[讲义]2016.3.27李云老师《新题型讲义》

1、新题型三大题型一个对策三大题型一个对策一一立足结构，承上启下一、三大题型1标题内容搭配题：一篇长度约500词的文章，有67段文字以及67个小标题。这些标题分别是对文中某一段落的概括、归纳或举例，要求考生将标题和各段内容一一搭配。2完形填句、段题：一篇长度为500600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有 67段文字。要求考生根据文章内容从这67段文字中选择能分别放入文章中5个空白处的5段。3排序题：一篇长度为 500600词的文章，各段落的原有顺序被打乱。要求考生根据文章 的逻辑思路将其重新排序。二、真题展示1标题内容搭配题2016 Part BDirections:Read the follo

2、w ing text and an swer the questi ons by choos ing the most suitable subheadi ng from the A-G for each of the nu mbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadi ngs. Mark your an swers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 poi nts)A Create a new image of yourselfB Have con fide nee in yourselfC Decide if t

3、he time is rightD Un derstood the con textE Work with professi on alsF Make it efficie ntG Know your goalsNo matter how formal or in formal the work environment, the way you prese nt yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton Uni versit

4、y, people assess your compete nee, trustworth in ess, and like ability in just a tenth of a sec ond, solely based on the way you look.The differenee between today s workplace and the“ dress for success ” era is that the rangeopti ons is so much broader, Norms have evolved and fragme nted. In some se

5、tt in gs, red sn eakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal gen erati on yet the most con scious of style and pers o

6、nal brandin g. It can be confusing.So how do we n avigate this? How do we know whe n to in vest in an upgrade? And what s thbest way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41. As an executive coach, I ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions when looking

7、 for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing workenvironments. If you re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rutmaybe a good time. If you renot sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others p

8、erceive you. Maybe there s no need for an upgraand that s OK.42. Get clear on what impact you re hoping to have . Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For ano ther, it may be to be perceived

9、 as more approachable, or more moder n and stylish. For some one moving from finance to advertis ing, maybe they want to look more“ SoHo. ” (Itto use characterizations like that.)43. Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your en viro nment? What convey status? W

10、ho are your most importa nt audie nces? How do the people you respect and look up to prese nt themselves? The better you un dersta nd the cultural con text, the more con trol you can have over your impact.44. En list the support of professi on als and share with them your goals and con text. Hire a

11、pers onal stylist, or use the free styli ng service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist in stead of a barber. Work with a professi onal photographer in stead of your spouse or friend. It not as expe nsive as you might thi nk.45. The point of a style upgrade isn becornetrtoore va in or to spe

12、nd more time fuss ing over what to wear. I nstead, use it as an opport un ity to reduce decisi on fatigue . Pick a sta ndard work uniform or a few go-to opti ons. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist in stead of shopp ing alone, one article of cloth ing at a time.2 完形填句、段题2012 Part BDirecti o

13、ns:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41 45, choose the mostsuitable one from the list A- G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Think of those f

14、leeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that youare flying, higher tha n a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner tha n a brow n-paper en velope, or yourcellph one in the palm of your hand. Take a mome nt or two to won der at those marvels. You are the lucky in heritor

15、of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs andvisionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press,studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as th

16、e mail carrier.(41).The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of product on, means of distributi on, site of recepti on, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21 st century culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebra

17、te the computer, we must also tread with caution.(42). I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise thatthere are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use n etworked computers to upload are not eve

18、 n aware of the sig nifica nee of what they are doing.All ani mals dow nl oad, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams, birds make n ests. Yet for themost part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around a

19、nd use them to create superfluous material goods paintin gs, sculpture and architecture and superfluous experie nces music, literature, religi on and philosophy. (43).For all the possibilities of our new culture mach in es, most people are still stuck in dow nl oad mode.Even after the advent of wide

20、spread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge perce ntage rema ining content to just con sume. (44).Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest ta

21、sk that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45).What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of stick in ess -creati ons and experie nces to which others adhere.A Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that defi

22、ne human culture and ultimately what it is to be huma n. Downl oad ing and con sum ing culture requires great skills, but faili ng to movebey ond dow nl oad ing is to strip on eself of a defi ning con stitue nt of huma ni ty.B Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, word

23、s and other mediain creative ways and the n share them, have the pote ntial to add stick in ess by amus ing, en terta ining and en lighte ning others and engen deri ng more of the same.C Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also man aged to embed it in a

24、 worldwide system accessed by billi ons of people every day.D This is because the n etworked computer has sparked a secret war betwee n dow nl oadi ng and uploading between passive consumption and active creation whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begi n to imagi ne.E

25、 The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by ano ther in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.F One reas on for the persiste nee of this pyramid of producti on is that for the past half-ce ntury,much of the world m

26、edia culture has been defined by a single medium television and television is defi ned by dow nl oad ing.G The networked computer offers the first chanee in 50 years to reverse the flow, toen courage thoughtful dow nl oadi ng and, even more importa ntly, meanin gful upload ing.3 排序题2014 Part BDirect

27、ions:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorga nize these paragraphs into a cohere nt text by choos ing from the list A_G and filli ng them into the nu mbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have bee n correctly placed. Mark your an swers on the A

28、NSWER SHEET (10 poi nts)A Some archaeological sites have always been easily observablefor example, the Parthe non in Athe ns, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Ston ehe nge in souther n En gla nd. But these sites are excepti ons to the norm. Most archaeological sites have b

29、ee n located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literallyfell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousa nds of Aztec artifacts came to light duri ng the diggi ng of the Me

30、xico City subway in the1970s.B In ano ther case, America n archaeologists Ren Millio n and George Cowgill spe nt years systematically mapp ing the en tire city of Teotihuaca n in the Valley of Mexico n ear what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human set

31、tlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hun dreds of simpler apartme nt complexes where com mon people lived.C How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the gro

32、und? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavati ons on) large areas of terra in to determ ine where excavatio n will yield useful in formati on. Surveys and test samples have also become importa nt for un dersta nding the larger Ian dscapes that contain archaeological sites.D Surveys can

33、cover a single large settlement or entire Iandscapes. In one case, many researchers work ing around the ancient Maya city of Copa n, Hon duras, have located hun dreds of small rural villages and in dividual dwell ings by using aerial photographs and by making surveyson foot. The resulting settlement

34、 maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.E To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-tech no logy tools and tech niq ues. Airbo

35、r ne tech no logies, such as differe nt types of radar and photographic equipme nt carried by airpla nes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to lear n about what lies ben eath the ground without diggi ng. Aerial surveys locate gen eral areas of in terest or larger buried features, such as ancient bu

36、ildings or fields.stores in AthF Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptia n pharaoh Tuta nkham un existed from in formati on found in oth

37、er sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealersGreece. He was search ing for tiny en graved seals attributed to the ancient Mycen aea n culture that do

38、minated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knoss s) on the island of Grete, in 1900.G Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful.Most ground surveys in vol

39、ve a lot of walk in g, look ing for surface clues such as small fragme nts of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a Ian dscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried rema ins by using such tech no logies as ground radar, magn

40、 etic-field record ing, and metal detectors. Archaeologists com monly use computers to map sites and the Ian dscapes around sites. Two and three-dime nsional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41. f A f 4

41、2. f E f 43. f 44. f 45.2011 Part B(英语二)Directions:Read the follow ing text and an swer the questi ons by finding in formati on from the rightcolu mnthat corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER S

42、HEET 1.(10 points)Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the governments role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose“fat taxes on unhealthy food and introducecigarette-style warnings to childre n about the dan gers of a poor diet.The dema nds follow comme nts made l

43、ast week by the health secretary, An drewLan sley,who in sisted the gover nment could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free bus in esses from public health regulatio ns.But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of pro

44、ducts high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDon alds.They argue that gover nment action is n ecessary to curb B rita in s addict ion to un healthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terenc

45、e Stephenson, preside nt of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the con sumpti on of un healthy food should be see n to be just as damagi ng as smok ing or excessive drinking.“ Thirty years ago, it would have bee n incon ceivable to have imagi ned a ban on smok ing in the wo

46、rkplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be, said the leader of the UKschildre ns doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than gover nment to take

47、the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and can dies could play a cen tral role in the Change 4 Life campaign, the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticised the celebrity chef Jamie Olivers high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in E

48、ngland as an example of how “ lecturing people was not the best way to cha nge their behaviour.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9 pm and limiti ng them on billb oards or in cin emas.If we were really bold,

49、 we might even beg in to thi nk of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events, ” he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonalds, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Footbal

50、l Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offeringinducements such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephe nson said.Professor Din esh Bhugra, preside nt of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: If chiare taught about the impact that food has on their

51、 growth, and that some things can harm, at least in formatio n is available up front.”He also urged counci ls to impose -foot-free zones ” around schools and hospitalareas with in which takeaways cannot ope n.A Departme nt of Health spokespers on said:“ We n eed to create a new visio n for public he

52、althwhere all of society works together to get healthy and live Ion ger. This in cludes creati ng a new respon sibilitydeal with bus in ess, built on social respon sibility, not state regulati on. Later thisyear, we will publish a white paper sett ing out exactly how we will achieve this.”The food i

53、ndustry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have bee n deployed aga inst smok ing over the last decade.A“ fat taxes ” should be imposec-foiodaptoducerssuch as McDon alds.41. An drew Lan sley held thatB the gover

54、nment should ban fast-food outlets in the n eighborhood of schools42. Terence Stephe nson agreed thatC“ lecturing” was an effective way to improve schlun ches in En gla nd.43. Jamie Oliver seemed to believe thatD cigarette-style warning should be introduced to childre n about the dan gers of a poor

55、diet.44. Din esh Bhugra suggested thatE the producers of crisps and can dies could con tribute significantly to the Change 4 Life campaign.45. A Department of Health spokesperson proposed thatF parents should set good examples for their children by keep ing a healthy diet at home.G the government sh

56、ould strengthenthe senseof resp on sibility among bus in esses.三、启承转合逻辑衔接词以便尽快了解文章的写作思考生应熟悉英语文章中起到启承转合作用的关联词和短语,路和整体结构，为迅速找出正确答案打好基础。转折：however, yet, but, an yhow, any way, n evertheless, while, whereas, in stead, in stead of;并歹U、递进： and, in deed, almost, even, similarly, like, besides, further, mor

57、eover, most importa nt, i n additi on, furthermore, too, also, and the n, aga in;条件、让步： if, only if, i n spite of, despite, though, although, eve n so, even though, rather, after all, regardless;原因、结果： because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, thus, hence, in that, accord in gly, con seque ntl

58、y, as a result, as a con seque nee, so that, to this end;比较、对比：likewise, at the same time, in the same way, in comparison, in contrast, like, as, just as, con versely, on the con trary ;歹 y举、举例：first, sec ond, etc. in the first place, in the sec ond place, n ext, ano ther, fin ally, still,namely, that is, for instanee, for example, as an example, specifically, in particular;时间关系： before, after, un til, till, mean while;