【毕业设计】泥石流远程监测系统开发及其模拟教学法案例设计 外文文献及其译文

毕业设计（论文）外文文献译文及原文学生李旭伟学号20110311131院（系）职业教育师范学院专业电子信息工程指导教师杨帆2015年6月2日ZIGBEE技术11标准无线传感器标准开发与设计要求低功耗的关键。标准定义了传感器节点的功能和协议需要与各种各样的网络接口。无线个域网,一些这些STANDARDINCLUDEIEEE802154WIRELESSHART、ISA10011IETF6LOWPAN,IEEE802153WIBREE。FOLLOWING款更详细地描述了这些标准。IEEE802154IEEE80215437的提议标准的低速率无线个人区域网LRWPANIEEE802154关注低成本部署、低复杂度、低功耗CONSUMPTIONIEEE802154是专为无线传感器需要短距离通信的应用程序最大化电池寿命。标准允许恒星的形成和点对点拓扑结构对网络设备之间的通信。设备在明星拓扑与中央控制器在点对点通信TOPOLOGY特设和自配置的网络可以FORMEDIEEE802154DEVICES旨在支持物理和数据链层协议。物理层支持868/915MHZ低乐队和24GHZ高乐队。MAC层控制访问广播频道使用CSMACA机制。MAC层还负责验证框架,框架,网络接口,网络同步,设备协会,和安全的服务。使用IEEE802154无线传感器应用程序包括住宅、工业和环境监测、控制和自动化。无线个域网38、39定义了更高的层通信协议为LRPANS内部基于IEEE802154标准提供服务。无线个域网是一个简单、低成本和低功耗无线COM沟通技术用于嵌入式应用程序。无线个域网设备可以形成网状网络连接匈牙利语德瑞德。成千上万的设备连接在一起。无线个域网设备使用很少的力量和可以操作一个电池多年。有三种类型的无线个域网设备ZIGBEE协调员,无线个域网路由器,无线个域网终端设备。ZIGBEE协调员发起网络形成、存储信息,可以一起桥网络。无线个域网路由器连接设备一起和组提供MULTIHOP设备之间的通信。无线个域网结束德维克包括传感器、执行器和控制器,COLLECTS数据和只有路由器或协调器通信。无线个域网标准是公开的2005年6月。WIRELESSHARTWIRELESSHART40、41标准钻头提供无线网络通信协议浮选测量和控制应用程序。低功率的标准是基于IEEE80215424GHZ的操作。WIRELESSHART兼容所有现有的设备、工具和系统。WIRELESSHART可靠、安全和能源效率。它支持网状网络,渠道跳跃,和时间同步消息。网络COMMUNICATION是安全与加密、验证AUTHENTICATION和密钥管理。电源管理选项启用更多的能量EFFICIENT无线设备。WIRELESSHART旨在支持网,明星,结合网络拓扑。WIRELESSHART网络由无线领域设备、网关、过程自动编队控制器,主机应用程序和网络MANAGER。无线领域设备连接到进程或工厂设备。网关使现场设备之间的无线通信和主机应用程序。过程自动化控制器作为一个持续的过程控制。网络经理CONFIGURES网络和进度之间的通信设备。它也管理路由和网络流量。网络管理器可以集成到网关,主机应用程序或流程自动化CONTROLLER。WIRELESSHART标准发布行业2007年9月,很快就会在康门脸部用的产品。ISA10011AISA10011A42标准是专为低数据率无线监控和过程自动化应用程序。它定义了OSI层规范,安全性和系统管理。标准关注能耗低、可伸缩性、基础设施、健壮性、与其他无线设施和互操作性。ISA10011A网络只使用24GHZ广播频道跳来增加可靠性和减少波谱得。它提供了网络TOPOLOGIES啮合和明星。ISA10011A还提供了简单、EXIBLE和可伸缩安全功能。6LOWPAN基于IPV6低功率无线个人区域网4345支持IPV6包在一个基于IEEE802154网络交流。低功率设备可以使用基于IP协议直接与IP设备通信。使用6LOWPAN,低功率设备所有IP的好处沟通和管理。6LOWPAN标准提供一个适应层,新的数据包格式和地址管理。因为IPV6数据包大小要大于内部IEEE802154,提供服务的帧大小适应层使用。适应层进行功能头压缩。头压缩,较小的包创建适合内部IEEE802154帧尺寸提供服务。地址管理机甲多年COMMUNICATION处理设备地址的形成。6LOWPAN是专为应用程序数据速率较低的设备,需要网络通信。IEEE802153IEEE80215346是一个物理和MAC层数据RATEWPAN标准高。它的目的是支持实时多媒体流的视频和MUSICIEEE802153操作24GHZ无线和数据率从11MBPS55MBPS。标准使用时分多址TDMA,以确保服务质量。它同时支持同步和异步数据传输和处理能耗,频率数据速率可伸缩性和性能。中使用的标准设备,如无线扬声器,便携式视频电子、游戏和无线连接,无绳电话,打印机,和电视。WIBREEWIBREE47是一个无线通信正为低功耗设计的,短程通信,和低成本设备。WIBREE允许小型电池供电的设备和蓝牙设备之间的通信。小型电池供电的设备、手表、无线键盘和运动传感器,连接到主机设备如个人电脑或手机。WIBREE操作24GHZ,1MBPS的数据速率。连接设施之间的距离是510米。WIBREE旨在使用蓝牙。蓝牙与WIBREE使得设备更小,更节能。BLUETOOTHWIBREE利用现有的蓝牙射频和使超低电力消费。2006年10月WIBREE公开发布。12介绍无线传感器网络网络近年来获得了全球的关注,特别是在微机电系统MEMSTECHNOLOGYPROLIFERATION促进了智能传感器的发展。这些传感器小,处理和计算资源有限,便宜的均与传统传感器。这些传感器节点可以感知、测量、和从环境中收集信息,基于一些当地的决策过程中,他们可以TRANSMIT感觉到数据给用户。智能传感器节点低功耗设备配备一个或多个传感器、处理器、内存、电源、一台收音机,和一个执行机构。1各种机械、热、生物、化学、光学、磁传感器可以连接到传感器节点来衡量他的环境的属性。由于传感器节点有限内存和难以介入通常部署在位置、电台实现无线通讯,向基站传输数据例如、笔记本电脑、个人手持设备,或一个固定INFRASTRUCTURE接入点。电池是主电源传感器节点。二次电源,太阳能电池板等收成权力从环境可以添加到节点根据适当的环境中,传感器将部署。根据应用阳离子和所使用的传感器类型,执行器可能INCOR波拉特的传感器。传感器网络通常有小或没有基础设施。它CONSISTS数量的传感器节点数十数千合作监控区域获得的数据环境。有两种类型的网络结构化和非结构化。一个非结构化的WSNCONTAINS密集的传感器节点的集合。传感器节点2可能部署在一个特设的方式进入现场。2在临时部署后,传感器节点可以随机放置到部署,网络执行MONITORING无人问津和报告功能。在一个非结构化的基础上,网络维护等管理连接和检测失败是困难的因为有很多节点。在一个结构化的基础上,全部或部分传感器节点DEPLOYED预先计划的方式。3构造网络的优点是更少的节点可以部署较低的网络维护和管理成本。更少的节点可以部署既然节点放置在个别地点提供覆盖而临时部署可以发现地区。轮有许多应用潜力巨大等SCENARIOS军事目标跟踪和监测、自然灾害救援,生物医学健康状况监控器荷兰国际集团,和危险环境勘探和SEISMIC传感。军事目标跟踪和监测、入侵检测和识别的传感器网络可以帮助。具体的例子包括SPATIALLYCORRELATED和协调部队和坦克的动作。自然灾害,传感器节点可以感知和检测环境预测灾害发生之前。在生物医学的应用程序中,外科手术植入的传感器可以帮助监测病人的健康。对于地震感应,特别沿着火山地区部署的传感器可以检测地震和火山喷发的发展。与传统的网络、传感器网络有自己的设计资源约束。资源约束包括数量有限的能源,通信范围、低带宽和有限的处理和存储在每个节点。设计约束应用程序和基于监控环境的依赖。环境中扮演着重要角色在决定网络的大小,部署方案和网络拓扑结构。网络的大小随ENVIRONMENT监测。对于室内环境,需要更少的节点组成一个网络在一个有限的空间,而户外环境可能需要更多的节点覆盖更大的区域。一个临时部署时优于预先计划部署环境是无法通过以或当他数百到数千个节点组成的网络。环境中的障碍物也能限制节点之间的通信,进而AFFECTS网络连接或拓扑。研究了网络的目标是满足上述约束通过引入新的设计理念,创建或改进现有的协议,构建新的应用程序,和DEVELOPINGNEWALGORITHMSINTHISSTUDYWEPRESENTATOPDOWNAPPROACH其他SURVEYS如下吗而我们的调查是类似于,我们的重点是调查最近的文献。吗我们解决问题的WSN在个体传感器节点级别以及一组级别。吗我们调查当前的配置,网络管理和控制问题。其中包括定位等问题,报道、同步、网络安全、数据聚合和压缩。吗我们比较和对比不同类型的无线传感器网络。调查不同的协议和算法近年来提出的。ZIGBEETECHNOLOGY11STANDARSWIRELESSSENSORSTANDARDSHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDWITHTHEKEYDESIGNREQUIREMENTFORLOWPOWERCONSUMPTIONTHESTANDARDDEFINESTHEFUNCTIONSANDPROTOCOLSNECESSARYFORSENSORNODESTOINTERFACEWITHAVARIETYOFNETWORKSSOMEOFTHESESTANDARDINCLUDEIEEE802154,ZIGBEE,WIRELESSHART,ISA10011,IETF6LOWPAN,IEEE802153,WIBREETHEFOLLOWINGPARAGRAPHSDESCRIBESTHESESTANDARDSINMOREDETAILIEEE802154IEEE802154ISTHEPROPOSEDSTANDARDFORLOWRATEWIRELESSPERSONALAREANETWORKSLRWPANSIEEE802154FOCUSESONLOWCOSTOFDEPLOYMENT,LOWCOMPLEXITY,ANDLOWPOWERCONSUMPTIONIEEE802154ISDESIGNEDFORWIRELESSSENSORAPPLICATIONSTHATREQUIRESHORTRANGECOMMUNICATIONTOMAXIMIZEBATTERYLIFETHESTANDARDALLOWSTHEFORMATIONOFTHESTARANDPEERTOPEERTOPOLOGYFORCOMMUNICATIONBETWEENNETWORKDEVICESDEVICESINTHESTARTOPOLOGYCOMMUNICATEWITHACENTRALCONTROLLERWHILEINTHEPEERTOPEERTOPOLOGYADHOCANDSELFCONFIGURINGNETWORKSCANBEFORMEDIEEE802154DEVICESAREDESIGNEDTOSUPPORTTHEPHYSICALANDDATALINKLAYERPROTOCOLSTHEPHYSICALLAYERSUPPORTS868/915MHZLOWBANDSAND24GHZHIGHBANDSTHEMACLAYERCONTROLSACCESSTOTHERADIOCHANNELUSINGTHECSMACAMECHANISMTHEMACLAYERISALSORESPONSIBLEFORVALIDATINGFRAMES,FRAMEDELIVERY,NETWORKINTERFACE,NETWORKSYNCHRONIZATION,DEVICEASSOCIATION,ANDSECURESERVICESWIRELESSSENSORAPPLICATIONSUS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