[语言类考试复习资料大全]剑桥商务英语高级模拟2

1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘学子：学业有成，金榜题名！语言类考试复习资料大全剑桥商务英语高级模拟2剑桥商务英语高级模拟2READINGPART ONELook at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about Swindling in International Trade.Which article (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement 18 refer to?For each statement 18, mark one letter (A, B

2、, C,D or E) on your Answer Sheet.You will need to use some of these letters more than once.A According to the statistics of the Organization of Trade and Development of the United Nations, there are several swindling acts each month and swindling causes a loss of up to billions of US dollars annuall

3、y. In 1959,the swindle of Coffee in Costa Rica paralyzed the countrys economy for a certain period of time. At the urgent request of the international business community, the Organization of Trade and Development of the United Nations held two special meetings in 1984 and 1985 in Geneva to deal with

4、 the problem, but no agreement were reached. B Generally speaking, there is little opportunity for the swindlers to take advantage in the trading of complete sets of equipment or transfer of technology, while commodity transactions are most vulnerable to swindling. As long as such commodities as ste

5、el, cement, fertilizer and chemicals are identical in specification, model, pattern, or chemical composition, as long as the price is favorable and delivery is prompt, the buyer seldom sends any mission abroad to inspect the goods. Swindlers often take advantage of these factors and resell the goods

6、 to make profits. C Swindlers can also, by taking advantage of natural calamities such as storm and submerged reefs, forge and reported sea accidents. Then, they remove and resell the goods for huge profits. Since the cargo is not received, the buyer claims against insurance company. Therefore, the

7、final victimized is the insurance company. Generally speaking, the carrier, captain and seaman collaborate with one another to commit this kind of economic crime. Afterwards, they sell the ship and the goods and abscond. If goods are carried on the ship, the insurance is one of the victims in this c

8、ase. D The criminals sometimes swindle money from the buyer by forging commercial documents. Upon presentation of the bill of lading, the buyer cannot get the goods after he has paid according to the contract. The seller can sometimes lose money in a contract that stipulates payment after the arriva

9、l of goods or by bank collection. In most cases, the criminals first win the sellers trust by doing some successful trade transactions with him. Then he manages to acquire a large deal by signing a contract that stipulates payment after the arrival of the goods or by bank collection. As soon as he r

10、eceives the goods, the buyer sells the goods and absconds with the money. E In order to prevent international swindling, we suggest the following measures. Firstly, we should promote education and maintain sharp vigilance in international trade transactions. Secondly, we should carefully investigate

11、 the credit status before the conclusion of a contract. Thirdly, we should draft every clause of the contract properly since the contract is the only legal document for the execution of transaction and the settlement of the dispute. Lastly, we should supervise the loading of the goods and keep a clo

12、se watch on the movements of the carrying vessel. 1. The seller can also lose money in receiving payment by bank collection.答案:D2. Ship charters, captains and seamen sometimes conspire to swindle the ship-owner by making up a lost ship.答案:C3. Inspection of the goods is rarely done by the buyer outsi

13、de of the country.答案:B4. Swindling is more likely to happen in commodity transactions than in transfer of technology.答案:B5. The buyer would find that the bill of lading, certificate of quantity and quality, packing list and invoice are all forged.答案:D6. Insurance company is always responsible for th

14、e loss in a sea swindling.答案:C7. We should keep alert in international trade transactions.答案:E8. There are no formal agreement about swindling in the world.答案:APART TWORead this text taken from an article about logistics and corporate profit performance.Choose the best sentence to fill each of the g

15、aps.For each gap 914, mark one letter (AH) on your Answer Sheet.Do not use any letter more than once. In an uncertain economic environment, top management will be interested in asset management and flow management. H . They can represent over 50 percent of manufactures total asset, and more than 80

16、percent of wholesalers and retailers total assets. When top management mandates a reduction in accounts receivable and/or inventories, its objective is to improve cash flow and reduce the companys investment in assets. 1 . But reduction in the terms of sale, or even enforcement of the stated terms o

17、f sale, in effect changes tile price component of the firms marketing mix. 2 . The arbitrary reduction of accounts receivable and/or inventories in the absence of technological change or changes in the logistics system can have a devastating impact on corporate profit performance. 3 . First, the cha

18、nge alters the manufacturers price and therefore the competitive position of its products, which may lead to decreased sales. Second, it further complicates the cash flow problems of the manufacturers customers. Forcing faster payment of invoices causes channel members to improve their cash flow by

19、reducing their inventories of the manufacturers products. 4 . This situation may also result in stock-out of the manufacturers products as the wholesale or retail level of the channel, further reducing sales volume. Similarly, a manufacturers policy of arbitrarily reducing inventory level to increas

20、e inventory sums, in the absence of a system change, may escalate transportation costs and/or production setup costs as the logistics system scrambles to achieve the specified customer service levels with lower inventories (assuming the company was efficiently and effectively distributing products p

21、rior to the policy change). 5 In this case, customer service levels would be eroded, and a decrease in market share might result. 6 . A However, if management concentrates on system changes that improve logistics efficiency and/or effectiveness, it may be able to satisfy all of the firms objectives.

22、 B Usually, management assumes that revenues and other costs will remain the same. C They do so by placing smaller, more frequent orders, which may increase total logistics cost for both the manufacturer and its customers. D In either set of circumstances, the increased cost of transportation and/or

23、 production or the lost sales contribution could far exceed the savings in inventory carrying cost. E If a manufacturer changes its terms of sale, for example, the effect on wholesalers and retailers will be twofold. F In addition, simply reducing the level of inventory can significantly increase th

24、e cost of logistics if current inventories have been set at a level that allows the firm to achieve least total cost logistics for a desired level of customer service.、 G Alternatively, pressure to reduce expenses may preclude the use of premium transportation or increased production setups to achie

25、ve the desired customer service levels with smaller inventory. H The two most common strategies used to improve cash flow and return on assets are= (1)reducing accounts receivable and(2)reducing the investment in inventory, as inventories and accounts receivable are a major portion of corporate asse

26、ts. 1.答案:B2.答案:F3.答案:E4.答案:C5.答案:G6.答案:DPART THREERead the following extract from an article about the advantages of making the first offer/demand in negotiation.For each question 1520, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose. Making the first offer/demand can

27、give a psychological advantage. During a negotiation, issues, positions, and even interests shift and realign in accordance with a managed disclosure of information. Understanding the power of perception is paramount. If one person acquires the power to manipulate the perception of others, that pers

28、on enjoys a subtle but powerful advantage. Making the first significant move can be a powerful statement and can affect others perceptions of the one making the offer and of the situation in general. In military terms, the opening gambit is taking the initiative. Once one party takes the initiative,

29、 the other side frequently finds it difficult to regain its own momentum. Making a competent first offer/demand can take control of the entire negotiation. A competent opening gambit goes hand in hand with the idea of creating a psychological advantage. The concept is analogous to the theory of prim

30、acy in a courtroom trial. That is, once a participant gets the initiative and competently runs with it, the other side usually remains in a reactive mode. There are techniques that good strategists can sometimes use to regain the initiative, but such procedures tend to be dicey. Unless recovery stra

31、tegies are executed deftly by an experienced negotiator, the party trying to regain the initiative runs the risk of turning a negotiation into a confrontational/adversarial event. Such an outcome gives rise to a host of difficulties. Making a well-thought-out first offer/demand shows confidence in y

32、our position. It has been said that the law is what is forcefully stated and plausibly maintained. Likewise, in negotiation, if one party makes a strong plausible opening, that opening can often convince the other party that this offer merits careful consideration that it is credible. If presented i

33、n the right way, a well-thought-out first offer can send a message that the party making the offer is strong and confident. Such an offer can cause the other party to rethink his or her position. It is important to note, however, that this confidence factor edge is limited to a good faith offer made

34、 with the intent of actually making a deal. If the offer or demand is merely a fishing expedition, that is tantamount to positioning by making a very low or very high opening. Then the tone and words used to couch the offer should be chosen so that they effectively transmit the intent behind the off

35、er. Giving unsupportable figures wrapped in a mantle of credibility is very confusing and could sabotage the whole negotiation process. Making an effective first offer/demand shows preparation. A well prepared, strong, confident opening offer/demand sends a message that This person did his/her homew

36、ork. Unfortunately, too many times the parties do not adequately prepare for a negotiation. When one party prepares well and the other does not, the result can be intimidating to the less prepared person. Without even intending to, the better prepared party takes the initiative and does not lose it.

37、 The prepared negotiator is usually the one who claims the larger surplus in a given negotiation. However, in some circumstances a better prepared person might choose to wait and let the other party make the first offer. Such a strategy still can be consistent with the overall theme presented here,

38、namely, that the first movethe opening gambitshould be a thoughtful, considered move. It should not be a default. 1. What might be the first significant move in negotiating process?A.Creating a psychological advantage.B.A powerful statement that manipulates the perception of others.C.Taking the init

39、iative.D.Gaining the momentum.答案:B2. What is created by both a competent first offer/demand and primacy in a courtroom trial?A.The perception of others.B.A reactive mode.C.A confrontational event.D.A psychological advantage.答案:D3. What is not true about regaining the initiative according to the pass

40、age?A.Good strategists can surely use some techniques to regain the initiative.B.Trying to regain the initiative runs the risk of giving rise to a host of difficulties.C.Though recovery strategies are executed deftly by an experienced negotiator, the procedures tend to be risky.D.Though recovery str

41、ategies are executed deftly by an experienced negotiator, the negotiation may turn into an adversarial event.答案:A4. If one party makes a strong plausible opening in the right way, that opening can oftenA.cause the other party to rethink his or her position.B.lead to an adversarial event.C.sabotage t

42、he whole negotiation process.D.cause the other party to lose confidence.答案:A5. What kind of an offer could let the whole negotiation process go smoothly?A.A very low or very high opening.B.Unsupportable figures wrapped in a mantle of credibility.C.A good faith offer.D.A strong plausible opening.答案:C

43、6. Which of the following situations is a thoughtful, considered first move?A.A better prepared person waited and let the other party make the first offer in some cases.B.A well prepared party gave unsupportable figures wrapped in a mantle of credibility trying to claim the larger surplus.C.A well p

44、repared party was using the negotiable tone and words to couch the offer.D.A well prepared party was using recovery strategies with the help of an experienced negotiator.答案:APART FOURRead the article below about Talent Management.Choose the correct word or phrase to fill each gap from A, B, C, or D.

45、For each question 2130, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet. Targeted Talent Management Most large organizations talk about Talent Management as part of their wider 1 It is a crucial way of securing, developing and motivating people with the right skills and approaches to meet busin

46、ess 2 But how many of our strategic goals are fully 3 by our talented people? All too often, we find that we dont have the right people in place to fill a 4 when it appears, or we simply cant keep 5 of the individuals we want. Even worse, talented people may simply not be operating at the 6 we requi

47、re. So what can we do to 7 these missed opportunities? I believe that the biggest single challenge is achieving genuine connectedness between Talent Strategy and Business Strategy. A wide range of people processes often take place without a clear relationship with the 8 aims and culture of the busin

48、ess. Think about 9 , performance management and development-to what extent are these processes based on a clear analysis of the talents and skills that people will need to operate at the next level? To what extent do you build peoples capability and 10 . to meet the needs of the business in a few ye

49、ars time? It is vitally important to build a clear definition of what each organisation really means by talent throughout the organisation. The acid test is simple-do people with these qualities deliver the kinds of business success we are aiming for? 1.A.strategyB.opportunitiesC.approachesD.process

50、es答案:A2.A.targetB.aimC.objectivesD.destination答案:C3.A.fulfilledB.metC.accomplishedD.performed答案:B4.A.blankB.breakC.spaceD.gap答案:D5.A.clutchB.gripC.graspD.hold答案:D6.A.layersB.levelsC.classD.rank答案:B7.A.snatchB.gripC.seizeD.clutch答案:C8.A.ultimateB.conclusiveC.eventualD.last答案:A9.A.enrollmentB.enlistme

51、ntC.recruitmentD.promotion答案:C10.A.intentionB.stimulationC.motiveD.motivation答案:DPART FIVERead the article below about international marketing plan in Canada.For each question 3140, write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.Successful Exporting From Canada Starts with a Marketing Plan B

52、usinesses all OVER Canada have the potential to successfully export their products or services. Every entrepreneur, regardless 1 business size or offering, can potentially increase sales, compete in diverse markets and reach a global audience 2 his or her particular skills and expertise. One of the

53、key components 3 export success is an international marketing plan. The best place to start the international marketing plan is with the business. Take a fresh look at 4 the business is about: what products or services does it offer? Why is it unique and what value does it offer customers? What are

54、5 current strengths and weaknesses (financial, human, technological, cultural and operational resources, for example) and 6 will these affect its ability to compete in a foreign market? Once this self-analysis is completed, the reasons for exporting need to be addressed. Such simple questions 7 why

55、do we want to export? are not necessarily simple to answer but the responses are important. A business must have a clear objective of 8 it wishes to undertake the challenge of exporting. It also helps a business establish the degree 9 which exporting influences the business direction and strategy. I

56、n some cases, exporting may play an important yet secondary role based on the objectives of the business. In 10 instances, a business may find that its future is built upon exporting and this element of the business will become the primary focus. These decisions are simplified by conducting thorough market research. 1.答案:OF2.答案:WITH3.答案:FOR4.答案:WHAT5.答案:ITS6.答案:HOW7.答案:AS8.答案:WHY9.答案:TO10.答案:OTHERPART SIXRead the text below about communicating in groups.In most of the lines 4152 there is one extra word. It is either grammatically in