧化反应,P.23,9.解：M4.60.146g/mol据题意设有机物分子式为CnH2nOzCnH2nOz(n)O2nCO2nH2O1n0.11.1222.41.5n1.1222.40.114n16z46n1z2答：（1）有机物分子式为CH2O2（2）分子结构为：HCOOH或,2,P.23,10.解：设乙醛溶液的浓度为Xmol/L,11440.01X1.44X1mol/L答：乙醛溶液的浓度为1mol/L,P.24,B2.D3.C4.C5.B6.C7.A8.C9.B10.(1)CH3OH乙酸甲酯(2)酯化反应（取代反应）氧化反应(3)2HCHOO22HCOOH,催化剂,P.25,16.解：M281.07230n(C):n(H):n(O)=答：分子式为：CH2O结构式：,P.26,C2.C3.D4.B5.BD6.B7.D8.A9.D10.C11.D12.A13.A14.C,M8.2(10.1)82g/molM(CxHyCOONa)82M(CxHy)8212322315X1Y3分子式为CH3COOH摩尔质量为60g/mol16.(1)B(2)A(3)C,P.27,乙酸乙酯乙醇乙酸,饱和碳酸钠溶液,分液,CH3CH2OHCH3COONa,CH3COOCH2CH3,蒸馏,CH3CH2OH,CH3COONa,H2SO4,CH3COOH（H2O),蒸馏,CH3COOH,P.28,18.分析：MD0.6(0.20.05)60D为CH3COOHF为CH3COONa,CH3COOCH2CH3NaOHCH3COONaCH3CH2OHFB,2CH3CH2OHO22CH3CHO（BC）C,Cu,2CH3CHOO22CH3COOHD,催化剂,18.（1）乙酸乙酯（2）见上（3）CH3COOH（4）CH3OH,P.28,19.解：M1.9622.444g/moln(C):n(O