外文翻译-南沟门常态混凝土重力坝及溢流坝段设计

毕业设计（论文）外文翻译题目南沟门常态混凝土重力坝及溢流坝段设计专业水利水电工程班级工115班学生指导教师2015年NUMERICALCOMPUTATIONOFSTRUCTURESWITHQUASIBRITTLEMATERIELUNDERDYNAMICLOADINGCASESTUDYOFCONCRETEGRAVITYDAMABSTRACTTHEPRESENTPAPERDEALSWITHANUMERICALCOMPUTATIONUSINGFINITEELEMENTMETHODFORCONCRETESTRUCTURESSUBJECTEDTODYNAMICLOADS,USUALLYOFSEISMICNATURETHECONSEQUENCESOFWHICHAREOFTENDEVASTATINGINTHEGENERALEQUATIONOFDYNAMIC,ALAWOFCONCRETEMATERIALBEHAVIORTAKINGINTOACCOUNTMODELSBASEDONTHEDAMAGEMECHANICSHASBEENIMPLEMENTEDFROMAPHENOMENOLOGICALVIEWPOINT,THECHOSENBEHAVIORMODELTAKESINTOACCOUNTTHEDAMAGECAUSEDBYTHEOPENINGOFMICROCRACKSFORNUMERICALAPPLICATION,TWODIMENSIONALSEISMICANALYSISOFKOYNAGRAVITYDAMISPERFORMEDBYUSINGTHE1967KOYNAEARTHQUAKERECORDSTHEEFFECTSOFDAMAGEONEARTHQUAKERESPONSEOFTHECONCRETEGRAVITYDAMARESTUDIED1INTRODUCTIONTHESIMULATIONOFNONLINEARPROBLEMSOFDAMAGEANDFRACTUREPROCESSESFORQUASIBRITTLEMATERIALS,PARTICULARLYCONCRETE,ISTHESUBJECTOFRESEARCHSTUDIESINTHEFIELDOFCIVILENGINEERINGINTHEGOALTOSERVEFORVULNERABILITYSTUDIESLEMAITREANDMAZARS,1982LEMAITREANDCHABOCHE,1985THEPHENOMENATAKINGPARTINTHESEPROCESSESAREOFTENCOMPLEXAND,EVENINSIMPLECASES,THEANALYTICALRESOLUTIONOFTHEPROBLEMSTURNSOUTTOBE,FORTHELEAST,DIFFICULTTOSIMULATECOMPLEXSTRUCTURESSUBJECTEDTOSTATICAND/ORDYNAMICLOADS,ITISNECESSARYTOKNOWTHEBEHAVIOROFTHEMATERIALCONCRETEISCONSIDEREDASTHEMOSTUSEDMATERIALINTHEDESIGNOFSTRUCTURESWHICHMAYOCCASIONALLYBEEXPOSEDTOINTENSEDYNAMICLOADING,WHETHEROFACCIDENTALORINTENTIONALNATUREITBELONGSTOACLASSOFHETEROGENEOUSMATERIALSWITHQUITECOMPLEXNONLINEARBEHAVIORITISAQUASIBRITTLEMATERIALWITHATENSILESTRENGTHSIGNIFICANTLYLOWCOMPAREDTOTHECOMPRESSIONONENUMEROUSEXPERIMENTALTESTSSHOWINGTHEASPECTSOFTHEBEHAVIOROFTHISMATERIALEXISTSINTHELITERATURE,SUCHASTHEIMPACTTESTINGONCONCRETEATHIGHSPEEDKLEPACZKOANDBRARA,2001HERVANDGATUINGT,2002HENTZETAL,2004ORCYCLICLOADINGTENSIONCOMPRESSIONEXPERIMENTALTESTSDUB1994LABORDERIE1991THESEWORKSAIMSTOMODELTHEMACROSCOPICBEHAVIORANDPREDICTDAMAGEOFTHEMATERIALAMONGTHESEMODELS,THEJMAZARSMODELWHOSEPRINCIPLEISBASEDONDAMAGEMECHANICSWHICHISATHEORYDESCRIBINGTHEPROGRESSIVEREDUCTIONOFTHEMECHANICALPROPERTIESOFAMATERIALDUETOINITIATION,GROWTHANDCOALESCENCEOFMICROSCOPICCRACKSTHESEINTERNALCHANGESLEADTOTHEDEGRADATIONOFMECHANICALPROPERTIESOFTHEMATERIALTHEMODELTAKESINTOACCOUNTTHEASYMMETRYOFCONCRETEBEHAVIORANDITCONSIDERSTHECRACKINGINTENSIONANDCOMPRESSIONFAILURETHISISAMODELTHATISGENERALLYUSEDFORSTATICORPSEUDOSTATICSYSTEMSTHEREGULATORYTECHNICALDOCUMENTSFORREASONSOFSTRENGTHANDSAFETYREQUIRERIGOROUSLYTHATTHESTRUCTURESOFCONCRETEORREINFORCEDCONCRETETOBESIZEDUNDERDYNAMICLOADSESPECIALLYSEISMICTYPESEVERALSTUDIESHAVEBEENUNDERTAKENINTHISDIRECTIONTOCONSIDERSTRUCTURESOFDAMAGEDCONCRETESUBJECTEDTOSEISMICLOADSCALAYIRANDKARATON2005OMIDIETAL2012DAVENNEETAL2003WECONSIDERINTHISPAPERADAMSTRUCTUREDESIGNEDWITHCONCRETESUBJECTEDTODYNAMICLOADINGOFTHESEISMICTYPEFORDYNAMICINPUT,THETRANSVERSEANDVERTICALACCELERATIONCOMPONENTSOF11DECEMBER1967KOYNAEARTHQUAKEARESELECTEDWEWILLCONSIDERTHEHYDROSTATICEFFECTSOFTHEBASINPERSQUAREMETEROFSURFACEAPPLIEDTOTHEDAMWALL,BUTHYDRODYNAMICEFFECTSARENOTTAKENINTOCONSIDERATIONTHEEFFECTOFTHEDAMPINGCOEFFICIENTISTAKENINTOACCOUNTINTHECALCULATIONSTHEMATERIALISBASEDONTHEISOTROPICMODELDEVELOPEDBYJMAZARS1984INLOCALAPPROACHITISANEXPLICITDAMAGEMODELTHATCANACCURATELYDESCRIBETHEBEHAVIORINTENSIONANDCOMPRESSIONITALSOALLOWSREPRODUCINGTHEDAMAGEOFTENSION,COMPRESSIONANDDECREASEOFSTIFFNESSTHISMODELHASBEENIMPLEMENTEDINFINITEELEMENTPROGRAMWRITTENINFORTRAN90LANGUAGE,DESIGNEDTODEALSPECIFICALLYWITHNONLINEARMATERIALMODELINGTHEPROGRAMISDESIGNEDTOSOLVETHEGENERALEQUATIONOFDYNAMIC,CONSEQUENTLYALLOWINGUSTOCALCULATETHEDISPLACEMENTSATNODES,STRAINS,STRESSESANDDAMAGEATTHEGAUSSINTEGRATIONPOINTSTIMEINTEGRATIONSCHEMESCALLEDEXPLICITAREADOPTEDINNUMERICALSOLUTIONOFDYNAMICEQUILIBRIUMEQUATIONSFORDAMSTRUCTUREWITHSMALLTIMESTEPINPARTICULARWEADOPTACENTRALDIFFERENCEMETHODITISBASEDONAPPROXIMATIONOFVELOCITIESANDACCELERATIONSWITHQUOTIENTSOFFINITEDIFFERENCEOFKNOWNVALUESOFDISPLACEMENTSWITHREGULARTIMESTEPTHISMETHODISKNOWNCONDITIONALLYSTABLE,WITHAVERYSMALLTIMEINTERVALWEADOPTINTHISWORKTHEFINITEELEMENTMETHOD,THISMETHODISBASEDONACONTINUOUSDESCRIPTIONOFMATTER,ITCANBEAPPLIEDTONUMERICALSIMULATIONOFTHEDEGRADATIONOFQUASIBRITTLEMATERIALSFORTREATMENTOFLINEARANDNONLINEARPROBLEMS1DYNAMICEQUILIBRIUMEQUATIONSFORDYNAMICEQUILIBRIUMOFABODYINMOTION,THEEQUATIONOFMOTIONATTIMESTATIONTNISGIVENASTHEFOLLOWINGEXPRESSION1OWENANDHINTON1986MUCUPNFNWHEREMANDCARETHEGLOBALMASSANDDAMPINGMATRICESRESPECTIVELY,1PNISTHEGLOBALVECTOROFINTERNALRESISTINGNODALFORCES,FNISTHEVECTOROFCONSISTENTNODALFORCESFORTHEAPPLIEDBODYANDSURFACESTRACTIONFORCESGROUPEDTOGETHER,THEBODYFORCETERMMUGDUETOSEISMICEXCITATION,ISINCLUDEDINTHEBODYFORCESWHICHARETAKENINTOACCOUNTINFN,UNISTHEGLOBALVECTOROFNODALACCELERATIONSANDUNISTHEGLOBALVECTOROFNODALVELOCITIESEQUATIONOFMOTION1CANBEREWRITTENBYUSINGCENTRALDIFFERENCEEQUATIONASFOLLOWING2T1TUN1M2CT2PFN2MUNM2CUN12INORDERTOSOLVETHEEQUATION2EXPLICITLY,THEMASSMATRIXMANDTHEDAMPINGMATRIXCARETRANSFORMEDINDIAGONALMATRICESUNDERTHESEASSUMPTIONS,EQUATION2CANBEREWRITTENASASCALAREQUATION3OWENANDHINTON1986PAULTRE2005T2PF2MUMCUININIIINTIIIIIN1U2IN1TMIIII23THESTABILITYOFEQUATION3ISLINKEDTOTAVERYSMALLTIMEINTERVALTHEINTERNALRESISTINGFORCESUSINGINTHENUMERICALPROGRAMISGIVENBYTHEFOLLOWINGEXPRESSION4,PINBITNDWHEREANDBIARETHEEFFECTIVESTRESSANDTHEGLOBALSTRAINDISPLACEMENTMATRIX2CONSTITUTIVEMODELINTHEPRESENTWORKWEAREGOINGTOUSETHELOCALAPPROACHOFMAZARSSMODELITISBASEDONTHECONCEPTOFEFFECTIVESTRESSDEVELOPEDBYKACHANOV1958THENOTIONOFEFFECTIVESTRESSALLOWSUSTODISTINGUISHBETWEENANORIGINALMATERIALANDADAMAGEDONETHROUGHASCALARVARIABLEDKNOWINGTHATTHECONDITION0D1ISREPRESENTATIVEOFTHESTATEOFDEGRADATIONOFTHEMATERIALFORD0THEMATERIALISCONSIDEREDUNDAMAGED,FORD1THEMATERIALCOMPLETELYDAMAGEDTHEEXPRESSIONOFTHEEFFECTIVESTRESSISGIVENBYTHEFOLLOWINGFORMULA1D5CRACKSINQUASIBRITTLEMATERIALSAPPEARMAINLYWHENTHEMATERIALISINTENSIONTHEMAZARSSMODELTHUSCONSIDERSONLYPOSITIVEPRINCIPALSTRAINSTHISCHOICEISTHUSWELLSUITEDFORQUASIBRITTLEMATERIALSSUCHASFORMORTARANDCONCRETETHEEXPRESSIONOFTHEEQUIVALENTSTRAINWITHRESPECTTOMAINPOSITIVESTRAINSISGIVENBY6WHEREII2ANDIDENOTETHEMAINSTRAINCOMPONENTS1I321THRESHOLDFUNCTIONADAMAGELOADINGFUNCTIONF,D,DEPENDINGONDAMAGEVARIABLE,ISINTRODUCEDTHISDAMAGETHRESHOLDFUNCTIONDEFINESTHEDOMAINWHERETHEBEHAVIORISREVERSIBLE,ASLONGASF,D0,THEDAMAGEDOESNOTINCREASESO,FORAGIVENSTATEOFDAMAGE,THELOADINGFUNCTIONISF,DD7WHEREDISTHEVARIABLERELATEDTOTHEHISTORYOFTHEDAMAGECALLEDEQUIVALENTSTRAINANDDEPENDSONMAINSTRAINSIGIVENBYTHEEXPRESSION6,SUCHAS0IF0ANDIFI0DAMAGEDGROWSWHENTHEEQUIVALENTSTRAINREACHESATHRESHOLDDINITIALIZEDAT0DDIFF,DD0,THEN8KDDAMAGEDEFINEDBYMAZARSISSPLITINTOTWOPARTSDTDTCDC9THEPARAMETERISREPRESENTATIVEOFSHEAREXPERIMENTSITISUSUALLYCONSIDEREDASCONSTANT105PIEROTETAL2007DTANDDCAREDAMAGEVARIABLESINTENSIONANDCOMPRESSIONRESPECTIVELYTHEEVOLUTIONOFDAMAGEISPROVIDEDINANINTEGRATEDFORM,ASAFUNCTIONOFTHEVARIABLE1AAD0T,CT,CDT,C1EXPBT,CD103DAMAGERESPONSEOFKOYNADAMTHEKOYNACONCRETEGRAVITYDAM,103MINHEIGHTAND702MINWIDTHSHOWNINFIG1,ISLOCATEDONTHEKOYNARIVERINTHEWESTOFTHEINDIANPENINSULAIN1967,A65MAGNITUDEEARTHQUAKESHOOKTHEREGIONWITHMAXIMUMACCELERATIONMEASUREDATTHEFOUNDATIONGALLERYOF049AND034GINHORIZONTALDIRECTIONNORMALTOTHEDAMAXISANDINTHEVERTICALONE,RESPECTIVELYTHETIMEHISTORIESRECORDSOFTHEKOYNAEARTHQUAKEARESHOWNINFIG2SEVEREDAMAGEWASFOUNDINTHEFORMOFHORIZONTALCRACKINGOBSERVEDONBOTHTHEUPSTREAMANDDOWNSTREAMFACESOFTHEUPPERPARTOFDAMMONOLITHSINTHISPAPER,THENONLINEARDYNAMICANALYSISOFKOYNADAMISPERFORMEDUSINGTHECONCRETEMODELWITHISOTROPICDAMAGEINLOCALAPPROACHWENOTETHATTHEDAMRESERVOIRINTERACTIONISNOTCONSIDEREDTHEMESHOFTHEDAMSECTIONISSHOWNINFIG2BNODEN313ISSELECTEDTOREPRESENTTHETIMEHISTORYGRAPHSOFVERTICALANDHORIZONTALMOVEMENTATTHEDAMCRESTTHETHREEELEMENTINTEGRATIONPOINTSP807,P811,P815ARESELECTEDTOREPRESENTTHETIMEHISTORYGRAPHOFDAMAGEFIG1AGEOMETRICPROPRIETIESBMESHOFTHEDAMTHEMATERIALPROPERTIESUSEDINTHISSTUDYAREASFOLLOWINTHETABLE1TABLE1MATERIALPROPERTIESELASTICMODULUSPOISSONSRATIODENSITYTENSILESTRENGTHD0ATBTACBCTHECRITICALVISCOUSDAMPINGCOEFFICIENTUSEDINTHISSTUDYCANTAKETHREEVALUESESTIMATEDAT3,5AND7INTEGRATIONTIMESTEPISTAKENASEQUALTO0001STHEDYNAMICEXCITATIONISBYACCELEROGRAMSWHOSEHORIZONTALANDVERTICALCOMPONENTSARETHETIMEHISTORIESORRECORDSOFTHEKOYNAEARTHQUAKESHOWNINFIG2THEEFFECTSCAUSEDBYTHEEARTHQUAKESUCHASDISPLACEMENTS,STRAINS,STRESSESANDDAMAGETOTHEGRAVITYDAMSTRUCTUREARESUMMARIZEDINGRAPHSTHATAREDISCUSSEDANDCOMPAREDTORESULTSOBTAINEDINTHELITERATUREFIG2THEKOYNAACCELEROGRAMSAVERTICALCOMPONENTBHORIZONTALCOMPONENTFIGURE3SHOWTHETIMEHISTORYGRAPHSOFTHEVERTICALANDHORIZONTALDISPLACEMENTSOFTHENODALPOINT313LOCATEDATTHECRESTOFTHEDAMFIG3TIMEHISTORYGRAPHSOFTHEVERTICALANDHORIZONTALDISPLACEMENTSOFTHENODALPOINT313ATTHEDAMCRESTAVERTICALDISPLACEMENTBHORIZONTALDISPLACEMENT1,00,80,60,40,20,03,353,403,453,503,553,603,65TIMESECFIG4CUMULATEDDAMAGERECORDSATINTEGRATIONPOINTS815,811AND8074DISCUSSIONOFRESULTSINTHISPART,WEWILLREPORTTHEEFFECTSOFTHECONCRETEDAMAGEONTHESEISMICRESPONSEOFTHEGRAVITYDAMTHEVALUEOFTHEDAMPINGRATIOIS5FORTHESOLUTIONSOFTHISCALCULATIONEXAMPLEFIG3SHOWTHETIMEHISTORYGRAPHSOFTHEVERTICALANDHORIZONTALDISPLACEMENTSOFTHENODALPOINT313LOCATEDATTHECRESTOFTHEDAMWENOTETHATTHEDISPLACEMENTSARERELATIVELYLOWDURINGTHEFIRSTTWOSECONDSBECAUSEOFLOWTHEAMPLITUDESOFTHEEXCITATIONSTHEDISPLACEMENTSREACHTHEIRMAXIMUMAT3SAND47S,20MMWASRECORDEDAT462S,THEMAXIMUMDISPLACEMENTVALUEDOESNOTCORRESPONDTOTHEMAXIMUMAMPLITUDEOFTHEEXCITEMENTTHATISRECORDEDAT365STHENODALDISPLACEMENTSDECREASEAFTER5STHEREISNODAMAGEDURINGMOVEMENTWHERETHEAMPLITUDEISRELATIVELYLOWDAMAGEWEREOBSERVEDSEEFIG4INTHEDAMAFTER353SATTHEINTEGRATIONPOINT815OFTHEELEMENT204,THENFROM354SATINTEGRATIONPOINT811OFTHEELEMENT203ANDFINALLY,FROM354SATGAUSSPOINT807OFTHEELEMENT202ITMAYBENOTEDTHATTHEEVOLUTIONOFTHEDAMAGEISMAINLYCONCENTRATEDINTHETIMEINTERVALWHERETHEMAXIMUMVALUESOFPOSITIVEANDNEGATIVEDISPLACEMENTSOCCURTHERESULTSOBTAINEDINOURSTUDYCOMPAREDTOTHOSEOFREFERENCESCALAYIRANDKARATON2005JIANWENETAL2011ARERELATIVELYSATISFACTORY5CONCLUSIONTHEAIMOFTHISSTUDYIS,FIRSTLYTOHAVETHERESPONSEOFGRAVITYDAMSUBJECTEDTOSEISMICLOADINGASATIMEHISTORYOFTHEDISPLACEMENTS,STRAINSANDSTRESSESSECONDLYTOREPRESENTTHETIMEHISTORYOFDAMAGEEVOLUTIONINTHEINTEGRATIONPOINTSANDTODEDUCETHEAREASLIKELYTOBEDAMAGEDFIRSTLYANDHOWDOTHEYDEVELOPINTHESTRUCTURETHECHOICEOFTHEMETHODISRELATEDTOTHEVERYSMALLTIMEINTERVALCONSIDEREDTHECHOICEOFKOYNACONCRETEGRAVITYDAMISDUETOTHEFACTTHATMANYSTUDIESHAVEBEENDONEONTHISSTRUCTUREWHICHEXPERIENCEDADEVASTATINGEARTHQUAKEIN1967THEEARTHQUAKERECORDSAREINTHEFORMOFACCELEROGRAMSWITHHORIZONTALANDVERTICALCOMPONENTSWHICHAREUSEDASDYNAMICLOADSTHEEFFECTOFTHEDAMPINGCOEFFICIENTISOBVIOUSLYTAKENINTOACCOUNTHYDRODYNAMICEFFECTSARENOTCONSIDEREDINTHISSTUDYREFERENCESCALAYIR,Y,KARATON,M,2005ACONTINUUMDAMAGECONCRETEMODELFOREARTHQUAKEANALYSISOFCONCRETEGRAVITYDAMRESERVOIRSYSTEMSSOILDYNAMICSANDEARTHQUAKEENGINEERING252005857869DAVENNEL,RAGUENEAUF,MAZARSJ,IBRAHIMBEGOVICA,2003EFFICIENTAPPROACHESTOFINITEELEMENTANALYSISINEARTHQUAKEENGINEERINGCOMPUTERSANDSTRUCTURES81200312231239DUBJF,1994MODLISATIONSIMPLIFIEETCOMPORTEMENTVISCOENDOMMAGEABLEDESSTRUCTURESENBTON,PHDTHESIS,UNIVERSITYOFPARIS6HENTZS,DAUDEVILLEL,DONZFV,2004DISCRETEELEMENTMODELLINGOFCONCRETESUBMITTEDTODYNAMICLOADINGATHIGHSTRAINRATESCOMPUTERSANDSTRUCTURES82200425092524HERVG,GATUINGTF,2002SIMULATIONNUMRIQUEDELENDOMMAGEMENTDEDALLESENBTONETBTONARMIMPACTESPARUNRACTEURDAVIONIDALISLMT,ENSCACHANJIANWENP,CHUHANNZ,YANJIEX,FENGJ,2011ACOMPARATIVESTUDYOFTHEDIFFERENTPROCEDURESFORSEISMICCRACKINGANALYSISOFCONCRETEDAMSSOILDYNAMICSANDEARTHQUAKEENGINEERING31201115