wn英语虚拟语气的用法详解fb

虚拟语气的用法荟萃一概念虚拟语气是指和现实情况相反的假设，是对真实情况的主观臆想或是一种主观愿望。二虚拟语气涉及的情况1用在由IF引导的非真实条件句中。条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。A真实条件句即条件是可实现的客观事实或者真实情况。如IFYOUHEATICE,ITMELTS融化IFIMAKEAPROMISE,IKEEPITIFWECATCHTHEEARLYBUS,WEWILLSHALL,CAN,MAY,GETTHEREBYLUNCHTIMEIFITISFINETOMORROW,WECANPLAYBASKETBALL客观事实IFITRAINS,IGOTOSCHOOLONFOOTBIF引导的非真实条件句中，即虚拟条件句中。主要涉及到对三种情况的虚拟对过去的虚拟；对现在的虚拟；对将来的虚拟。谓语动词的时态变化符合“倒退一步法”。对过去真实情况的虚拟，或者对过去事实完全相反的假设公式IFHADVED分词（从句）,WOULD（COULD,MIGHT,SHOULD）HAVEVED分词（主句）如IFWEHADSTARTEDEARLIER,WESHOULDNOTHAVEMISSEDTHETRAINIFSHEHADNTBEENILL,SHEMIGHTHAVECOMEIFTHEYHADHELPEDUS,WEWOULDHAVEFINISHEDTHETASK实际上没帮IFIHADMADEGOODPREPATATION,IWOULDNTHAVELOSTTHEJOB对现在真实情况的虚拟，或者对现在真实情况相反的假设公式IFV过去式BE多用WERE,WOULD/SHOULD/COULD/MIGHT动词原形IFIWEREABIRD,IWOULDFLYTOTHETOPOFMOUNTHUAIFIHADTIME,IWOULDGOTOTHEMOVIESWITHYOU实际上没时间IFIHADENOUGHMONEY,IWOULDBUYTHATNEWTOYFORYOU对将来情况相反的假设公式IF。动词过去式/SHOULD动词原形/WERETO动词原形,。WOULD/SHOULD/COULD/MIGHT动词原形IFITSHOULD/WERETO/RAINTOMORROW,IWOULDSTAYATHOME下雨的可能性很小IFKOBESHOULDCOMETOOURVILLAGE,IWOULDTAKEPHOTOSWITHHIM注意虚拟语气的倒装语序上述1,2,3三种时态的虚拟句中,如果IF从句里含有SHOULD,HAD,WERE或其他助动词,则可将从属连词IF省去,将助动词情态动词BE或HAVE放在句首形成部分倒装IFIHADTIME,IWOULDHAVEDONETHATYESTERDAYHADIHADTIME,IWOULDHAVEDONETHATYESTERDAYIFIWEREYOU,IWOULDGOTOTHEPARTYWEREIYOU,IWOULDGOTOTHEPARTYIFITSHOULDRAINTOMORROW,IWOULDSTAYATHOMESHOULDITRAINTOMORROW,IWOULDSTAYATHOME2）错综时间IF虚拟条件句通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式如IFIWEREYOU,IWOULDHAVETAKENHISADVICE从句指一般情况,主句指过去IFIHADTAKENMYRAINCOATWITHMETHISMORNING,IWOULDNOTBEWETNOW从句指过去,主句指现在IFIHADBOUGHTTHATTICKETLASTNIGHT,IWOULDGOTOTHETHEATER剧院WITHYOUTOMORROW3）THAT从句及其他特殊句型中的虚拟语气A在SUGGEST,ORDER（命令）DEMAND（要求）,REQUEST（要求），REQUIRE（要求），PROPOSE（建议）,MOVE（提议），COMMAND,（指挥）,RECOMMEND（推荐）,DECIDE,INSIST（坚持）,DESIRE（渴望）,URGE（督促）等动词后的宾语从句中要用“SHOULD动词原形”来表示愿望,建议,命令,要求等注意由上述动词派生或转化的名词形式，如SUGGESTION,PROPOSAL,PLAN,MOTION,RECOMMENDATION,DEMAND,ORDER,DESIRE,REQUEST,REQUIREMENT,INSISTENCE,ADVICE,DECISION,）等的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式如宾语从句如下表HEORDERED（THAT）ALLTHEBOOKSSHOULDBESENTATONCEIPROPOSETHATHESHOULDBECHOSENASTHEMONITOR班长THETEACHERDEMANDEDTHATALLTHESTUDENTSSHOULDHANDINTHEIRNOTEBOOKSAFTERCLASSTHEDOCTORINSISTED/DECIDEDTHATHESHOULDNOTEATMEAT表语从句及同位语从句如下表HISORDERWASTHATALLTHEBOOKSSHOULDBESENTATONCE表语从句HEGAVETHEORDERTHATALLTHEBOOKSSHOULDBESENTATONCE同位语从句MYPROPOSEWASTHATHESHOULDBECHOSENASTHEMONITOR表语从句THETEACHERSDEMANDWASTHATALLTHESTUDENTSSHOULDHANDINTHEIRNOTEBOOKSAFTERCLASS（表语从句）THEDOCTORSDECISIONTHATHESHOULDNOTEATMEATWASREASONABLE合理的B在ITIS/WAS某些形容词THAT从句的句型中,THAT从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气,即“SHOULD动词原形”。这些形容词有IMPORTANT,NECESSARY（必要的）,ESSENTIAL（关键的，及其重要的）,IMPERATIVE（必需的）,NATURAL,STRANGE,ADVISABLE（可取的，明智的）,DESIRABLE（可取的）,POSSIBLE,PROBABLE（很可能的）,ASTONISHING（令人震惊的）,SURPRISING,DESIRED,SUGGESTED（被建议的）,REQUESTED,（被要求的）RECOMMENDED（被推荐的）,ORDERED,PROPOSED,DECIDED,OBLIGATORY（义不容辞的,必须的,MOVED（被提议的）等如ITISNECESSARY/ESSENTIAL/IMPERATIVE/IMPORTANTTHATHESHOULDBEGIVENTHECHANCEITSORDEREDTHATHESHOULDCOMEBACKWITHOUTDELAY他被命令不许回来迟了。ITSVERYESSENTIALTHATWESHOULDLEARNTOSPEAKENGLISHUNDERTHEBACKGROUNDOFECONOMICGLOBALIZATIONITSADVISABLETHATHESHOULDTAKEPARTINTHEPARTY注意SHOULD动词原形或完成形式”可表示惊奇,遗憾,怀疑,不满等。I用于EXPECT,BELIEVE,THINK,SUSPECT等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中如INEVEREXPECTEDTHATTHENEWAPARTMENTSHOULDBESOSMALLII用于“ITISAPITY,ITISASHAME,ITISNOWONDER等THAT”等结构后的主语从句中如ITISAPITYTHATHESHOULDBESOCARELESSIII在由FORFEARTHAT,INCASE,LEST（以防）等引导的状语从句中,用“SHOULD动词原形”表示“惟恐，防备，推测”的意思SHOULD可以省略。EGHEHANDLEDTHEINSTRUMENTWITHCAREFORFEARTHATITSHOULDBEDAMAGEDHEWALKEDOUTOFTHEROOMQUIETLYLESTHISMOTHERSHOULDNOTICEHIM4）用在WISH之后的宾语从句中。表示现在的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时，BE换成WEREIWISHIWERENOTATTHEPARTY我希望现在自己没在这个晚会上。表示过去的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或COULDHAVEVEDIWISHIHADSTUDIEDHARDERLASTTERM我希望上学期我学习更努力就好了。表示将来不大可能实现的愿望，从句谓语用WOULDVIWISHHEWOULDINVITEMETOTHEPARTYTHISWEEKEND5用在ITISABOUTHIGHTIMETHAT从句中（表示应该做，但还没做）。THAT从句的谓语用一般过去时，THAT可省略。如ITSHIGHTIMEWEWENTTOBED6在WOULDRATHER,WOULDSOONER宁愿,WOULDJUSTASSOON宁愿的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词有两种情况表示现在或将来虚拟时，谓语一般都用一般过去时；如IWOULDRATHERYOUCAMENEXTWEEKINSTEADOFTODAY表示过去虚拟用过去完成时。如；IWOULDRATHERTHATIHADNTFINISHEDTHETASK7在“ASIF/ASTHOUGH”引导的状语从句中,谓语动词与WISH的宾语从句的虚拟形式相同如HEWORKSWITHSUCHENTHUSIASM（热情）ASIFHENEVERKNEWFATIGUE（疲劳）HESPEAKSENGLISHASTHOUGHHEWEREANAMERICAN注意若ASIF从句表示的是真实情况，则不用虚拟语气，照常用陈述语气。如ITSEEMSASIFTHEYKNOWEACHOTHER真实情况ITSEEMSASTHOUGHITWEREALREADYSPRING虚拟语气8）用在IFONLY（要是。就好了）引起的感叹句中EGIFONLYTH