中考英语复习 第二篇 语法突破篇 专题十六 主谓一致和倒装句课件

1、1专题十六主谓一致和倒装句专题十六主谓一致和倒装句-2-3-考点1考点2主谓一致 1.(2017长沙中考) Not only my parents but also my sister crazy about the TV play In the Name of People.A.is B.are C.have been【解析】A考查主谓一致。句意:不仅我的父母,而且我的妹妹对电视剧人民的名义疯狂地喜欢。not only.but also.连接并列的主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。较近的是my sister。故选A。-4-考点1考点22.(2017益阳中考) The number of peop

2、le in the city about seven million now.A.areB.has C.is【解析】C考查主谓一致。句意:现在这个城市人口的数量大约是七百万。the number of表示“的数量”,跟复数名词连用作主语时,中心词是number,谓语动词要用单数。故选C。 3.(2017宜宾中考)Two months a long time.We can visit our grandparents during the vacation.A.am B.is C.are【解析】B考查主谓一致。句意:两个月很长。我们可以在假期期间看望我们的爷爷奶奶。当主语为表示时间、地点、距离、

3、价钱等的名词时,通常谓语需要用单数形式。故选B。-5-考点1考点24.(2017泰州中考)Neither Jim nor Tom Australia before,but they know the country very well.A.has gone toB.has been toC.have gone toD.have been to【解析】B考查主谓一致和been to与gone to的区别。句意:吉姆和汤姆以前都没去过澳大利亚,但他们对这个国家很了解。neither.nor.连结主语时,谓语动词根据“就近原则”确定适当形式,主语Tom提示谓语助动词用has,下文but引导的转折句意

4、提示用has been to表示“去过”。故选B。-6-考点1考点25.(2017贵阳中考)We all know that one of the worlds most popular sports football.A.amB.isC.are【解析】B考查主谓一致。句意:我们都知道足球是世界上最受欢迎的运动之一。one of修饰可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数;主语one of the worlds most popular sports是第三人称单数。故选B。-7-考点1考点26.(2017齐齐哈尔中考) A number of visitors visiting the West

5、Lake and the number of the visitors increasing.A.are,is B.is,areC.are,are【解析】A考查主谓一致。句意:大量的旅游者正在参观西湖,游客的数量正在增长。a number of意为“大量的”,主语是其后所修饰的名词,visitors是复数,谓语用are;the number of意为“的数量”,主语是number,谓语动词用is。故选A。-8-考点1考点2英语中,主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的形式,这被称作主谓一致。它主要遵循以下原则:1.语法一致语法一致指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。(1)当and和both.and.连

6、接名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Lucy and Lily are twins.露西和莉莉是双胞胎。(2)不定代词everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,no one,everything,something,anything,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Everybody here knows me.这里的每个人都认识我。Something is wrong with my computer.我的计算机有毛病了。-9-考点1考点2(3)名词后接由with,together with,as wel

7、l as,rather than,including,besides,like,expect,but等引起的短语时,谓语动词的单复数由介词前名词的单复数决定。A woman with three children has come.一个女人带着三个孩子来了。I as well as they am ready to help you.不仅他们,我也愿意帮助你。(4)“a lot of (lots of)” “plenty of” “most of+名词”和“分数或百分数+of+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式,如果是可数名词复数,谓语动词

8、用复数形式。Lots of students have been there.很多学生去过那儿。-10-考点1考点2(5)由“a pair of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs (kinds)of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。A pair of shoes is under the chair.一双鞋在椅子底下。(6)由两部分构成的表示物体的名词(如trousers,shorts,pants,shoes,gloves等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。(7)不定式或v.-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用

9、单数形式。To learn English well isnt very easy.学好英语不容易。Mending the car is his job.修车是他的工作。-11-考点1考点22.意义一致意义一致指从意义上着眼处理主谓关系。比如:主语形式虽然是单数,但意义上却是复数,谓语动词就应用复数形式。某些情况下,主语虽然是复数,但意义是单数,谓语动词也应该用单数。(1)由and连接的两个名词作主语,如果是指同一概念,则谓语动词用单数形式。The scientist and inventor is his father.那位科学家兼发明家是他的父亲。(2)表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名

10、词、词组作主语时,一般被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。Do you think three dollars is enough?你认为三美元够吗?-12-考点1考点2(3)family,crowd,company,class,group等集体名词作主语时,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。The crowd are fighting for their lives.这些人正在为生存而战斗。(4)cattle,people,police等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。The police have caught the murderer.警方已经

11、抓获了凶手。(5)学科名词maths,politics,physics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Maths is hard for me to learn.对我来说,数学很难学。-13-考点1考点23.就近原则就近原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。(1)由either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but (also).等连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与离它较近的主语在数上保持一致。Not only his children but also he wants to go to the Great Wall.不仅他的孩子想去,而且他也想去长城。Either

12、 you or he is wrong.你或他错了。(2)There be或Here be这两个结构中,be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。There is a pen,two pencils and some books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔、两支铅笔和一些书。There are two pencils,a pen and some books on the desk.书桌上有两支铅笔、一支钢笔和一些书。-14-考点1考点2倒装句 1.(2017广东中考)Is there any outdoor learning in your school?.We learn out

13、doors once or twice every month.A.Yes,there isB.No,there isntC.Yes,it isD.No,it isnt【解析】A考查there be句型。根据第一句Is there,回答应是Yes,there is/No,there isnt,又由于后文的We learn outdoors once or twice every month可知,回答应是肯定的。故选A。-15-考点1考点22.(2017白银中考)There a basketball game between these two grades in the gym this af

14、ternoon.A.will B.is going to have C.is going to be D.will have【解析】C考查there be句型的将来时用法。句意:今天下午在这两个年级之间将有一场篮球赛。由this afternoon可知句子用将来时态。there be句型的将来时用there will be或there is going to be表示。故选C。3.(2017南京中考)Look!There a photo of our English teacher in todays newspaper!A.isB.areC.haveD.has【解析】A考查固定句型。句意:看

15、,在今天的报纸上有我们英语老师的图片。there be.表示“有”,后面的名词a photo是单数,因此系动词用is。故选A。-16-考点1考点24.(2017安顺中考) there anything new in todays Qianzhong Morning Daily?No.But there some inspiring stories worth reading.A.Is;isB.Are;areC.Is;areD.Are;is【解析】C考查主谓一致。句意:今天的黔中早报有一些新的东西吗?没有,但有一些令人鼓舞的故事值得一读。前者不定代词anything作句子的主语,there be

16、句型中的be动词应用单数形式;后者some inspiring stories作句子的主语,there be句型中的be动词应用复数形式。故选C。-17-考点1考点25.(2017黔南州中考) There an NBA match on TV this weekend.A.will playB.is going to beC.will have D.is going to have【解析】B考查there be句型。句意:这个周末将有一场NBA比赛。there be的一般将来时的结构为there is going to be意为“将要有”。故选B。-18-考点1考点26.(2017凉山州中考)

17、There a party tomorrow evening.Would you like to go with me?Id love to.A.isB.has C.is going to haveD.is going to be【解析】D考查there be 结构。句意:明天晚上有个晚会,你想和我一起去吗?我愿意。there be不与have/has连用,可排除选项B、C;由时间状语tomorrow evening可知用将来时。故选D。7.(2017宜宾中考)There a basketball match in our school this afternoon.A.will have B

18、.will beC.is going to have【解析】B考查there be句型与动词的时态。句意:今天下午我们学校将会有一场篮球比赛。there be句型的将来时态为:there will be.或there is going to be.。故选B。-19-考点1考点28.(2017贵阳中考)“Ive never been to Disneyland,Judy.”“ ”A.So have I.B.Neither am I.C.Neither have I.【解析】C考查倒装句。句意:“朱迪,我从没去过迪斯尼乐园”“我也没去过。”上句是否定句,所以下句的倒装句应当用Neither引导,可

19、排除选项A;上句中用了助动词,所以倒装句中应当用助动词。故选C。-20-考点1考点29.(2017天水中考)Its very cold in Shenyang in winter. here.A.So it isB.So is itC.So it doesD.So does it【解析】A考查倒装句。句意:沈阳冬天非常冷。这里也是。本句上下文主语相同,都是“天气”,所以so是表语提前构成的倒装句,正常语序是It is so here.就句子某一成分提前构成的倒装句,当主语是代词时要用主谓语序。上文用了be动词提示下文也用be动词。故选A。-21-考点1考点210.(2017宿迁中考)I don

20、t like horror films.Theyre terrible.A.Either I do B.Neither I doC.Either do ID.Neither do I【解析】D考查倒装句。句意:我不喜欢恐怖电影。它们太可怕。我也不喜欢。承接上文,用neither或nor引导倒装句,表示“也不”,要构成完全倒装句。上句助动词用do,下文也用do。故选D。-22-考点1考点21.there be句型的倒装there be句型是一个表示某时某地“存在”某人或某物的句型,是主语在be动词后的倒装句。There is a small river near the village.村子附近

21、有一条小河。-23-考点1考点22.so,neither引导的倒装句“So+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面的肯定情况也适合后面的人或物,意为“某人也是如此”;“Neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面的否定情况也适合后面的人或物,意为“某人也不”。I like playing the guitar.So does he.我喜欢弹吉他,他也喜欢。He cant do it.Neither can I.他不会做这事,我也不会做。-24-考点1考点23.方位副词引起的倒装以here,there,out,in,down,away等表示方位的副词开头的句子,如果主语是名词,

22、而谓语动词是be,come,go,lie,run等,用全部倒装。注意:如果句子的主语是代词时,则用半倒装。Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.你盼望已久的信在这儿。Here it is.给你。/在这里。-25-考点1考点2(A)1.Would your sister go to Hainan this summer?If I dont go,.A.neither will sheB.neither does sheC.so will sheD.so does she(B)2.Im not going swimming tomo

23、rrow afternoon.I have to clean up my bedroom.A.So am IB.Neither am IC.Neither I amD.So I am(C)3.Lily goes to bed early in the evening.A.Neither does TomB.Neither Tom doesC.So does TomD.So Tom does-26-考点1考点2(A)4.Would you like to go to the zoo?If Linda does,.A.so will IB.neither will IC.so do ID.neit

24、her do I(D)5.My sister and I will go to the library tomorrow.Shall we go together?A.So am IB.So do IC.So I amD.So will I-27-【技巧1】 辨别“单复”法主谓一致主要考查考生对主语单、复数以及人称的理解和判断能力。解答这类题目时,首先找出句子的真正主语,然后依据主谓一致的三原则做出选择。主语后接with,together with,but,except等词语时,谓语应与前面的主语保持一致。【典例透析1】 (2016郴州中考)Look!A woman with three ch

25、ildren crossing the street.Lets help them.A.isB.are C.was【解析】句意:看!一个带着三个孩子的妇女正在过马路。让我们帮帮他们吧。 with是介词,谓语动词的形式要与with前的名词单复数一致;因a woman是单数形式,因此谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式;由Look可知句子用现在进行时。故选A。-28-【典例透析2】 (2016自贡中考)Everybody except Mike and Lindathere when the meeting began.A.areB.was C.were【解析】句意:当会议开始的时候,除了迈克和琳达,大

26、家都在那儿。时间状语从句的时态为一般过去时,所以主句也应用过去时,排除A项;“主语+except+名词或代词”充当主语时,谓语动词与except前的主语保持一致,故选B。-29-【技巧2】 熟记常见倒装句型中考对倒装句的考查主要涉及以so,neither开头的倒装句。so开头表示倒装和表示强调一直是考生的易错点。【典例透析】 (邵阳中考)Mr.Black goes to work by car every day.A.So does Mr.Green B.So Mr.Green does C.So is Mr.Green【解析】考查倒装句。句中用了实义动词,所以倒装句中用助动词,可排除C;“S

27、o+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”,表示“也”;“So+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词”,表示“确实”。根据句意可知选A。-30-1.Almost everyone both in China and abroad C peace and is against war.A.loveB.lovedC.lovesD.loving2.How much B the shoes?Five dollars enough.A.is;isB.are;isC.are;areD.is;are3.Both Li Lei and Han Meimei D fond of the TV program.I am

28、also very interested in its experiment competitions.A.isB.amC.wasD.are4.Taking pictures A very interesting.I often go to the park to take photos in my spare time.A.isB.areC.to beD.be5.As we know,physics C an interesting subject.A.areB.have been C.isD.to be-31-6.The number of people invited C fifty,but a number of them absent for different reasons.A.were;wasB.was;was C.was;wereD.were;were7.About three-fifths of the work B done yesterday.A.hadB.was C.wereD.have8.Have