一般将来时时态用法讲解

1、.一般将来时时态1. 一般将来时的定义一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow,soon或短语 next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime做状语。如：What will you do this afternoon？ 你今天下午干什么？We will have a meeting tomorrow.我们明天要开会。He is going to study abroad（到国外）next year.明年他要出国学习。2.一般将来时的结构及应用(1) shall / wil

2、l + 动词原形。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下要发生的事情，只能用此结构。如：What shall we do if he doesn t come?如果他不来，我们该怎么办？Will you be free this evening?今天晚上有空吗？I think he will tell us the truth（真相）。 我想他会告诉我们真实情况的。(2) be going to + 动词原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的事情，也可表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。如：We are going to have a meeting to discuss（讨论

3、） the matter this evening.今天晚上开会讨论这件事情。Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon.看一看那边的乌云，我想天要下雨了。There is going to be an English evening this week.本周要举行一个英语晚会。(3) be + 现在分词。 表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, joi

4、n, borrow, buy等。如：Go ahead, and I m coming. 走前面一点吧，我就来。The dog is dying.那条狗要死了。Hurry up. The shop is closing.快点，商店就要关门了。(4) 一般现在时。表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。比方说，上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等。如：精选.Don t hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight.不要匆忙，回忆八点过一刻开始。The bus goes back at four thirty.汽车四点返回。巩固练习：一、用所给动词的适当形式填空1

5、. Li Lei tells me he _(visit)the Great Wall（长城） this weekend.2. My mother _(buy)me a pair of new trousers tomorrow.3. She says she _(leave)soon.4. We _(go) skating if it doesn t rain next Sunday.5. There _(be)an English evening next week.6. Think over, and you _(get)a good idea.7. _Jim _(have)a picn

6、ic next Monday? -No, he _.8. I _(miss)you after you leave here.9. Who _(teach)you English next year10. He _ (be) back in three hours.11. Look at these clouds. It _ (rain).二、改错：每处划线中有错误，在题后改正1. He will sing and dances for us tomorrow.2. Are you going to swim? -Yes, I will.3. He will help Jim with his

7、 English every day.4. Will her sister sings a song for me tomorrow?5. Theywillntplant trees next week.6. Are they going to plays basketball tomorrow?7. Will we go to visit the factory tomorrow?8. Paul will be going to make dumplings for Emma.9. Are the boys going to the Great Wall next month? -Yes,

8、they will.三、句型转换：精选.Jim is going to play football tomorrow.Mary will clean thewindows next week.否定句： _一般疑问句：_两回答： _特殊疑问句：_四、选择题()1. Are you going to _ our English team? Yes, I am.A. take part inB. joinC. took part inD. joined()2. Xu Xia and her teammates are _ the USA next week.A. leaving forB. leav

9、e forC. leaveD. left()3. There _ an English party in our class next week.A. is going to haveB. is going to beC. will haveD. Have() 4. If it _ tomorrow, we will go to the park.A. isn t rainB. don t rainC. doesn t rainD.won train()5. There _ a football match next week. Shall we go and watch it?A. will

10、 haveB. hasC. haveD. will be“ Would you mind doing”句型透视mind用作动词时， 习惯后接动名词 （短语） 作宾语，而不接动词不定式，常用于 Wouldyou mind doing？句型中，具体用法是：1. “ Would you mind doing ？”句型常用于表示请求，意思是“请你做你是否介意？、请你做好吗？”，是一种比较客气的表达方式。如：Would you mind turning off the light in the room？请你把房间里的灯关掉好吗？如果要表示“请你不要做你是否介意？、请你不要做好吗？”，只需要在精选.do

11、ing前面加上not. 如：Would you mind not standing in front of me？请你不要站在我的前面好吗？2. 如果同意，表示不介意时，可用如下用语来表达：Certainly/Of course not./Not at all./No， not at all； 如果不同意，表示介意时，常用“Sorry/I m sorry.”（对不起）及陈述某种理由来表示拒绝或反对。如： Would you mind going to the movies this evening？今晚去看电影好吗？ I m sorry. But I haven t finished my h

12、omework yet.对不起，我的作业还没有完成。学习时还要注意：1. “ Would you mind doing ？”句型中的would 也可用 do 代替，但语气较生硬，不如用 would 客气。2. “ Wouldyouminddoing？”句型中的逻辑主语只能是谈话的对方you. 如果想要对方允许自己做某事，可用“Would you mind my doing？”句型，如：Would you mind my smoking here？你介意我在这里吸烟吗？巩固练习：一、用下面提供的短语完成句子。1. help me wash my clothesWould you mind _？2

13、. give her a cup of teaWould you mind _？3. help him mend his carDo you have _？4. walk on the roadWould you mind _ on the road？二、选择题()1. Would you mind _ us in the game? Not at all.A. joiningB. joinC. join inD. joining in精选.()2. Would you like to climb mountains with me this Sunday? I d love to. But

14、I _ play table tennis against Class Three.A. am goingB. am going toC. amD. going to()3. Would you mind _here? I m sorry about that. I ll go somewhere else.A. no smokingB. not smokingC. no smokeD. not smokehad better用法详解1. had better的基本用法特点其意为“最好”、“应该”，后接动词原形，与情态动词should用法相似，其中的had 通常缩略为d ：You d bett

15、er get some sleep你最好去睡一会儿。We had bettergo before it rains.我们最好在下雨前就去。2. had better如何构成否定式和疑问式构成否定式时，通常将not 置于 had better之后 (而不是 had 之后 )；而构成疑问式时，则通常将had( 而不是 had better)置于主语之前：I d better notdisturb him我最好别去打扰他。What had we better do?我们最好怎么办?练习题()1. I m afraid you have a cold. You d better go to see a

16、 doctor. _A. No, I have no time.B. That s a good idea.C. It s very kind of you.D. I m sorry to hear that.()2. I m fat. What should I do? You d better eat _ meat and _ fruits.A. less; moreB. less; lessC. more; lessD. more; more()3. You had better ask your brother _ playing computer games.It s bad for

17、 him.精选.A. to give upB. not to give upC. to give it upD. not give it up()4. I have a stomachache. What should I do? You _ drink sweet water and _ eat sweet food.A. had better not; shouldntB. should; had betterC. had better; had betterD. shouldn t; should()5. I have a toothache. You should _.A. drink

18、 lots of waterB. take a restC. see a dentistD. have a good sleep情态动词的基本用法归纳情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would),need (needed), ought to等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。一、can, could1. 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）Mary can speak three language

19、s.（知识）Can you skate?（技能）2. 表示请求和允许。-Can I go now?-Yes, you can. / No, you can t.此时可与may 互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。- Could I come to see you tomorrow?-Yes, you can. ( No, I m afraid not. )3. 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。They ve changed the timetable, so we cango by bus instead.This hal

20、l can hold 500 people at least.4. 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。精选.Can this be true?This can t be done by him.How can this be true?二、may, might1. 表示请求和允许。 might 比 may 语气更委婉，而不是过去式。 否定回答时可用 can t 或 mustn t ，表示“不可以，禁止”。-Might/ May I smoke in this room?-No, you mustn t.- May/Might I take this book

21、out of the room?-Yes, you can. (No, you can t / mustn t. )用 May I.？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I.？在口语中更常见。2. 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!3. 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may 小。1 He may /might be very busy now.2 Your mother may /might not know the truth.三、must, have to1. 表示必须、必要。You must come in time.

22、在回答引出的问句时， 如果是否定的， 不能用 mustn t（禁止，不准），而用 needn t,don t have to（不必）.- Must we hand in our exercise books today?- Yes, you must.-No, you don t have to / you needn t.2. must是说话人的主观看法，而 have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时，have to有更多的时态形式。1 ） he play isn t interesting, I really must go now.2 ） I had to work when

23、I was your age.精选.3. 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）1 ） You re Tom s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.2 ） Your mother must be waiting for you now.四、 need1.need作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to,ought to, should代替。1 ） You needn t come so early.2 ） - Need I finish the work today?-Yes, you m

24、ust. / No, you needn t.2. need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。而need 后面只能接带to 的不定式。He needs to finish his homework today.五、shall, should1.shall用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?2.shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。1 ） .You shall fail if you don t work hard.()警告2 ） He shall have the book when I finish

25、it.(允诺 )3 ） He shall be punished.(威胁 )六、will, would1. 表示请求、建议等， would 更委婉。Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。1 ） . I will never do that again.2. ） They asked him if he would go abroad.3. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。1 ） . During the vacation, he wo

26、uld visit me every other day.2 ） . The wound would not heal.精选.七、should1.should表示“应该”1 ） . I should help her because she is in trouble.2. 表示推测should , (客观推测 ), must(主观推测 )。1 ） .He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)2 ） He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定 )3 ） This is where the oil must be.(直爽 )4 ） Thi

27、s is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄 )练习题()1. May I ask you some questions, Dr. Wang?_A. You re welcome.B. Sure, go ahead.C. No, I m busy.D. Yes,youmust.()2. Must I take part in the activity? No, you _. You re too young. You should look afteryourself.A. mustntB. dontC. cantD.don thaveto()3. May

28、 I watch TV, Mom? I m afraid you _.A. should notB. cantC. must notD. may not()4. Must we keep the window _ all the time? No, you don t have to.A. openingB. openedC. to openD. open()5. Must I take the medicine every day? No, you _.A. mustB. mustntC. needntD. cant()6. My mother is ill. I _ stay at hom

29、e to take care of her.A. canB. mayC. have toD. maybe精选.()7. May I use your dictionary, Lily? Sure, _.A. go aheadB. you can ask BillC. you cantD.that s allright反身代词用法归纳一、反身代词的基本形式反身代词是oneself根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有myself, himself,herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves等形式。二、 onese

30、lf与 himself当 one 指人时，其相应的反身代词通常用oneself,在美国英语中也可用himself：One should not praise oneself himself.一个人不应该自吹自擂。三、反身代词的句法功能：1. 用作同位语 (加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末：The box itself is not so heavy.箱子本身并不重。Martin himself attended the sick man.马丁亲自照顾病人。2. 用作宾语 (动词或介词的宾语 )：Take good care of yourself.照顾好自己。She could

31、 not make herself understood.她不能使别人听懂她的话。The child cried himself to sleep.孩子哭着哭着睡着了。3.用作表语The poor boy was myself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。The ones who really want it are ourselves.真正想要它的是我们自己。代词列表人称代词人称代词形容词性名词性反身代词主格宾格物主代词物主代词Imemyminemyself精选.weusouroursourselvesyouyouyouryoursyourselfyourselvessheherherhers

32、herselfhehimhishishimselfitititsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves主格做主语宾格做宾语放在名词前替代形代 +名词by 后接放在动词介词不可单独用不可与名词连反身代词后用()1. He plays basketball so well! Who taught _? He learnt it by _.A. him; himB. himself; himselfC. him; himselfD. himself; him要求四会的单词名词体育运动teammatchfootballtennisbaseballskatingro

33、wingcyclingbasketballsoccer人物或称谓类personplayermusicianscientistpilotpolicemanpolicewomanpostmanfishermanherograndfathergrandmothergrandparents物品类basketcuppapergoldrecordbrushring处所类grasstheatre/theatermuseumfactory精选.身体健康类bodyhealthtoothacheheadachefevercoughstomachacheillnessmedicineheart食品饮料类coffee

34、teacandyfruitsugartomato+espotato+essaltwatermelonsandwichstrawberrybeefbiscuitmeal时间类agecenturyweekend文化信息类informationwebsiteInternetdictionaryknowledgemessagepassageculture其他showerfactcareadvice(a piece of advice)newspityarticlesmokeriskquestionhabitworldwarintroductionnotesmilepeacesouthmiddletax

35、ianswerlittervoicescorelinephoneexampleskillpointchancesuggestionmindsidedreamfuturefriendshipjumppart形容词或副词weak strongleast mostpopular unpopularhealthy =fit illfat thindirty cleanusefuluselessdark brighthungryfulldead alivecheap expensive=deartruefalse精选.correct wrongpossible impossiblequiteexcite

36、d /excitingtired/tiringcertainlybadlyreallyfinallyevenfamousmadangrymainsuccessfulenoughterribleseriousstillfunnyactivemodernnecessary动词：wincheerrowjoinskatecycledreamgrowspendjumprelaxleavekickpassthrowfightenjoy/practice/ finish/ mind+doing sth.advisekillinventbecomefollowholdscorepointhithearring

37、standfeelbreakrecordsuggestliftboilbrushliecrycarecheckworrycausesmoketasteforceriskbuildhappen介词againstthroughwithoutoffexcept词组荟萃名词词组tabletennisthedayaftertomorrowdayandnightice creampotato chipsfirst aidrelay race动词词组cheer.ongrow upbe good forbegoodat=dowellin do badlyintakepartinkeep fitleave fo

38、rfall illgive sb. a handshout at sb.doone s best=tryone s bestbeangrywith精选.talk aboutcome into beingstand forhave a coldliedownworry aboutgo aheadbuild sb. uptakecare of介词词组及其他forexampleatleastin factas.aspossiblein the futureontheotherhandinsteadofalloverat first课本中出现的词组或搭配归纳be abletobe surebeinte

39、rested inseesb.do/doing sthjointheschool rowingteamjoinsbspend .doing sththehighjumpthelongjumpturn .into.make sb./sth. +adj.all over the worldhelp sb. dosthplay againsthave funthemostpopularsportsstopsbfromdoingsth.suchas/for examplehundreds of yearsthe bo ys 800 -meter racelots of= a lot ofmakefri

40、endswithsb.winthefirstplacenexttimelook/ get well/bettertake one s advicetakemedicinetake/haveabathhave/takearestfeel like doing sth.go upgo outfall downnothing seriousstay up精选.havea good restdo morning/eyeexercisestell/asksb to do sth.give upshowsb.sth.=showsth.to sb.toomuch重句大本营1. What are you go

41、ing to do? I m going to play basketball.2. Would you like to come and cheer us on?Sure ， I d love to.3. Which sport do you prefer, swimming or rowing? I prefer rowing.4. Are you going to join the school rowing team? Yes, I am./ No, I m not.5. What s your favorite sport, _ ? Basketball, of course.6.

42、Who s your favorite player? LeBron James.7. What are you going to be when you grow up? I m going to be a scientist.8. Why do you like playing soccer?Because it makes him strongand it s popular all over the world.9. _, could you help me(=give me a hand), please?Sure.10. Will you join us? I d be glad

43、to.11. Would you mind teaching me?Not at all. You can do it!12. Would you mind not putting your bike here?精选. Sorry. I ll put itsomewhere else.13. _, I am sorry for what I said.(宾语从句） It s nothing.14. Will you take part in the school sports meet?Of course I will.15. Which sport will you take part in

44、? The boys 800-meter race.16. Hello, is _ in ?Speaking.17. What shall we take? We ll take our sports clothes and sports shoes.18. Shall I take my camera? Good idea! It ll be fun19. When shall we meet? Let smake it half past six.20. Where shall we meet?At my house.21. Hello, _! You don t look well. What s wrong with you？=What s the matter with you?=What is the matter