3-外文翻译--用于内燃机的冷却水循环装置.doc
发动机冷却循环水热能回收利用设计【含3张CAD图纸+PDF图】
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密 级分类号编 号成 绩本科生毕业设计 (论文)外 文 翻 译原 文 标 题Cooling water recirculation apparatus for an internal combustion engine译 文 标 题用于内燃机的冷却水循环装置作者所在系别机电工程学院作者所在专业车辆工程作者所在班级B13142作 者 姓 名曾伟作 者 学 号201322422指导教师姓名孟立新指导教师职称讲师完 成 时 间2017年4月北华航天工业学院教务处制译文标题用于内燃机的冷却水循环装置原文标题Cooling water recirculation apparatus for an internal combustion engine作 者译 名国 籍原文出处为了加速内燃机的预热运转并迅速提升冷却水的温度，在发动机主体3和散热器5之间使冷却水再循环的散热器侧冷却水循环回路E，加热器侧冷却水提供了用于使发动机主体3和加热器芯体7之间的冷却水再循环的再循环回路F，以及用于使绕过散热器5的冷却水再循环的散热器旁路回路G.流路切换阀15设置在发动机主体连通路14和散热器旁路通路19合流为一个位置的位置，当冷却水流过散热器侧冷却水再循环回路E时，的冷却水超过散热器水通道允许温度T 1，并且当其温度不高于散热器水通道允许温度T 1时，允许冷却水流过散热器旁路回路G.流量控制阀23设置在加热芯指向连通通道21的中途，用于当冷却水的温度不高于加热器水通过限度时减少流入加热器芯7的冷却水量温度T 2。电水加热器34设置在水套12内。通过使用安装在冷却水系统中的小型蓄热器，可以防止在预热期间排气的故障。 这样的冷却系统包括：冷却水通道，用于将从汽车发动机的冷却水出口流出的冷却水返回到通过散热器的冷却水入口;第一旁通通道，用于使冷却水刚刚从冷却水出口流出后返回到 通过散热器的冷却水入口，第二旁路通道，用于使冷却水刚好从发动机的冷却水出口流出到通过散热器的冷却水入口之后，将冷却水通过散热器的热传感部分 恒温器，用于相应于通过第一旁路通道安装的发动机和蓄热器的负载减小而相对于第二旁路通道扩大与第一旁通通道的冷却水流量比的流量调节阀。发动机冷却系统：发动机的冷却系有风冷和水冷之分。以空气为冷却介质的冷却系成为风冷系；以冷却液为冷却介质的称水冷系。1、冷却系统的循环汽车发动机的冷却系为强制循环水冷系，即利用水泵提高冷却液的压力，强制冷却液在发动机中循环流动。冷却系主要由水泵、散热器、冷却风扇、补偿水箱、节温器、发动机机体和气缸盖中的水套以及附属装置等组成。在冷却系统中，其实有两个散热循环：一个是冷却发动机的主循环，另一个是车内取暖循环。这两个循环都以发动机为中心，使用是同一冷却液。一、冷却发动机的主循环：主循环中包括了两种工作循环，即“冷车循环”和“正常循环”。冷车着车后，发动机在渐渐升温，冷却液的温度还无法打开系统中的节温器，此时的冷却液只是经过水泵在发动机内进行“冷车循环”，目的是使发动机尽快地达到正常工作温度。随着发动机的温度，冷却液温度升到了节温器的开启温度(通常这温度在80后)，冷却循环开始了“正常循环”。这时候的冷却液从发动机出来，经过车前端的散热器，散热后，再经水泵进入发动机。二、车内取暖的循环：这是一个取暖循环，但对于发动机来说，它同样是一个发动机的冷却循环。冷却液经过车内的采暖装置，将冷却液的热量送入车内，然后回到发动机。有一点不同的是：取暖循环不受节温器的控制，只要打开暖气，这循环就开始进行，不管冷却液是冷的、还是热的。2、冷却系统部件分析在整个冷却系统中，冷却介质是冷却液，主要零部件有节温器、水泵、水泵皮带、散热器、散热风扇、水温感应器、蓄液罐、采暖装置(类似散热器)。 1)冷却液：冷却液又称防冻液，是由防冻添加剂及防止金属产生锈蚀的添加剂和水组成的液体。它需要具有防冻性，防蚀性，热传导性和不变质的性能。现在经常使用乙二醇为主要成分，加有防腐蚀添加及水的防冻液。 2)节温器：从介绍冷却循环时，可以看出节温器是决定走“冷车循环”，还是“正常循环”的。节温器在80后开启，95时开度最大。节温器不能关闭，会使循环从开始就进入“正常循环”，这样就造成发动机不能尽快达到或无法达到正常温度。节温器不能开启或开启不灵活，会使冷却液无法经过散热器循环，造成温度过高，或时高时正常。如果因节温器不能开启而引起过热时，散热器上下两水管的温度和压力会有所不同。 3)水泵：水泵的作用是对冷却液加压，保证其在冷却系中循环流动。水泵的故障通常为水封的损坏造成漏液，轴承毛病使转动不正常或出声。在出现发动机过热现象时，最先应该注意的是水泵皮带，检查皮带是否断裂或松动。 4)散热器：发动机工作时，冷却液在散热器芯内流动，空气在散热器芯外通过，热的冷却液由于向空气散热而变冷。散热器上还有一个重要的小零件，就是散热器盖，这小零件很容易被忽略。随着温度变化，冷却液会“热胀冷缩”，散热器器因冷却液的膨胀而内压增大，内压到一定时，散热器盖开启，冷却液流到蓄液罐；当温度降低，冷却液回流入散热器。如果蓄液罐中的冷却液不见减少，散热器液面却有降低，那么，散热器盖就没有工作！ 5)散热风扇：正常行驶中，高速气流已足以散热，风扇一般不会在这时候工作；但在慢速和原地运行时，风扇就可能转动来助散热器散热。风扇的起动由水温感应器控制。 6)水温感应器：水温感应器其实是一个温度开关，当发动机进水温度超出90以上，水温感应器将接通风扇电路。如果循环正常，而温度升高时，风扇不转，水温感应器和风扇本身就需要检查。 7)蓄液罐：蓄液罐的作用是补充冷却液和缓冲“热胀冷缩”的变化，所以不要加液过满。如果蓄液罐完全用空，就不能仅仅在罐中加液，需要开启散热器盖检查液面并添加冷却液，不然蓄液罐就失去功用。 8)采暖装置：采暖装置在车内，一般不太出问题。从循环介绍可以看出，此循环不受节温器控制，所以冷车时打开暖气，这个循环是会对发动机的升温有稍延后的影响，但影响实在不大，不用为了让发动机升温而使人冻着。也正因为这循环的特点，在发动机出现过热的紧急情况下，打开车窗，暖气开大最大，对发动机的降温会有一定的帮助。3冷却系统的设计冷却系统的作用是在所有工况下，保证发动机在最适宜的温度下工作，冷却系统匹配的是否合适将直接影响到发动机的使用寿命和燃油经济性，所以在冷却系统的设计及计算中，散热器的选型以及风扇的匹配对冷却系统起着至关重要的作用。 为便于组织气流，散热器布置在整车的前面，但由于受到整车布置空间的限制，在其前面还布置了空调冷凝器，这会增加风阻，影响散热器的进风量，从而影响冷却系统的冷却能力。风扇布置在散热器后面，靠风扇电机带动。 总结：以上就是关于发动机冷却系统的主要内容。如还需更多相关农机技术信息方可查阅其他文章。附录：外文原文 To accelerate a warming-up operation of an internal combustion engine and to quickly elevate a temperature of cooling water, a radiator side cooling water recirculation circuit E for recirculating the cooling water between an engine body 3 and a radiator 5, a heater side cooling water recirculation circuit F for recirculating the cooling water between the engine body 3 and a heater core 7, and a radiator bypass circuit G for recirculating the cooling water bypassing the radiator 5 are provided. A flow passage switching valve 15 is provided at a place where an engine body directed communication passage 14 and a radiator bypass passage 19 are merged into one flow, for allowing the cooling water to flow through the radiator side cooling water recirculation circuit E when the temperature of the cooling water exceeds a radiator water passage allowance temperature T 1 and for allowing the cooling water to flow through the radiator bypass circuit G when the temperature thereof is not higher than the radiator water passage allowance temperature T 1 . A flow rate control valve 23 is provided in a midway of a heater core directed communication passage 21, for reducing an amount of the cooling water flowing to the heater core 7 when the temperature of the cooling water is not higher than a heater water passage limit temperature T 2 . An electric heater 34 is provided within a water jacket 12.By using a small heat accumulator installed in a cooling water system, malfunction of exhaust emission during warming up is prevented. Such a cooling system includes a cooling water passage for returning cooling water flowing from a cooling water outlet of an automotive engine to a cooling water inlet through a radiator, a first bypass passage for returning the cooling water just after flowing from the cooling water outlet to the cooling water inlet through the radiator, a second bypass passage for returning the cooling water just after flowing out from the cooling water outlet of the engine to the cooling water inlet through the radiator by supplying the cooling water near a heat-sensing portion of a thermostat, a flowing amount adjusting valve for enlarging a cooling water flowing ratio to the first bypass passage with respect to the second bypass passage corresponding to a reduction of a load of the engine and the heat accumulator installed through the first bypass passage.Engine cooling system:The cooling of the engine is air-cooled and water-cooled. The cooling system of the air as the cooling medium becomes the air-cooled system, and the coolant is the cooling medium. The following are the same as the The following are the same as the 1, the circulation of the cooling systemThe cooling of the automobile engine is a forced circulating water-cooled system, which uses a pump to increase the pressure of the coolant and forces the coolant to circulate in the engine. The cooling system is mainly composed of water pump, radiator, cooling fan, compensating water tank, thermostat, engine body and cylinder cover in the water jacket and ancillary equipment. The following are the same as the The following are the same as the In the cooling system, in fact, there are two cooling cycles: one is to cool the main engine cycle, the other is the car heating cycle. These two cycles are engine-centered and use the same coolant. The following are the same as the The following are the same as the First, the main engine cooling the engine:The main cycle includes two working cycles, namely cold cycle and normal cycle. After the cold car, the engine is gradually warming, the temperature of the coolant can not open the system of the thermostat, this time the coolant is only through the pump in the engine cold cycle, the purpose is to make the engine as soon as possible Normal operating temperature. With the engine temperature, the coolant temperature rises to the opening temperature of the thermostat (usually at 80 C), the cooling cycle begins with a normal cycle. This time the coolant from the engine out, through the front of the car radiator, heat, and then into the engine by the pump. The following are the same as the The following are the same as the Second, the car heating cycle:This is a heating cycle, but for the engine, it is also an engine cooling cycle. Coolant through the cars heating device, the coolant heat into the car, and then back to the engine. The difference is that the heating cycle is not controlled by the thermostat, and as long as the heating is turned on, the cycle begins, regardless of whether the coolant is cold or hot. The following are the same as the The following are the same as the 2, cooling system components analysisIn the entire cooling system, the cooling medium is coolant, the main parts of the thermostat, water pump,Water pump belt, radiator, cooling fan, water temperature sensor, storage tank, heating device (similar to the radiator). The following are the same as the 1) Coolant:Coolant, also known as antifreeze, is made of antifreeze additives and metal to prevent corrosion of additives and water composition of the liquid. It needs to have antifreeze, corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity and non-degeneration of the performance. Now often use ethylene glycol as the main component, add anti-corrosion and water antifreeze. The following are the same as the 2) Thermostat:From the introduction of the cooling cycle, you can see the thermostat is decided to go cold cycle, or normal cycle. The thermostat opens at 80 C and opens at 95 C. The thermostat can not be closed, will make the cycle from the beginning into the normal cycle, which will cause the engine can not reach or can not reach the normal temperature as soon as possible. The thermostat can not be opened or opened is not flexible, will make the coolant can not pass through the radiator cycle, causing the temperature is too high, or when the normal high. If the thermostat can not open due to overheating, the radiator up and down the two pipes and the temperature and pressure will be different. The following are the same as the 3) Water pump:The role of the pump is to cool the coolant to ensure that it circulates in the cooling system. Pump failure is usually caused by water damage caused by leakage, bearing problems that make the rotation is not normal or sound. In the event of engine overheating, the first thing to note is the pump belt, check the belt is broken or loose. The following are the same as the 4) Radiator:When the engine is in operation, the coolant flows in the radiator core, the air passes through the radiator core, and the hot coolant cools as it radiates heat to the air. There is also an important small radiator parts, is the radiator cover, this small parts can easily be ignored. With the temperature changes, the coolant will be thermal expansion and contraction, the radiator due to the expansion of the coolant and internal pressure increases, the internal pressure to a certain time, the radiator cover open, coolant flow to the tank; Reduce the coolant back into the radiator. If the coolant in the tank can not be reduced, the radiator level is reduced, then the radiator cover is not working! The following are the same as the 5) Cooling fan:In normal operation, the high-speed airflow is sufficient to dissipate heat, the fan will not work at this time; but in the slow and in situ operation, the fan may turn to help radiator heat. The start of the fan is controlled by the water temperature sensor. The following are the same as the 6) Water temperature sensor:Water temperature sensor is actually a temperature switch, when the engine water temperature exceeds 90 above, the water temperature sensor will be connected to the fan circuit. If the cycle is normal and the temperature rises, the fan does not turn, the water temperature sensor and the fan itself need to be checked. The following are the same as the 7) Storage tank:The role of the tank is to supplement the coolant and buffer thermal expansion and contraction changes, so do not fill the liquid over. If the tank is completely empty, you can not just add liquid in the tank, you need to open the radiator cover to check the liquid level and add coolant, or storage tank will lose its function. The following are the same as the 8) Heating device:Heating device in the car, generally not a problem. As can be seen from the cycle, this cycle is not controlled by the thermostat, so when the cold car to open the heating, this cycle will have a slight delay in the engine temperature, but the impact is not big, not to make the engine temperature Make people frozen. It is also because of the characteristics of this cycle, in the engine overheating of the emergency situation, open the window, heating the largest open, the cooling of the engine will have some help. The following are the same as the The followi
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