Thesis+Writing

1、How to Write a Great BA Thesis 1. Introduction 2. Getting to know the thesis Contents 2.1 What is a thesis? 2.2 Procedures for doing research 2.3 Whats new? 3. Ways and steps to write a thesis 3.1 Choosing a good topic 3.1.1 Prerequisites 3.1.2 Considerations 3.2 Finding the best sources 3.3 Reading

2、 the literature 3.4 Thesis proposal 3.5 Data collection and analysis 3.6 The writing process 3.6.1 Main parts of a thesis 3.6.2 Writing the first draft 3.6.3 Revising 3.6.3 Submitting the final draft 4. References and resources Appendices 1. Introduction This is intended to be a working guide for En

3、glish majors in their thesis planning and writing. It contains the following parts: (1) What is a thesis? (2) Ways and steps to write a thesis; (3) Some resources; and (4) Some topics in linguistics and translation. 2. Getting to know the thesis 2.1 What is a thesis? A thesis is a research paper. Re

4、search is an active process of learning from others. As we research, we read, borrow, and synthesize ideas and facts from others. More importantly, as researchers, we make our contributions to the field or issue by means of new findings or new perspectives. See video 1: 44-850 2.2 Procedures for doi

5、ng research Finding the problem Formulating hypotheses (or guesses) about the causes of and solutions to the problem Collecting data relevant to the problem Analyzing and explaining data Making conclusions about the problem Reading the literature 2.3 Thesis writing For the student, it involves movin

6、g away from the informal style they may have used for letters to the use of special vocabulary and phrases, as well as the adoption of a recognized layout format and the use of academic conventions in referencing. 2.3 Thesis writing good research=(10 intelligence + 30 care + 30 feasible plan + 30 di

7、ligence) x 100% honesty One basic principle: No plagiarism! 3.1 Choosing a good topic 3.1.1 Prerequisites knowledge + interest a subject matter or field of study 3. Ways and steps to write a thesis 3.1.2 Requirements The topic should be either theoretically and/or practically significant Your resear

8、ch is supposed to contribute something to this field or this issue in question The scope of your topic must not be too broad or too narrow See video 1: 14-3315 See video 1: 3315-35 See video 1: 1:0000-1:0518 3.2 Finding the best sources Databank of periodical papers Using Bibliographies Internet Sea

9、rch Google “Thomas Edison” site: X Y A B C OR D OR E Google Scholar 3.3 Reading the literature Reading the relevant literature critically Making a summary of their findings and a comment on their problems or limitations in scope, methodology, or perspective Proposing different perspectives, p

10、utting forth new insights, enlarging the scope, or providing more convincing arguments or evidence Taking Notes Highmore, B. 2001. Everyday Life and Cultural Theory. New York: Routledge. Taking Notes Morawski, J. 2000. Social psychology a century ago. American Psychologist 55: 427-431. Taking Notes

11、Cain, A., and M. Burris. Investigation of the use of mobile phones while driving. Retrieved January 15, 2000, from /its/mobile_phone_text.htm Taking Notes Taking Notes Taking Notes Taking Notes Taking Notes 3.4 Thesis proposal Making a working outline for your thesis Defini

12、ng the topic and scope of your study, and pointing out the significance of your study Specifying the methods and procedures to continue with your study Writing and submitting a proposal for your research Writing a review of the literature 3.5 Data collection and analysis Collecting relevant data Cla

13、ssifying the data into convenient types Processing the data with the proposed method Analyzing and explaining the data Drawing conclusions 3.6 Thesis writing 3.6.1 Main parts of a thesis * * Introduction (1) Statement of the problem (2) Aims and scope of the study (3) Significance of the study (4) S

14、tructure of the study Literature review (1) Previous studies and limitations (2) Explaining the causes (3) Introducing a different theory, perspective, or set of methods Main chapters (1) Defining the object of study (2) Revealing the nature of the object of study by analyzing in detail its differen

15、t aspects or dimensions from the proposed perspective or with the chosen theory (3) Offering solutions Conclusion (1) Summing up main findings (2) Admitting limitations (3) Making suggestions for future research Bibliography Listing all and only those references which have been used in the research

16、in the required scholarly fashion 3.6.2 Writing the first draft (1) Using academic language (2) Conforming to the format (3) Marking citations As researchers, we must credit these sources of ideas, facts, or data, for two important reasons: First, we acknowledge the people who made the contributions

17、; and second, we provide a record of sources so that other researchers who follow us can refer to them. 3.6.3 Draft revising (1) Adjusting the structure (2) Reinforcing arguments (3) Checking sources (4) Proofreading 3.6.3 Submitting the final draft (1) Checking the parts * (2) Checking dates and na

18、mes (3) Checking page numbers (4) Checking correspondence 4. References and resources http:/ d_3250290.html / http:/ 中国期刊全文数据库中国期刊全文数据库 Appendices Appendix 1 introduces the major fields in translation studies, which is aimed to provide you with some general orientations in you

19、r choice of a topic. Appendix 2 lists some specific topics for you to consider and take for reference. Appendix 1: Major fields in translation studies Translation and linguistics Translation and literary studies Translation and culture Translation criticism Comparative studies of translated versions

20、 Study of translators styles Translation of pratical texts Translation and review Translation and linguistics Text linguistics: unit; cohesion; coherence Cognitive linguistics: metaphor; emotion Functional linguistics Comparative linguistics Pragmatics: cooperative; politeness Relevance theory Socio

21、linguistics: social status; dialect Translation and literary studies Literary criticism Aesthetics Translation and culture Macro studies Production and acception of translation in target culture; functions; domestication by Yan Fu, Lin Shu, and Fu Donghua (Gone with the Wind) social, historical, cul

22、tual Micro studies Cultural factors or contents in translation; strategies for translation of culture-loaded words Translation criticism Evaluating, criticizing, and revising a translated version Comparative studies of translated versions Different translated versions of the same works by different

23、translators or the same translator at different stages Macro studies Temporal, social, historical, political, ideological influence on translation principles and strategies Micro studies Difference in techniques or methods Translation of practical texts Studies of translation of texts for special pu

24、rposes, e.g., commercial texts, texts for science and technology, advertisements, tourism materials, and legal language Translation and review Translating a long piece of work (usually literary) with no ready translation available, and then making a comment on the translation process from a certain

25、perspective Cf. 中国翻译中国翻译“翻译自学之友翻译自学之友” 栏目栏目 Appendix 2: Some topics in translation You can choose from these topics as the subject matter of your research, or you can find one by yourself based on your knowledge and interest in a certain field or on a specific issue, and gradually refine it by readi

26、ng relevant literature and making tentative explorations. v 英汉语言中的相似性对比研究英汉语言中的相似性对比研究 vA comparative study of iconicity in English and Chinese Abstract: In light of a cognitive view of language and meaning, the thesis explores the correspondence between linguistic structure and conceptual structure

27、, and analyzes the general difference between English and Chinese in their iconicity. Keywords: iconicity; cognition; mental image Chief references Ungerer, Friedrich and Hans-Jrg Schmid. 1996. An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics. London: Longman, chapter 6. “Review of Ungerer 1996”. Retrieved

28、June 4, 2008 from http:/wjmll.ncl.ac.uk/issue03/jyh-wee.htm “Iconicity in language and literature”. Retrieved June 4, 2008 from http:/home.hum.uva.nl/iconicity/ “Iconicity in language”. Retrieved June 4, 2008 from http:/ “Iconicity”. Retrieved June 4, 2008 from /wiki/Iconicity

29、v 委婉语的认知分析委婉语的认知分析 v A cognitive study of euphemism Abstract: In light of cognitive linguistics, the thesis reveals the conceptual motivations and linguistic devices of euphemism. Keywords: euphemism; cognitive linguistics; metonymy Chief references Ungerer, Friedrich and Hans-Jrg Schmid. 1996. An I

30、ntroduction to Cognitive Linguistics. London: Longman. “Euphemism”. Retrieved June 7, 2008 from /wiki/Euphemism “EuphemismA Mirror of Social Life”. Retrieved June 7, 2008 from http:/ Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago/London: University of Chi

31、cago Press. v 转喻的认知语言学研究转喻的认知语言学研究 v A cognitive linguistic study of metonymy Abstract: In light of cognitive linguistics, the thesis studies the nature and manifestations of metonymy, and the roles it plays in language and cognition. Keywords: cognitive linguistics; metonymy Chief references Ungere

32、r, Friedrich and Hans-Jrg Schmid. 1996. An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics. London: Longman. “Metonymy”. Retrieved June 7, 2008 from /wiki/Metonymy Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press. v 认知视角下的英汉结构对比与翻译

33、认知视角下的英汉结构对比与翻译 vA cognitive study of English and Chinese grammar and translation Abstract: In light of a cognitive view of grammar, the thesis reveals the conceptual motivations behind the differences between E and C in structure and explores the implications to translation between the two language

34、s. Keywords: grammar; imagery; translation Chief references Langacker, R.W. 1986. “An introduction to Cognitive Grammar”. Cognitive Science 10(1): 1-40. 潘文国潘文国. 1997/2002.汉英语对比纲要汉英语对比纲要. 北京北京: 北京语北京语 言文化大学出版社言文化大学出版社. 邵志洪邵志洪. 1997.英汉语研究与对比英汉语研究与对比. 上海上海: 华东理工华东理工 大学出版社大学出版社. v 认知视角下的汉语情感隐喻研究认知视角下的汉语

35、情感隐喻研究 vA cognitive study of emotions in Chinese Abstract: In light of cognitive linguistics, the thesis explores metaphors in the expression of emotions in Chinese and is aimed to illustrate the cognitive tenet that language is basically metaphorical and meaning is based on bodily experiences. Keyw

36、ords: metaphor; emotion; cognitive linguistics Chief references Ungerer, Friedrich and Hans-Jrg Schmid. 1996. An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics. London: Longman. “Metaphor”. Retrieved June 7, 2008 from /wiki/Metaphor Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. 1980. Metaphors We L

37、ive By. Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press. Papers by Ning Yu at /Y/Ning.Yu-1/ v 认知视角下的汉语颜色隐喻研究认知视角下的汉语颜色隐喻研究 vA cognitive study of Chinese color terms Abstract: In light of cognitive linguistics, the thesis explores metaphors with Chinese color terms and is aimed

38、to illustrate the cognitive tenet that language is basically metaphorical and meaning is based on bodily experiences. Keywords: metaphor; color terms; cognitive linguistics Chief references Ungerer, Friedrich and Hans-Jrg Schmid. 1996. An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics. London: Longman. “Meta

39、phor”. Retrieved June 7, 2008 from /wiki/Metaphor Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press. Papers by Ning Yu at /Y/Ning.Yu-1/ v 认知视角下的汉语身体隐喻研究认知视角下的汉语身体隐喻研究 vA cognitive study of Chinese

40、 metaphors with body parts Abstract: In light of cognitive linguistics, the thesis explores Chinese metaphors with body parts and is aimed to illustrate the cognitive tenet that language is basically metaphorical and meaning is based on bodily experiences. Keywords: metaphor; emotion; cognitive ling

41、uistics Chief references Ungerer, Friedrich and Hans-Jrg Schmid. 1996. An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics. London: Longman. “Metaphor”. Retrieved June 7, 2008 from /wiki/Metaphor Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago/London: University of C

42、hicago Press. Papers by Ning Yu at /Y/Ning.Yu-1/ v 论翻译的认知对等论翻译的认知对等 vA cognitive approach to translation equivalence Abstract: In light of cognitive linguistics, the thesis examines the nature and criteria of translation equivalence and explores the unit of translation and

43、the means to achieve translation equivalence. Keywords: cognitive linguistics; translation equivalence; translation unit Chief references Langacker, R.W. 1986. “An introduction to Cognitive Grammar”. Cognitive Science 10(1): 1-40. Snell-Hornby, Mary. 2001. Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach

44、. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. Nida, Eugene A.; Charles R. Taber. 1969. The Theory and Practice of Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001. “Dynamic and formal equivalence”. Retrieved June 7, 2008 from /wiki/Dynamic_and_for

45、mal_e quivalence v 翻译中的不对等研究翻译中的不对等研究 v A study of non-equivalence in translation Abstract: The thesis examines cases of non-equivalence in the translation between English and Chinese and explores the possible causes. Keywords: translatability; non-equivalence; semantic systems; cultural gaps Chief

46、references Ungerer, Friedrich and Hans-Jrg Schmid. 1996. An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics. London: Longman. Snell-Hornby, Mary. 2001. Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. Nida, Eugene A.; Charles R. Taber. 1969. The Theory and Prac

47、tice of Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001. “Dynamic and formal equivalence”. Retrieved June 7, 2008 from /wiki/Dynamic_and_formal_ equivalence v 翻译症的认知分析翻译症的认知分析 vA cognitive analysis of translationese Abstract: In light of cognitive linguis

48、tics, the thesis carries out an analysis of various kinds of translationese and makes an attempt to provide a coherent account for them from a cognitive perspective. Keywords: translationese; cognitive linguistics; norms; prototypes Chief references Ungerer, Friedrich and Hans-Jrg Schmid. 1996. An I

49、ntroduction to Cognitive Linguistics. London: Longman. Taylor, John R. 1995. Linguistic Categorization: Prototypes in Linguistic Theory (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000. “Translationese”. Retrieved June 7, 2008 from http:/en.wiki

50、/wiki/Translationese Snell-Hornby, Mary. 2001. Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. v 翻译中的形式与意义翻译中的形式与意义 vA cognitive study of form and meaning in translation Abstract: In light of a cognitive view of grammar and meaning, the thes

51、is reveals the complicated relation between form and meaning and argues that the form is part of and thus inseparable from meaning. Keywords: form; meaning; translation Chief references Ungerer, Friedrich and Hans-Jrg Schmid. 1996. An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics. London: Longman. Langacker

52、, R.W. 1986. “An introduction to Cognitive Grammar”. Cognitive Science 10(1): 1-40. Introductory papers about cognitive linguistics available on the web, e.g., via Google. v 翻译中意义的显隐翻译中意义的显隐 vA study of explicitation and implicitation in translation Abstract: In light of cognitive linguistics, the t

53、hesis deals with the explicitation and implicitation of meaning during the translation process. Keywords: explicitation; implicitation; translation; cognitive linguistics Chief references Ungerer, Friedrich and Hans-Jrg Schmid. 1996. An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics. London: Longman. Langack

54、er, R.W. 1986. “An introduction to Cognitive Grammar”. Cognitive Science 10(1): 1-40. v 通过隐喻看翻译通过隐喻看翻译 v Understanding translation through metaphors Abstract: The translation process has been viewed from various perspectives, very frequently by means of comparisons and metaphors. This thesis offers

55、an overview of and a comment on the differing views of translation as depicted in the metaphors. Keywords: translation; metaphor; perspective Chief references Bell, Roger T. 1991. Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. London/New York: Longman. “Translation”. Retrieved June 7, 2008 from h

56、ttp://wiki/Translation Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press. Reddy, Michael. 1979/1993. The conduit metaphor: A case frame conflict in our language. In Andrew Ortony (ed.), Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge

57、 University Press, 284-324. v 隐喻翻译中的文化隐喻翻译中的文化 v The translation of culture in metaphor Abstract: In light of cognitive linguistics, the thesis discusses the intricate relation between culture and metaphor and explores the translation of culture in metaphor. Keywords: metaphor; culture; translation

58、Chief references Ungerer, Friedrich and Hans-Jrg Schmid. 1996. An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics. London: Longman. “What Can Metaphors Tell Us About Culture”. Retrieved June 7, 2008 from .tw/eip/FILES/journal/200593 4389.6702917.pdf Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson.

59、1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press. Liu, Dilin. 2002. Metaphor, Culture, and Worldview: The Case of American English and the Chinese Language. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. v 幽默文化及文化幽默的翻译幽默文化及文化幽默的翻译 v A Translation-Oriented Study of Cultural Humors Abstract: The thesis probes into the roles culture plays in verbal humor and the principles and strategies of translating culture-loaded humors. Keywords: humor; culture; translation Chief references Martin, Rod A. 2006. The Psychology Of Humour: An Integrative Approach. London: Elsevier Academic Pre