英语时态总结

1、动词的时态A:一般现在时态 通常表示目前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 结构 ：1）be动词的第一人称单数为am，第三人称单数为is. 有一顺口溜体： 我用am你用are ，is跟着他她它, 单数is,复数are 肯定式:主语+ am /is/are +其他 否定式:主语+ am/is/are +not + 其他疑问式:Am /Is /Are + 主语+ 其他? 简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语 + am/ is /are (否) No,主语 + am /is/are not2）行为动词除主语是第三人称单数外，都用动词原形，主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加-s或-es 肯定式:主语+动词原

2、形/动词的第三人称单数，否定式:主语+助动词 dont/doesnt +动词原形+其他 疑问式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 注意：have的第三人称单数为has 用法：1.表示事实,现状,性质或经常性的或习惯性的动作,常与always, usually，often, usually, sometimes, hardly ever， every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays，in the morning等时间状语连用. eg. He

3、 has a brother. I leave home for school at seven in the morning. 2.表示客观真理、科学事实、格言或警句等不受时间限制的客观存在. eg. The earth goes round the sun. Three plus five is eight. Pride goes before a fall. (骄者必败)3.在以here、there 开头的句子中，用一般现在时表示正在进行的动作。eg. Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。 There goes the bell. 上课铃响了。4.在时间和条件状语从句中代

4、表一般将来时 . eg. Ill e-mail you as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就给你发邮件。Ill go with you if you are free tomorrow.B:一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时通常由动词的过去式表示。 结构： 1.动词的第一、三有称单数用,其他人称用,其肯定式,否定式,疑问式和简略回答形式与一般现在时相似。 2.行为动词的过去式分为规则和不规则两种, 规则动词的过去式是在动词后加或,不规则动词需要专门记忆。 肯定式:主语+动词的过去式 + 其他 eg. I got up at six this

5、 morning. 否定式:主语 + did not + 动词原形 + 其他 eg. John didnt live here last year. 疑问式:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 eg. Did you see him a moment ago? 简略回答.(肯)Yes, 主语 +did (否)No , 主语 + didnt. 用法 ：1.主要用于过去某个时间点发生的动作或状态，此时常有明确的时间状语。如：yesterday , last week, an hour ago, just now, the other day, in 1982等 eg. My father w

6、as at work yesterday. Where did you go just now? 你刚刚去哪里了？2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often, always 等表示频度的时间状语连用. eg. He always went to work by bus last summer. C:一般将来时态表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示一般将来时的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next week, in a few days, soon, in the future, in 2020等。 结构：主语+助动词shall/will + 动词原形（当主语第一人称时I /W

7、e时，用shall） 肯定式:主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他否定式:主语+shall/will+ not+动词原形+其他.疑问式:Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+shall/will . (否)No,主语+shall/will+ not 用法:1.在以第一人称为主语的问句中,常用 shall 表示提议和询问情况,在以第二人称作主语的问句中,用will 表示请求. eg. Where shall we have the meeting? Will you please lend me your pen? 2.当主语是第一人称时,用will 表

8、示意愿.决心.允诺.命令等. eg. I will give you an English-Chinese dictionary for your birthday. 3.在时间或条件状语从句或用来表示按时间表的规定将要发生的事情,一般现在时代替一般将来时. eg. Ill tell him about it as soon as I see him. My plane takes off at seven tomorrow morning. 4.be going to +动词原形 多用于口语，强调事先打算、计划要做的事情或有某种迹象要发生的事情。(1).表示主观意愿.打算等. e.g. He

9、s going to learn English next term. What are you going to do this evening ?(2).根据已有迹象,可能要发生的情况 e.g. Look at the black clouds! -It is going to rain. 5. be doing 表示即将发生的动作，多于表示位移的动词come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start等连用.e.g. She is leaving for Beijing. 她就要启程去北京。D:现在进行时态表示目前或目前阶段正在进行的动作。常于now, look, li

10、sten等词连用。 结构：主语+am/is/are + 动词的-ing形式 用法： 1.表示目前发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用时间状语有:now, at the moment . e.g. Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment? Listen! She is singing in the next room. 2.表示目前阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作. e.g. They are planting trees these days. 3.表示按计划或安排即将进行的动作, 常与表示将来时间的状语连用.表示这种动

11、作的动词有:come, go, leave, arrive, start, see等 e.g. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon. 注意: 某些表示感觉或状态的动词,如 love, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用现在进行时. e.g. Lucy prefers art to science. 练习题： 1.Mary and Joe go to the Shopping Center _ . a. once a week b. in a week c. next week d. for a w

12、eek 2.Be quiet! The baby _ (sleep) in the next room. 3.Dick will pass the message on to your sister as soon as he _ (meet) her in her office tomorrow. 4.The bell for the class rang while they _ (play) on the playground. 5.Lucy said it _ (rain) later on. 思考题: 1.The Chinese people _(work) hard to make

13、 their country stronger and more beautiful. 2.Hell write to you as soon as he _ (arrive ) in Hainan. 3.The students of Class One _(have)a meeting from three to five yesterday afternoon. 4.The sky is black. It _ (rain), Im afraid. 5.If it _(not snow)tomorrow, well go skating 6.Mr and Mrs. Green_(trav

14、el)to the south of China next week, arent they? 7.I_(not see)the film with you because Ive seen it already. 8.He told us that he_(stay)here till the next week. 9.I_(lose)my pen this morning. I havent found it yet. G:现在完成时态表示到目前为止已经完成，并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动作。 结构：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词 用法:1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影

15、响或结果,常与一些时间状语,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice等连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如these days, today, this year, so far等连用.e.g. I have already posted the letter. (信已经不在我这儿了) 备：already用于肯定句的句中或句末；yet用于一般疑问句或否定句的句末。但示惊讶时，already也可用于疑问句。 2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状

16、语连用,即for +时间段,since+时间点/从句, in the last ten years等,谓语只可用延续性动词. 解析： 1.英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中. e.g. Ive left Shanghai for

17、 three days.() Ive been away from Shanghai for three days.( ).I left Shanghai three days ago. ( ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( ) 2.初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法: .将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时. e.g.我弟弟参军两年了.

18、My brother joined the army two years ago. .若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词 常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away (from) buy-have fa

19、ll asleep-be asleep end/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold join the army-be in the army be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party be a Party member My brother has been in the army for two years. My brother has been a soldier for two years. 3.现在完成时中been to, gone to和been in/at been to去过某地,表示某人的

20、一种经历,可以和once, twice, already, ever, never等连用. e.g. She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在这里) gone to 去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地, eg. She has gone to Shanghai。 (表示现在她人不在这里) been in/at 逗留在某地(已经一段时间).常和for ten days, since I came here等连用. eg. She has been in Shanghai since she moved there. 4.现在完成时和一般

21、过去时的区别现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况,不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, in 1991,three days ago last time, last night等连用一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实,和现在不发生关系. 5.现在完成时中的 for 与 sincefor + 时间段 与延续性动词的现在完成时连用 since + 时间点/从句I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago. 6. It is /has

22、 been +一段时间 + since 从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了. eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 注意:1.since 引导的从句中动词用过去时2.when 引导的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用.练习题: 1.Its a long time since we _ (meet) last, isnt it? 2.-I know you _ (choose) a picture book among these. -Yes, Have a look at it, please. 3.So far, spaceships without people _ (reach) the