高中英语45个介词的基本用法

1、 45 个基本介词的用法1、 about【原始含义】a-b-out“A 在 B 外面 ”【引申含义】prep（1）在到处，在各处here and thereeg: We wandered about the town for an hour or so.He looked about the room.（ 2）在附近 next to a placeeg. She lives about the office.（ 3）关于 in connection with eg: a book about English studyI don t know what you are talking abou

2、t.adv（1）大约 close toeg: We left there about 10 o clock.（2It costs about 500 dollars.）到处，各处eg: The children were rushing about in the garden.（3）在附近eg : There is no food about.【常见搭配】作介词时的搭配 :一 .动词 +(about+ 名词 )（1）arrange (about sth)安排关于某事（2） argue(about sth)讨论某事（3） ask (about sth)询问关于某事（4）boast (about

3、sb/sth)吹嘘 .（5） care (about sb/sth)关心,对感兴趣（6） chat(about sth)谈论某事（7） complain(about sb/sth)抱怨（8）dream (about sb/sth)梦见某人 / 某物（9）go (about sth)着手做 .；从事 .（10 ）hear (aboutsth)（11 ）know(aboutsth)（12 ）learn(aboutsth)（13 ）put (aboutsth)（14 ）quarrel(aboutsth)（15 ）see (aboutsth)（16 ）talk (aboutsth)（17 ）think

4、(aboutsth)（18 ）warnsb ( aboutsth)（19 ）wonder(aboutsb/sth)（20 ）worry(aboutsb/sth)听说 .了解 .得知某事散布（谣言等）为.争吵负责处理 .谈论 .考虑 .告诫某人关于某事对. 好奇对 .担心二、名词 +(about+名词 )（1）concern(aboutsb/sth)（2）curiosity(aboutsb/sth)（3）doubt(aboutsb/sth)（4）ethusiasm(aboutsth)（5）information(aboutsb/sth)（6）remark(aboutsth)（7）opinion(

5、aboutsth)（8）view (aboutsb/sth)对的关心 / 关怀对的好奇对的怀疑对的热情关于的信息对的评论对的意见对.的观点三、 be+adj+(about+名词 )（1）be angry(aboutsth)为而生气（2）be anxious(aboutsth)为忧虑（3）be careful(aboutsth)当心（4）be cautious(aboutsth)谨防 .；对 .持谨慎态度（5）be certain(aboutsth)确信关于某事（6）be curious(aboutsth)对感到好奇（7）be disappointed(aboutsth)对感到失望（8）be e

6、xcited(aboutsth)对感到兴奋（9）be glad/happy(aboutsth)对感到高兴（10 ）be hopeful(aboutsth)对抱有希望（11 ）be crazy/mad/wild(aboutsth)对痴狂；酷爱某事（12 ）be nervous(aboutsth)为感到不安 / 因.感到紧张（13 ）be optimistic/positive对.是积极乐观的（14 ）be particular(about（15 ）be sad(aboutsth)(about sb/sth)sth) 对.讲究，挑剔为而难过（16 ）be serious（17 ）be sorry(

7、aboutsth)(aboutsth)对认真对.抱歉作副词时的搭配 :名词 + 动词 +about（1） sth come about（2） sth get about（3） sb turn about（4）sb wanderabout（5）sb walk about2、 above某事发生某事（尤指消息等）传开某人转身某人徘徊，游荡某人走来走去【原始含义】a-b-over“A在B 上方 ”【引申含义】 prep.（ 1）在上方 at or to a higher place than sth/sbeg: The sun rose above the horizon.（2）数目大于 / 重量超

8、过 / 价格（能力、地位）高于more than sth.; greater in number, level or age than sb./sth.eg: There is nothing in the store above 50 cents.（3） 重要性或质量超过、胜过of greater importance or of higher quality than sb/sth eg. I rate her above most other players of her age.（ 4）声音超过 louder or clearer than another soundeg: I cou

9、ldnt hear her above the noise of the traffic.（5）不至于，不屑于做某事too good or too honest to do stheg. She is above suspicion.【常见搭配】一、动词 +(above+名词 )（1）live ( aboveone s income)（2）putA (aboveB)（3）rise (abovesth)（4）talk(aboveone s head)入不敷出地生活把 A 看得比 B 更重要克服 .,不受 .的影响高深莫测地谈论二、 be+(above+名词 )（ 1）be (above ones

10、elf )兴高采烈 = be in one s high spirit（2）be (above one s head)难以理解 / 超出某人理解能力3、 across【原始含义】a-grass “一片草坪”， across 指在平面上经过，就像人走过一片草坪那样。【引申含义】 prep.（ 1）穿过 from one side to the other side eg: She walked across the road.（ 2）在.对面 on the other side of sth. eg: The bar is just across the street.（ 3）交叉 crosse

11、g: He sat with his arms across his chest.（ 4）在.各处，遍及 . everywhereeg. The opinion is common across the university.【常见搭配】动词 +(across+名词 )（ 1）A come (across B) A 偶遇 B（2）A cut (acrossB)A 走 B 捷径； A 打断 B（3）A go (across B)A 穿过 B（ 4）A put (across B)A 解释清楚 B；A 把 B 送到对岸（5）A run (acrossB)A 横穿 B；A 偶然碰到 B4 、afte

12、r【原始含义】“A 在 B 之后（强调顺序）”【引申含义】prep（ 1）在之后 （时间顺序、空间顺序） later than sth; following sth in timeeg: After dinner, they went out for a walk.（ 1）在后面，仅次于（按重要性） next to the following eg. Your name comes after mine in the list.（ 2）与对照、对比 in contrast to stheg. It was cool after the heat outside.（ 3）照着的样子 follow

13、ing the example of sb/sth eg: Read the sentence after me, please.adv后来、以后later in time, afterwordseg:Soon after, she came back to her hometown.The prince and princess lived happily ever after.【常见搭配】作介词时的搭配一、名词 + 动词 +(after+名词 )（1）A chase (afterB)A 追赶 / 追求 B（2）A go (afterB)A 追逐 B.（3）A look(afterB)A 照

14、顾 B.（ 4）A model (after B) A 以 B 为榜样、原型； A 效仿 B（5）A name(afterB)A 用 B 作名字 .（6）A run (afterB)A 追求 / 追赶 / 追逐 B.（7）A search(afterB)A 研究 B.（8）A see (afterB)A 照顾 B（9）A seek (afterB)A 寻找 B.（10 ）A take(afterB)A 与 B 相像 .二、（ after+名词）（1）(after a while)（2）(after all)（3）(afterone s own heart5、 against)过了一会，不久毕竟

15、；终究正合 .的心意；【原始含义】a-g-a “相对 ”【引申含义】prep（ 1）碰着、靠着 touching, close to or hitting sb/sth eg: She was leaning against a tree.（ 2）反对 opposing or disagreeing with sb./stheg: We should fight against crimes.（ 3）预防 in order to prevent sth from happeningeg: Save money against a rainy day.未雨绸缪（ 4）违反（违反法律、制度）eg:

16、 It is against the law to hunt tigers.（ 5）不利于 not to the advantage or favor of sb./sth eg: What he said is against him.（ 6）映衬 with sth in the background as a contrastEg. The red flag stood out clearly against the blue sky.（ 7）和相比 in contrast to stheg. You must weigh the benefits against the cost.【常见

17、搭配】一、动词 +(against+名词 )（1） act (againststh)违反 .（2） argue(againststh)为.而争辩 / 据理反对（3） compete(againstsb)与某人比赛 / 竞争 / 对抗（ 4） decide (against sth/doing sth)考虑后不做某事 / 声明反对某事（5） declare (againstsb/sth)表态反对 .（6） fight (against sth)反对；与 .做斗争（7） go (against sth)违反（8） inform (againstsb)告发、检举某人（9） lean (against

18、 sth)靠着某物 / 斜靠某物（10 ）offend (againststh)违犯（11 ）press (against sth)压在上（12 ）protect (againststh)保护免受的伤害（13 ）prepare (againststh)防备（14 ）strike (against sth)罢工抗议 .（15 ）struggle (againstsb/sth)与.搏斗 / 反抗（16 ）turn (against sth)背叛（17 ）vote (against sth)投票反对（18 ）warn sb ( against sth)提醒某人提防某事二、 be+adj+(again

19、st+名词 )（1）be prejudiced (against sb/sth)对. 持有偏见（2）be proof (againststh)可防止的（3）be set (against sth)坚决反对 .6、 around【原始含义】a+round “A 在一个圆里面（在一定范围内） ” 【引申含义】prep（ 1）在周围,围绕 surrounding sb/stheg: There are many bars around the town.（ 2）在附近，到处 in or to many placeseg: I showed him around our campus.adv（ 1）大

20、约 approximatelyeg: There are around 1000 people watching the game.（2）在周围eg : How can you make the wheel go around?（3）在附近、到处eg: I ran around to find him.【常见搭配】作介词时一、动词 +(around+ 名词 )（1）center (around sth)以.为中心 ,集中于 .（2）look (around sth)环顾 .；游览 .；（3）wrap (around sth)缠绕住；环绕 .；二、around +名词（1）(aroundthe

21、corner).靠近、临近、快来了；（2）(aroundthe clock)日夜不停地；夜以继日地作副词时名词 + 动词 +around（ 1）sb gaze around某人向四周看，环视（ 2）sth get around某事（尤指消息、谣言等）走动、流传（ 3）sb/sth turn around某人或某物转身7、 at【原始含义】“在场所，时间上的一点”【引申含义】 prep.（1）小地点 ,或小时间点used to say where sb/sth is or when sth happens eg: Usually, he is (at his office) (in the mo

22、rning).She went to school (at 8 oclock) (in the morning).（ 2）在几岁时 the age (at which sb does sth) eg: She was married (at 23).（ 3）向，朝某人或某物 in the direction towards sb/sth eg: Don tpoint at me.knock at the door, shoot at the tiger, aim at the enemy（ 4）从相隔远的地方 the distance away from sth eg: Can you rea

23、d that poster (at fifty miles)?You d better keep him (at a distance).（ 5） 处于某种状态 the situation sb/sth is ineg: Mr. Smith is (at lunch).The country is (at war).Bill was (at his best)in college.(at one s best:某人的辉煌时期 )（ 6） 在某方面 in terms of eg: I am not good (at football).（ 7） 表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因 to show th

24、e cause of stheg: He showed no sign of pleasure (at seeing her).I was delighted (at the result)+.【常见搭配】一、动词 +(at+ 名词 )（1）aim (at sth)以为目标；瞄准；针对；（2）arrive(at sth)到达某地或某种程度（3）blush(at sth)对.感到脸红；（4）come (at sb/sth)攻击某人；发现某事（5）fire (at sth)向.开火（6）gaze(at sb/sth)凝视 , 注视 .（ 7）get (at sth )到达 , 接近 .；着手 .；

25、暗指 .；意知 .;（8）glance (atsb/sth)一瞥，扫视 .（9）glare (at sb/sth)对 .怒目而视（10 ）grab/grasp(at sb/sth) 抓住 .（11 ）knock(at sth)敲（12 ）laugh (atsb)嘲笑某人（13 ）look (at sb / sth)看（14 ）point (atsb/sth)指向 / 瞄准 /针对（15 ）run (at sb/sth)向某人冲去；达到某种水平（16 ）shoot (atsth)朝射击（17 ）shout (at sb)朝某人喊叫（18 ）smile (atsb)向某人微笑（19 ）target

26、(at sb/sth)瞄准，以为目标（20 ）wonder(at sth)对好奇/ 对感到吃惊（21 ）yell (at sb)对某人大喊大叫二、 (at+ 名词 )（1）(at the age) ( of some number)在几岁（2）(at an altitude ) ( ofsome number)在某个高度（3）(at the cost/expense)( of sth)以.为代价（4）(at the end) ( of sth)在.的结尾（5）(at the request) ( ofsb)应某人的请求（6）(at the risk) ( ofsth/doing sth)冒着

27、.的风险（7）(at the sight)( of sb/sth)一看见 .（8）(at a speed)( ofsome number )以.的速度（9）(at the thought)( ofsb/sth)一想到 .（10 ）(at birth)出生时（11 ）(at bottom)其实，实际上（12 ）(at ones command)听候的差遣（13 ）(at the corner)在拐角处（14 ）(at dawn/daybreak)在黎明 , 在拂晓（15 ）(at a discount)减价、折扣（16 ）(at first)最初，开始时（17 ）(at hand)在手边，即将发

28、生（18 ）(at home)在家 / 国内（19 ）(at large)自由，逍遥法外（20 ）(at length)详细地（21 ）(at last )最后，终于（22 ）(at least)至少，起码（23 ）(at leisure )有空，闲暇时（24 ）(at the moment)现在，眼下 .（25 ）(at any price)不惜任何代价，无论如何（26 ）(at one time)过去，曾经，一度（27 ）(at the same time)同时（28 ）(at work)在工作三、 be+adj+(at+名词 )（1）be angry(atsb/sth)对.生气（2）be

29、 competent(at sth)在.方面有能力（3）be delighted(atsth)对.感到非常高兴（4）be disappointed(at sb/sth)对.感到失望（5）be dissatisfied(at sb/sth)对.不满意（6）be expert(at sth/doing sth)专长，擅长于，精通（7）be skilled(atsth/doing sth)在.方面有技能，熟练（8）be gifted(atsth/doing sth)在.有天赋（9）be good (at sth/doing sth)擅长 .（10 ）be hopeless(at sth/doing

30、sth)对.感到绝望；对 .一筹莫展（11 ）be mad (at sb/sth)对.愤怒（12 ）be surprised(at sb/sth)对.感到吃惊（13 ）be terrfied(atsth/doing sth)被. 惊吓（14 ）be weak(at sth/doing sth)在.方面欠缺，差8、 before【原始含义】be+fore “在之前“（时间、空间、顺序） ” 【引申含义】 prep.（ 1）时间上 earlier in timeeg: Please come back (before 10:00pm).（ 2）空间上 earlier in positioneg:

31、Don t put the cart (before the horse).（ 3）顺序上 earlier in order or arrangement eg: Health should come (before wealth).（4） 当（某人）面in the presence of sbeg : She charged him of murder (before the jury).【常见搭配】：一、动词 +(before+名词 )（1）A come (beforeB)（2）complain(beforesb)（3）go (beforesb)（4）put / set A ( befor

32、eB)（5）stand(beforesb/sth)二、（ before +名词）（1）(before day)（2）(before long)（3）(before ones eyes)（4）(before time)（5）(before the wind)（6）(before the world)A 在 B 之上，比 B 更重要在某人面前控诉出现在某人面前把 A 看的比 B 重要站立在前面破晓之前不久以后当着某人的面提前顺风在众人面前9、 behind【原始含义】be + hide“在之后”【引申含义】prep（1）空间上，在后面 at the back of sb/sth eg: A dog

33、 is running (behind us).A dog is running (after us).（2）是产生的原因responsible for stating or developing stheg: There must be someone (behind it).What s (behind that happy smile)?（3）时间上，在之后sth is in the pasteg: New York is 12 hours (behind Beijing) (in time).(4）能力上，在之后 making less progress than sb./sth eg

34、: He s (behind the rest of others) (in reading).（ 5）支持，赞成 giving approval of stheg : My mother is always (behind me) (whatever decision I make).adv在后面，在远处eg: She rode (along the street) (with her dog) (running behind).作介词时：一、动词 +(behind+名词 )（1）fall / lag (behindsb/sth)（2）go (behindsth)They will go b

35、ehind the decision.二、（ behind +名词）落在后面进一步斟酌（1）(behind bars)在狱中（2）(behind sbs back)在背后（3）(behind the schedule/time)晚点、推迟（4）(behind the times)过时、落伍作副词时：（1）sb stay/ remainbehind某人（在他人走后）逗留，留下（2）sb wait behind某人（在别人走后）留下（ 3）leave sth/sb behind 忘带，留下某物；超越某人10 、 beside【原始含义】be+side “在边上”【引申含义】 prep.（1）在.旁

36、边 next to ; by the side of eg: a town (beside the sea)She sat (beside the teacher).（ 2）与.相比 compared witheg: My work is so poor (beside yours).【常见搭配】beside+ 名词（1）(besideoneself（2）(beside the point)高兴的不得了离题，不中肯；与无关11 、 besides【原始含义】beside+s “除外，还有” in addition to sb/sth prep eg: There were two other

37、students (in the classroom)(besides Tom).【常见搭配】besides+名词 / 动名词eg: We have a lot (in common)(besidesmusic) .(Besides working) (as a doctor) , he also writes a lot of stories.12 、 between【原始含义】be-two-in“在两者之间”【引申含义】prep.（1）空间、时间、顺序、等级上，在两者之间in the middle of two things in terms of space, time, order,

38、class etc.eg: (Between two strange buildings) stands a tree.His age is (between sixty and seventy).（2 ）表示两者之间的某种关系to show a connection or relationshipeg: He has to decide (between life and death).There is a great difference (between the two articles).You should learn between lines（字里行间） .（3）合用、共享sha

39、red by two or more people or thingseg: This is a secret (between you and me). （仅在我们俩之间） .We drank a bottle of wine (between us).【常见搭配】一、动词 +(between+名词 )（1）draw a clear dividing line( between明显区分（2）make a difference(betweensb/sth)区别对待（3）read (between lines)sth)读出字里行间的言外之意（ 4）stand (between sth/sb)阻碍

40、二、名词 +(between+名词 )（1）balance(betweenA and B)A 和 B 的均衡We should always consider the balance (between cost and benefit).（ 2）connection (between sth/sb)某人或某物之间的联系13 、beyond【原始含义】be+yond “（在彼处）“在之外”【引申含义】： prep.（1） 在较远的一边on the further side of stheg: The village is beyond the mountain.（2） 时间上晚于later th

41、an a particular timeeg: It wont go on (beyond midnight).（ 3） 超出某人的能力范围，非所及 far too advanced for sbeg: The bag is (beyond my reach).（4） 表示是不可能的to say that sth is impossibleeg: The bicycle is (beyond repair).【常见搭配】一、 (beyond+名词)（1）(beyondone s ability/strength/power)超越某人的能力（2）(beyondbelief )难以置信（3）(be

42、yond comparison)无法比喻（4）(beyond cure )无可救药（5）(beyond control )无法控制（6）(beyonddoubt/suspicion)不容置疑（7）(beyondone s wildest dreams) 做梦也想不到（8）(beyondone s endurance)无法忍受（9）(beyond expression)无法表达（10 ）(beyond imagination)超出想象（11 ）(beyondmeasure)无法估量（12 ）(beyondpraise )赞美不完，称赞不绝（13 ）(beyond price )极其珍贵，无价的（

43、14 ）(beyondone s reach )在某人够不着的地方（15 ）(beyondreason )不合理（16 ）(beyond recognition)难以认出（17 ）(beyondrepair )无法修复（18 ）(beyondthe seas )到海外（19 ）(beyond understanding)难以理解（20 ）(beyond words )无法形容She is very beautiful.She is elegant.Her beauty is beyond words.（21 ）(beyond sb)为某人所不能理解二、动词 +(beyond+名词)（1）go

44、(beyondsth)超出 ., 超过.（3）see (beyondsth)预料 .；预见 .14 、 by【原始含义】“在旁边”【引申含义】prep.（ 1）在旁边 at the side ofeg: We prefer a table (by the window).（2）不迟于，在之前 beforeeg: We have studied several prepositions (by now).I shall have finished the work (by the time you return).（3）表示方式 in which way sth is doneeg: I go

45、to school (by bus).（4）通过 ; 根据accordingto stheg: He can tell the direction (by the stars).Don t judge a person (by his looks).（5）按计算 the degree or amount of stheg: Eggs are usually sold（by dozen）.The temperature has risen（by 5 degrees）.（6）由于 as a result of eg: They met (by chance).I did it (by mistak

46、e).（7）被 usedeg: He was shocked (by what he had seen).（8） 表示触及或抓住人物的部分used to show the part of sb that another personcatcheseg: I seized her (by the hair).（ 9） 表示逐步推进 ; the rate sth happenseg: He is making progress (day by day).（ 10 ） 以的名义 in the name ofeg: I swear (by Almighty God) (that I will neve

47、r betray my country).adv.（1 ） 经过 pasteg: Time goes by quickly.He hurried by (without speaking to me).（2 ） 短暂拜访eg: Please drop by (when it is convenient) (for you).【常见搭配】作介词时 ：一、 by+ 名词（1） (byaccident/chance )偶然地（2） (by coincidence)巧合地（3） (byall means)想尽一切办法、一定要（4） (by means)( ofsb/sth)借助于（5） (by no means)绝