定语从句汇总讲解学案剖析

1、高中定语从句汇总讲解英语谚语欣赏1. He who knows nothing but prete nds to know everyth ing is in deed a good-for-noth ing.不懂装懂，一事无成2. It s the first step that cc千里之行，始于足下3. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.定语从句相关考点1、关系代词和关系副词的选取；2、定语从句与主谓一致；3、关系代词的省略问题；4、介词+which/whom中介词的正确选用；5、th

2、at 与 which; who 与 whom; who 与 that； as与 which 之间的选取；6、定语从句与强调句型；7、双重定语从句；8、way后面的定语从句9、 定语从句( the same ()that/assuch ()assoas)结果状语从句( such()thatsothat)Step 1 Leading-in (导入)用下划线标出下文中定语或定语从句。He is a clever stude nt. He is a stude nt who is good at En glish. He lives in a small village. His gra ndfath

3、er lived there before. I know a girl who lives in the village too. Her name is Wang Fang. Wang Fang farmer. He is a hard-work ing farmer.Step 2语法讲解一、定语从句的定义及相关术语1. 定语从句，又称 性从句，用来修饰某一 词或词，一般紧跟在被修饰词的后面。2. 定语从句的要素： 和 :被定语从句修饰的词为 先行词，先行词常为 或；引导定语从句的词为 关系词，分为和；关系词通常有三个功能：引导句子；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系代词：,在定语

4、从句中充当 在定语从句中主语宾语定语先行词指人who / that(whom) / (who) / (that)whose先行词指物which / that(which) / (that)whose准关系代词：as, but, tha n。(下文详细说明)关系副词： , , ，在定语从句中充当 先仃词表示时间状语地点状语原因状语时间when/地点/where/原因(the reason)/why3. 分类：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句1）限制性定语从句，是对先行词加以限制或分类，为句中不可缺少的部分，主句和从句之间不能用逗号分开。在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时常被省去。在美国英语中，

5、that比which更常用。2）非限制性定语从句，是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不影响句子的完整，需用逗号分开。关系代词as,which , who，whom, whose引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、 宾语、定语等；关系副词when，where也能引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作状语。3）非限制性定语从句 中的关系代词 which，可指代整个主句或主句中的一部分，但不能用that取代，关系代词which作宾语或表语时不能省略。Exercise 1用（）戈U出定语从句、用 划出先行词，并翻译成中文。1. The book which you were look ing for was s

6、old out.中文：2. The people who work in the educati onal in stituti on are very frie ndly.中文：3. The sun, which had bee n hidde n all day, came out now.中文：4. Chopi n, whose works are world-famous, composed some of his music in this room.中文：5. She said that the man was an architect, which turned out to b

7、e true.中文：6. Everywhere you can see people in fashi on able clothes, which shows they must have well-paid jobs.中文：二、定语从句解题三步法：第一：找出先行词和定语从句；第二：看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、定语或状语）；第三：选择合适的关系词。三、怎样运用关系代词和关系副词I、如果先行词是表示人的词，作主语时多用 who,作宾语时多用 whom、who或that （此时可以省略关系 代词）；如果先行词是表示物的词，无论作主语、宾语都可用which或that,作宾语时可以

8、省略。但在非限制性定语从句或介词之后，不能用that，只能用which.在定语从句中主语宾语定语先行词指人who / that(whom) / (who) / (that)whose先行词指物which / that(which) / (that)whoseExercise 2：用关系代词填空(答案多样)1) Yesterday I met Mr. Litold me the whole matter.2) I can t find the bo is borrowed from the library.3) Players keep warm exercises before the mat

9、ch play much better than thosedont.4) This is the classroom inwe study.5) Do you know the manis selling fruits near our school?6) I want to chat with the manname is George.7) A letteris written in pencil is difficult to read.8) Do you know the gentlemanMary spoke to just now?9) The bookI bought yest

10、erday is very interesting.10) The factory inhis father works is far from here.II .关系代词whose作既指人又指物，在从句中作定语，译成人的 ，物的注意：whose =先行词的所有格在定语从句中主语宾语定语先行词指人who I that(whom) I (who) I (that)whose先行词指物which I that(which) I (that)whosewhose + N.= the +N. + of which I whom= of which I whom + the +N.Exercise 3：

11、1. The girl,father is a lawyer, is good at spoke n En glish.2. The girl,father ofis a lawyer, is good at spoke n En glish.3. The girl, of whomis a lawyer, is good at spoke n En glish.4. We lived in the hotel room, oor faced south.5. We lived in the hotel room, ced south.6. We lived in the hotel room

12、, ced south.7. This is the deskare broke n.A. legs of which B. whose legs C. that D. which8. He lives in the room, the wi ndowsfaces to the south.A. of whose B. of thatC. of whichD. whoseIII .如果表示先行词的一部分如何时，指物就用of which，指人就用of whom，即some，any, several, each,two （数词）,all, both 等加 of which 或 of whom.Ex

13、ercise 4：1. The committee consists of 20 members, 5 are women.2. The book contains 50 poems, mostwere written in 1930 .3. They had a senten ce, the meaningwas completely bey ond them.4. He has three sons, alldied in the war.A. of themB. of which C. of whom D. which注意：定语从句与并列句的区别定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像

14、and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。 Mr. Li has three daughters， none ofis an engineer.（） Mr. Li has three daughters , but none ofis a dancer.（）IV.如果先行词是 such, so, the same或被such, so, the same所修饰时，关系词用as。诸如I像 的人或事” such +名词+ as +定语从句” I 名词+ such + as +定语从句” 和 一样的人或事” f the same +名词+ as +定语从

15、句”（指两物相似）the same +名词 + that +定语从句”（描述同一物品）和 一样 的人或事” as +形容词+名词+ as +定语从句”Exercise 5:1. We will only discuss such problemshave someth ing to do with our own in terests.中文：2. Dont do such thingsyou are not sure about.中文：3. This is the same villageyou visited whe n you were very young.中文：4. He was te

16、lli ng the kids as funny a storyhe did last time.中文：5. This is the same bagI lost yesterday. Thank you.中文：注意：as在定语从句中作宾语时不可省略。V、先行词是表示 地点（如：place, school, factory） 时间（如：time, day, week, tear, month ）、原因（reason） 的名词或含有地点、时间、原因意义的抽象名词，若在从句中作状语，用where （表示地点）、when（表示时间）、why （表示原因），相当于相应的 介词+which;若在从句中

17、作主语、宾语、表语，要用 that 或 which。Exercise 6:用关系代词或关系副词填空1. This is the roomhe lives.2. I can see the playgro undthey do sports3. I still remember the yearI joi ned the Party.4. I still remember the dayI joi ned the Party.5. I still remember the hourthe rocket was laun ched6. This is the reas onhe was kille

18、d7. This is the townI spent my childhood.8. The libraryyou visited yesterday was built in 1990.9. I ll never forget the daywe first met in the park.10. I ll never forget the timespent with you.11. This is the reasonI didn t come here.12. The reasonshe gave was not true.注意： 关系畐词可以改写成介词+which/whor”i的形

19、式；但是，介词+which/whor”i的形式不一定能改写成关系副词。思考？在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词？Exercise 7:尝试用介词+关系代词”填写下列句子1. Is this the houseShakespeare was born?2. In the dark street, there wasn t a single persoishe could turn for help.3. Her bag,she put all her money, has been stolen.4. This is the ringshe spent 1000 dollars.5. Xiao

20、Wang,I went to the concert, enjoyed himself very much.方法1.看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配1. The girl for whom he had fought all his life no Ion ger seemed importa nt to him.2. He is the man on. whom I think you can depe nd .3. He referred to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.方法2.看从句中的动词或动词词组

21、与先行词的搭配1. He made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was going on outside the house.2. The libraria n with whom I just shook hands works heart and soul.方法3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配1. The rate _at_ which wild ani mals are being destroyed has in creased.2. This is our classroom, in the fro

22、nt of (在前面) which there is a teacher s desk.小结：介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词只能用或;介词的选择要视先行词、句意及与动词的搭配而定。VI. which，as也可引导一个非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句所表达的内容（即把整个主句看成是先行词）。Which译成这（一点） ”;as译成正如 ”。which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；as位置较灵活，也就是说 as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.中文：2. Jack,

23、 as you know, is an honest man. 或 Jack is an honest man , as you know. 或 As you know, Jack is an honest man.中文：如上所述正如可以想象出来的那样众所周知正如预料的那样正如已经指出的那样正如我们都会看到的那样 通常如此如报纸所报道的注意：as的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如:1. as is said / men ti oned above2. as may be imagi ned3. as is well known4. as was expected5. as has bee

24、n already poin ted out6. as we all can see7. as is ofte n the case8. as is reported in the n ewspaperVII.只能用that,不用 which.1. 先行词为不定代词everyth ing, no thi ng ,any thi ng, few, little, much, all, none 时:Fin ally, the thief han ded everyth ing that he had stole n.2. 先行词被 both, all, every, each, no, any,

25、 few, little, much, some 修饰时There is no difficulty (that) we can t smooth away.3. 先行词被 the only , the very, the last 修饰时He is the only pers on that I want to see now.4. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。This is the best book (that) I ve ever read.5. 先行词同时指人和指物时We talked about the thi ngs and pers ons that we saw t

26、he n.6. 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句Which is the car that hit the boy?Who was the man that she danced with?7. 主句是there be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用thatThere is a book on the desk that bel ongs to Frank.但若主语是人，引导词只能用who, whomThere is a pers on who wants to see you.8. 当关系代词在从句中作表语时Mary is no Ion ger the girl (that) she

27、 used to be.Exercise 8：1. He did all / everyth inghe could to help me.2. This is the very thi ngI am after.3. We talked about the men and the thingswe remembered at school.4. He is the only mancan do the work.5. This is the first thingI want to say.6. He is the fin est manI have ever worked with.7.

28、Who is the manspoke to you at the gate.8. Which is the staris n earest to the earth.VIII. 只能使用which的情况。1、非限制性定语从句中。eg. Mary has a book, which is very precious.2、在介词之后。eg. This is a house in which lives an old man.IX. 个别先行词1. the way为先行词时 当从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，引导词用that/ which,当作从句宾语时可省略； 当从句不缺少主语、宾语或表语时，引导词

29、用不填 / that/ in which ”。2. 当先行词为 point, situation, position, scene, stage, activity, case 时，且从句缺少状语时用where.3. 当先行词为occasion,且从句缺少状语时，表示重要时刻”用 when，表示重要场合”用where。Exercise 9：1) The wayshe teaches En glish is in teresti ng.A. 不填B. in thatC. whichD. of which2) She tried every wayshe could find to solve t

30、he problem.A.不填B. in thatC. whichD. of which3) He suggested that we should solve the problem in a waywas peaceful.A.不填B. in thatC. whichD. of which4) Can you imagi ne a situationyou can use the word?5) I can think many casesstude nts obviously know a lot of En glish words and expressi onsbut couldn

31、t write a good essay.6) The treatme nt will con ti nue un til the patie nt reaches the pointhe can walk correctly and safely.7) There are few occasi onsmembers are con fused or un certa in of their roles.8) I have reached a point in my lifeI am supposed to make decisi ons of my own.A. WhichB. whereC

32、. howD. why9) Today, we II discuss a number of casesbeginners of English fail to use the Ianguage properly.A. whichB.asC. whyD. where10) It slpiful to put children in a situationthey can see themselves differently.A. thatB. whichC. whe nD. where11) Occasi ons are quite rareI have the time to spe nd

33、a day with my kids.A. whoB. which C. whyD. whe n12) I think you have got to the pointa cha nge is n eeded, or you would fail.13) I think you have got to the pointis important.14) Government reports, legal papers and most bus in ess letters are_ the main situati onsEn glish isused.15) Hes got himself

34、 into a dan gerous situatio nhes likely to lose con trol of the pla ne.16) Hes got himself into a dan gerous situatio nhe must pay much atte nti on to.四、定语从句的注意事项1. 定语从句必须要有被修饰的先行词比较：1) Is this the schoolyou visited last year?A. that B. where C. which D. the one2) Is this schoolyou visited last year

35、?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one3) Is this the schoolyou study?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one2. 定语从句的谓语动词，应当与先行词在人称和数上保持一致.1) I, whoyour friend, will help you at any time.A. be B. am C. are D. was2) He is the only one of the workers in the factoryever bee n give n a medal.A. who hasB. who haveC

36、. that haveD. whom has3) He is one of the workers in the factoryever bee n give n a medal.A. who hasB. who haveC. that haveD. whom has3. 分隔式定语从句-找准先行词Days are gone when we could swim in the clever river near our house.There is a man outside the door who wants to see you.五、定语从句与其易混淆句型巧区分定语从句是高中阶段的重点语

37、法项目之一。因此，同学们有必要全面弄清其用法。定语从句从句型上讲,它与六种句式相似，十分容易混淆。为了帮助同学们分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异，现将其分类例析 如下。A. 定语从句与并列句1 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 Mr. Li has three daughters , none ofis an engineer. Mr. Li has three daughters , but none ofis a dancer. Mr. Li has three daughters ; are doctors.2定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：B. 定语从句与地点状语从句 1用一

38、个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 Rice doesnt grow well there is not enough water I still remember the farm my parents worked ten years ago 2定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于： C. 定语从句与强调句 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 It is on the morning of May 1st I met Liang Wei at the airport It is the factory Mr Wang works 2定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于 : D.

39、 定语从句与结果状语从句 （这里只讨论 the same as that 和 such as that 两种情况）： 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 I have the same computer you have She is such a kind and funny girl all of us like to make friends with her 2定语从句与结果状语从句的主要区别在于: E. 定语从句与习惯句型 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 It is the first time she has been in Shanghai It wa

40、s the time Chinese people had a hard life 2. 这里小题是一个习惯句型， 其结构为： 故小题填 ，其意为： 。小题 the time 是，其后是 ，故填 。F. 定语从句与单句1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 The mother told the lazy boy to work ， didnt help The mother told the lazy boy to work didnt help 2含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于：G. 定语从句与同位语从句 1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 The new

41、s we picked up from his informal conversation is true. The news Mr. Li will teach us English next semester is true.2定语从句与同位语从句的主要区别在于 : Exercise 10:定语从句和同位语从句、强调句、状语从句的区别练习题Fill in the blanks with a proper word:1. Mary is no longer the girl she used to be.2. Mary is no longer she used to be.3. Kunmi

42、ng is no longer the city it was ten years ago.4. Kunming is no longer it was ten years ago.5. All is needed is a supply of oil.6. is needed is a supply of oil.7. Everything he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.8. he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.9. Last night I drea

43、med a dream I passed the entrance examination.10. The dream I dreamed last night was very funny.11. Was it during the Second World he died?12. It was the hour the place was full of job-hunters.13. It was at the theater Lincoln was murdered.14. It was the theater Lincoln was murdered.15. She heard a

44、terrible noise, brought her heart into her mouth.16. She heard a terrible noise. brought her heart into her mouth.17. Is this the museum I visited last week?18. Is this museum I visited last week?19. I m one of the boys w_h_o never late for school.20. I m the one of the boys w_h_o never late for sch

45、ool.21. Last night I took a taxi, and took me home.22. Last night I took a taxi, took me home.23. Tom s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but didn t help.24. It was raining hard, kept us from playing football.25. I often thought of my childhood, I lived on a farm.26. I often though

46、t of my childhood, I spent on a farm.27. This is the place Chairman Mao was born.28. This is the place we are going to visit.29. Tom s father works at the factor_y makes shoes.30. August is the month comes after July, before September.31. Make a mark you have any questions.32. Make a mark at the pla

47、ce _ you have any questions.33. We shall go working conditions are difficult.34. We shall go to the place working conditions are difficult.六、同位定语从句同位定语从句，是指作同位语的名词或代词后紧跟一个定语从句，对该名词或代词进行修饰或限定。同位定语从句，可以分为两类：1重复型：为了加强语势，重复主句中的要被修饰的词或该词的词法变体，形成同位语结构，然后接关 系代词或关系副词再加定语从句。如：1) It is a world of wonders, a w

48、orld where anything can happen.中文：2) He announ ced that he would run for a sec ond term, an announ ceme nt that was acclaimed by most members of the party.中文：2、总结型：即先提供一个总结主句意义的词，然后接定语从句：如：1) In the old days the woma n was kept at the bottom of society, a slave who could be bought and sold.中文：常见一个代词

49、作同位语总结主句意义，然后接定语从句：2) She gives several reas ons why patie nts, especially those who are dying, should be told the truth.中文：3) Yesterday I went skating something that I hadn t done for years.中文：七、双重定语从句就其先行词与定语从句的关系，双重定语从句可以分为两类：1. 并列型：两个定语从句修饰同一个先行词，有并列连词连结。如果关系代词作宾语，第一个定语从句 中的关系代词可以省略，第二个定语从句中的关系代

50、词则不可省略。1) The house (that) he bought in 2001, and which he sold five years later, is again on the market.中文：2) The best play (that) Shakespeare wrote, but which I haven t read, is probably King Lear.中文：3) You ll easily find us, just look for a house whose windows need cleaning and whose fence still

51、needs repairi ng.中文：2. 复合型：两个定语从句不在同一层次，第一个定语从句按东语从句的构成法构成(关系代词有时可以 省略)；第一个定语从句及其修饰的先行词，构成第二个定语从句的先行词，然后接定语从句(第二 个定语从句中的关代代词不可省略)。1. Can you men ti on anyone (that) we know who is so tale nt as he?中文：2. She s the only girlthat) I know who can play the pia no.中文： 八、分离式定语从句 有时，定语从句你不是紧跟在先行词之后，而是位于其他句子

52、成分或谓语之后，使定语从句与先行词 分离，形成一个分离式定语从句。此类定语从句可封为一下几种情况：1. 先行词后接一个状语；2. 先行词后接一个定语；3. 先行词为句子的主语，且句子谓语动词较短时，定语从句常置于谓语之后；4. 先行词为句子的宾语，后面紧接宾语补足语时，定语从句常置于宾语补足语之后。Exercise :划分句子成分1. There is no student in our class who does not studies hard.2. There are no places left on the earth that the foot of man has not tr

53、odden.3. The days will come soon when people have enough to eat and to wear.4. The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far-away village.5. I left the book on the bus which I bought last year in Beijing.定语从句练习试一试:观察下列几组简单句，并试着写出定语从句。1.I know the woman.The woman is

54、come from France.2.He loves the dog.His mother bought the dog for him.3.This is the soldier.The soldier saved the boys life.4.He was friendly to the stranger.He met the stranger in the street.5.Lilly bought the book.The books cover is pink.6.The boy studies hard.The boy s father is a doctor.7.This i

55、s the school.My mother works in the school.8.I still remember that day.You left for Beijing on that day.9.Could you explain the reason?You were late for the reason.10.I will never forget the time.I spent the time with my grandparents.13 / 19二：用适当的关系词填空：1. I still remember the night I first came to the house.2. Ill never forget the day we met each other last week.3. Mr. Black is going to Beij