简单句-并列句和复合句用法及习题

1、七年级上册：Unit 1Unit 9:侧重于陈述句和疑问句。七年级下册：Unit 4:祈使句 Dont eat in the classroom.Unit 8：倒装句 There is a zoo in my neighborhood.Unit 2,Unit 3,Unit 5,Unit 9,Unit 11,Unit 12:特殊疑问句。八年级上册： Unit 7:There will be more people. There will be more pollution.Unit 8:First,peel the bananas. Next, put the bananas in the bl

2、ender. Then, pour the milk into the blender. Finally, turn on the blender.八年级下册：Unit 3:For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.九年级：Unit 2 :What fun the Water Festival is! How fantastic the dragon boat teams were!一、陈述句和疑问句1.陈述句用来陈述一个事实或表达说话者看法的句子叫“陈述句”，句末用句号表示句子的陈述结束。陈述句分为肯定句和否定句

3、。(1)肯定句的基本结构：“主语+谓语+宾语”。例如：I play basketball after school.(2)否定句又分为完全否定和部分否定。完全否定词有not，no，no one，nobody，nothing，neither，none，never。例如：None of us have been to Canada.部分否定词有hardly，seldom，few，little以及not与both，all，each，every，quite，always等连用所表示的部分否定。例如：I can hardly see anything in the rain.Not all studen

4、ts come to school by bus.2.疑问句用来表示提问的句子叫作“疑问句”，句末用问号。疑问句包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句4种。(1)一般疑问句以系动词be开头的疑问句。例如：Are you a student?以助动词开头的疑问句。例如：Do you speak French?以情态动词开头的疑问句。例如：Can you dance?(2)特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫“特殊疑问句”。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和由疑问词构成的疑问短语。常用疑问代词：what什么；who谁；whom谁(who的宾格)；which哪个(些)；whose谁的。例

5、如：What are you doing?常用疑问副词：when何时；where何地；how怎么；why为什么。例如：Where are you going tomorrow?常用疑问短语：what time什么时刻；how many/much多少；how often多久一次；how soon多久；how long多长时间；how far多远；how old多大(年龄)；how big多大。例如：How long have you been here？For 10 minutes.(3)选择疑问句用来在两种或两种以上情况中进行选择的疑问句叫作“选择疑问句”。答语不能用Yes/No回答，而应从问

6、句中选择一种情况进行回答。一般选择疑问句的构成：一般疑问句+or+被选择的内容？例如：Are you a teacher or a doctor？Im a teacher.特殊选择疑问句的构成：特殊疑问句+A or B?例如：Which do you like better，tea or coffee？(4)反意疑问句附在陈述句后对陈述内容进行反问的句子叫“反意疑问句”，也叫“附加疑问句”。反意疑问句前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是简短问句。陈述部分用逗号结尾，疑问部分用问号结尾。例如：Its a nice day，isnt it?疑问部分的主语必须与陈述部分的主语一致；当陈述部分的主语是名词或代

7、词时，疑问部分要用相应的人称代词。例如：Mr.Black comes from the UK，doesnt he? 疑问部分要与陈述部分的时态保持一致。例如：Tom went to the cinema yesterday，didnt he?答语是肯定的用 “Yes”；答语是否定的用 “No”。前否后肯的反意疑问句的答语yes译为“不”，no译为“是的”。例如：Ann didnt come to school last week，did she?No，she didnt.She was ill.特别提醒反意疑问句的特殊形式陈述部分是I am.，疑问部分用arent I。例如：Im your b

8、est friend，arent I?当陈述部分是there be结构时，疑问部分用there。例如：There are many birds in the tree，arent there？当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this，that时，疑问部分的主语用it；当陈述部分的主语是these或those时，疑问部分的主语用they。例如：This is an English car，isnt it? These are Russian planes，arent they?当陈述部分含有never/nothing/none/no one/seldom/hardly/few/little等否定词时，

9、疑问部分用肯定形式。例如：She has never been abroad，has she?如果陈述部分含有由否定前缀im-，dis-，un-等构成的否定意义的词，则陈述部分作肯定处理，疑问部分仍用否定形式。例如：Mary is unhappy，isnt she？当陈述部分的主语是不定代词something/anything/everything/nothing等时，疑问部分中代词用it。例如：Nothing is wrong with the computer，is it?当陈述部分的主语为somebody/someone/anybody/anyone/everybody/everyone

10、等时，疑问部分中代词用they或he，注意问句动词的数应与they/he保持一致。例如：Everyone has known the news，hasnt he？/havent they?祈使句的反意疑问句a.祈使句是肯定形式，其反意疑问句中的疑问部分用will you或 wont you皆可。例如：Be sure to write to us，will/wont you?b.祈使句是否定形式，其反意疑问句中的疑问部分通常只用will you。例如：Dont smoke in the meeting room，will you?c.以let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时， lets用shall

11、we构成反意疑问句，其他均用will you。例如：Lets take a walk after supper，shall we? Let the boy go first，will you?当陈述部分是I think/I suppose/I believe/I consider等结构时，疑问部分一般与从句保持一致。注意“否定前移”。例如：I think you can do it better next time，cant you? I dont believe there will be robots at peoples homes，will there？二、感叹句1.以what引导(1

12、)What + a/an +adj.+单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！例如：What a beautiful mountain it is!(2)What +adj.+可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语！例如：What great inventions he has made!(3)What +adj.+不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！例如：What bad weather it is today!2.以how引导(1)How +adj. +a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！例如：How clever a boy he is!(2)How +adj./adv.+主语+谓语!例如：How qu

13、ickly Tom runs!三、祈使句祈使句表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、建议、请求或命令等。主语you通常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。表达请求或劝告时，祈使句句末或句首可以加上please表示委婉的语气。1.肯定祈使句(1)Do型：动词原形(+宾语)+其他成分。例如：Please have a seat.(2)Be型：Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其他成分。例如：Be quiet.(3)Let型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。例如：Let me help you.2.否定祈使句(1)Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dont构成。例如：Dont forget me! Don

14、t be late for school!(2)Let型的否定式有两种：“Dont +let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分”。例如：Dont let him go./Let him not go.(3)有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止。例如：No smoking!四、倒装句英语句子一般主语在前，谓语在后。但有时因为语法结构的要求或为了表达特殊的强调部分，会把句中的谓语提到主语前面，这种句子叫“倒装句”。倒装句的常见句式：1.There be句型(1)There be句型表示“存在”，主语在be的后面。例如：There is some coffee in

15、the cup.特别提醒there be与have的区别There be结构表示“某地有某人/某物”，强调客观存在。have表示“(某人)拥有某物”，强调所属关系。例如：Mr.Bush has two daughters. (2)There be句型的句式变化对There be句型中的主语提问：Whats + 地点状语/时间状语？例如：There are many birds in the forests.Whats in the forests?对There be句型中数量的提问：How many +可数名词复数 + are there + 地点状语?How much +不可数名词 + is

16、 there + 地点状语?There be句型中，反意疑问句的疑问部分应用there。例如：Theres no air on the moon，is there?2.So+助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语，表示“也是”。表示与上文中所述肯定情况相同。例如：Jack likes rice for lunch.So do I.特别提醒“So+主语+助动词/系动词be/情态动词”表示“确实如此”，表示对上文所述情况的认可和肯定。例如：Jack likes rice for lunch.So he does.3.Neither+助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语表示与上文中所述否定情况相同。例如：

17、Peter has never been to Japan.Neither have I.4.以副词开头的倒装句以here，there，out，in，down，away等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，如果主语是名词，要用倒装句。谓语动词的形式由倒装句句尾的主语决定。例如：There comes the bus.Here are the results of the test.1._? Its cloudy. A.Whats the weatherB.What was the weather likeC.Hows the weather likeD.How is the weather2. doe

18、s Linda want to be when she grows up?A tennis player like Li Na.A.How B.WhenC.What D.Where3._ me an e-mail before you come to Hangzhou.Ill meet you at the airport.A.SendingB.To sendC.SendsD.Send4.There_ too much rubbish and waste by the side of the road.A.areB.isC.hasD.have5.Help me collect these bo

19、oks,_ ?A.are youB.will youC.shall youD.do you6. weather it is！We can go boating on the Dongchang Lake.A.How badB.How goodC.What goodD.What bad7. interesting the film is!Yes.I have seen it twice.A.What B.HowC.What anD.How an8.Mum, must I go shopping with you?No, you .You can watch the film Monster Hu

20、nt with your brothers.A.neednt B.cantC.shouldnt D.mustnt9. do you like Huo Zuns “Roll of Bead Curtain”?Very much.You know I love songs that both have great lyrics and beautiful rhythm.A.Why B.HowC.WhenD.What10. The radio says it will rain next Sunday. .Were going for a picnic that day.A.I hope it wi

21、ll B.Im afraid not C.I dont think so D.I hope not11.It is raining hard.You_ go out.A.had better notB.had better not toC.had not betterD.not had better 12. do the children take art lessons a week?Three or four times.A.How long B.How many times C.How soon D.How often13._ smoke here, dad.Smoking has be

22、en banned(禁止) in public places.Sorry, I promise I_ .A.Not; willB.Dont; wontC.Dont; dontD.Not; wont 14. He can remember 100 groups of numbers in five minutes. man he is!A.What a smartB.How smartC.What a stupidD.How stupid15.We failed in the singing competition._.Better times are waiting for you.A.Wel

23、l done B.Best wishesC.Cheer upD.Good job16. If you go for a picnic, .A.wont;so will I B.wont;so I will C.dont;neither will I D.dont;neither I will17. are you going to the School Uniform Exhibition，Amy?To learn about different styles of school uniforms.A.WhatB.WhereC.WhyD.Which18.Mona has never been

24、to Disneyland, has she? ._.Shes been there twice with her parents.A.No, she hasntB.Yes, she hasC.No, she hasD.Yes, she hasnt19.Sorry sir，Ive made so many mistakes in this paper.Its OK. .This paper is very difficult.A.So have other studentsB.So do other studentsC.Neither do other studentsD.Neither ha

25、ve other students20. role she played in the movie！Thats why she has a lot of fans.A.How interestingB.How an interestingC.What interestingD.What an interesting21.Gina has made great progress this term. and .A.So she has; so have you B.So she has ;so you haveC.So has she; so you have D.So has she; so

26、have you22. ，Emma?I need help.What should I buy for my mothers birthday?A.Hows it goingB.Whats onC.Whats upD.Hows your mother23.Do you like a small, medium or large pizza?.A.Id like a medium pizzaB.Yes, I likeC.Id like some cheese on itD.I want buy some24.Its very hot in the room! the door open? A.W

27、hy dont keepB.Why dont to keepC.Why not keepD.Why not you to keep25.Im not going swimming this afternoon. . I have to help my mother do some cleaning.A.So am IB.So I amC.Neither am ID.Neither I am26.My grandpa is used to living in the city. .A.So my grandpa isB.So is my grandpaC.So my grandpa didD.S

28、o my grandpa does27.Remember to write down your name on the paper. .A.Never mind B.With pleasureC.Sure,I will D.Thats all right 28. can you hand in your homework, Tim?In about ten minutes, Mr.Hans.A.How longB.How soonC.How oftenD.How far29.Only by practising a few hours every day be able to become a

29、 pianist one day.A.you canB.can youC.will youD.you will 30. I dont think they would believe her， ?A.do I B.would theyC.wouldnt theyD.should I1.(2018滨州) _ convenient it is to live in China!Yes, weve got WeChat, shared bikes, Alipay, etc.A.What aB.WhatC.How aD.How2.(2018福建) _ does Liu Chuanjian do?Hes

30、 a pilot of Sichuan Airlines.Hes a hero!A.What B.WhereC.WhenD.Which3.(2018安顺) There is little money for Mr.Lee to buy a ticket for todays show,_ ?Exactly!A.are thereB.isnt thereC.arent thereD.is there4.(2018恩施) _, or you wont do well in your lessons.OK.I will.A.Hard work B.Work hardC.Dont work hard

31、D.Hard-working5.(2018南京) _ is it from the Childrens Palace to Nanjing South Railway Station, Tom?About 10 minutes ride by bus.A.How soonB.How longC.How farD.How much6.(2018重庆)_ me a chance and Ill bring you a surprise.A.Give B.GivingC.Gives D.To give七年级上册：Unit 5:We go to the same school and we love

32、soccer.Unit 6:I like ice-cream.but I dont eat it.七年级下册：Unit 5:Why dont you like tigers? Because theyre really scary.八年级上册： Unit 3:Tina thinks she works harder than me.Unit 10:What will happen if they have the party today?八年级下册：Unit 4:He should talk to his friend so that he can say hes sorry.Unit 5:W

33、hile Linda was sleeping ,Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.Unit 6:Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side.He cannot turn himself into a man unless he can hide his tail.九年级：Unit 2:I wonder whether June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.I believe that April i

34、s the hottest month in Thailand.Unit 3:Could you tell us when the band starts playing this evening?Unit 9:She likes musicians who play different kinds of music.一、并列句并列句由并列连词连接的两个或多个简单句构成。(一)表示联合关系的并列句 常用的连词有and (同，和)，when(= and just at this time 就在这时，然后)， not only.but (also).(不仅而且),neither.nor.(既不也不

35、)等。例如：He helps me and I help him.他帮我，我帮他。He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English.他不仅给我们提出很多建议，而且帮助我们学英语。I was just leaving when the telephone rang.我正要离开，电话铃响了。注：when表示“就在此时”，主要用于 was/were doing sth. when sth./sb.did sth.;was/were about to do sth.when sth./sb.did sth.

36、等句型中，表示“就在某人或某物正在或正要做某事时，突然发生了另一件事”。(二)表示选择关系的并列句常用的连词有or (或者，否则),otherwise (否则),or else(否则),either.or (不是就是) 。例如：Hurry up, or (else) youll be late.快点儿，否则你就会迟到了。Will he still be there or will he have gone away?他还在那里还是已经走了？You must go early, otherwise you will miss the bus.你得早点儿走，否则就错过公共汽车了。Either To

37、m or his sisters are coming.不是汤姆就是他的姐妹们要来。(三)表示转折关系的并列句常用的连词有 but(但是，可是),while(而，却),yet(可是) 等。 例如：It never rains but it pours.祸不单行。I like tea while she likes coffee.我喜欢喝茶而她喜欢喝咖啡。She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.她说她会迟到，但却准时到达了。此外，副词still (仍然)，however (然而)也表示转折关系。例如：He is good-natur

38、ed; still I dont like him.他脾气很好,可是我还是不喜欢他。The book is expensive; however, its worth it.这本书很贵，却很值。注意： but, while 不与 although 连用，但 yet, still 可与 although 连用。Although she felt ill, she still went to work.她虽然感觉不舒服，但仍然去上班。(四)表示因果关系的并列句常用的连词有 for (因为)和 so (所以，因此)等。例如：I am thirsty, for it is hot.我口渴，因为天气太热

39、。The manager was ill so I went in her place.经理病了，所以我代她去。注意： so 不与 because 连用。二、复合句复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。不同之处在于从句须由一个关联词引导。初中英语教材中涉及的复合句主要有状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句。其他诸如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中出现，但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。(一)状语从句1.时间状语从句(1)当主句是一般将来时或祈使句，表示将来

40、的意义时，从句通常用一般现在时，简称“主将从现”。例如：If he doesnt come by 12，we will set off without him.(2)when引导的时间状语从句，通常表示主句和从句的动作同时发生；before表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前；after则表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后；as引导时间状语从句时，往往表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，不分先后。例如：When she comes，Ill tell her to wait for you.It will be four days before they come back.After we had f

41、inished the work，we went home.As he explored the town，he took a lot of pictures.特别提醒when，while与as引导时间状语从句的区别 when，while和as引导的从句都可以使用延续性动词，但是when和as都可以与非延续性动词连用，而while则不能。例如：He fell asleep when/while/as he was reading.(reading是延续性动词，连词可以用when，while，as。)It was raining hard when/as we arrived.(arrived是

42、非延续性动词，连词只可以用when和as。) when可以表示瞬间、时间段，从句与主句所叙述的动作、事情可同时发生，也可有先后。例如：I thought of it just when you opened your mouth.(前后两个动作同时发生。)I will go home when he comes back.(从句动作在前，主句动作在后。) as表示两个动作同时发生，不能表示先后发生。例如：As I left the house，I forgot the key.(前后两个动作同时发生，与第点when的第一种用法相同。)(3)until/till引导的时间状语从句主句的谓语动词是

43、延续性动词时，主句用肯定形式，表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。例如：He waited for her until/till 6 oclock.(wait的动作持续到6 oclock。)主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时，用否定形式表示主句的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生，构成not.until(not有时可用never，nothing等表示否定意义的词替换)。例如：I can not go home until Friday.(go home的动作从Friday开始才发生。)(4)since引导的时间状语从句，表示“自以来”，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，

44、从句用一般过去时。例如：He has been in Shanghai since he was born.2.原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because，since，as引导，它们所表示的语气由because到as逐渐减弱，由why提出的问题用because来回答。例如：I didnt go surfing because it was too cold.(2)如果状语从句所表示的原因是人们已知的事实，就要用since，意为“既然”。例如：Since you cant answer the question，you can ask someone else for help.(3)a

45、s 引导原因状语从句表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”。例如：As it is raining，youd better take a taxi.(4)for引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明。for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后，并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。例如：He could not have seen me，for I was not there.3.条件状语从句(1)主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。例如：Ill visit the Great Wall if it doesnt rain tomorrow.I wont pass the

46、 exam unless I study hard.(2)如果if引导的条件状语从句所表示的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进行，从句要用现在完成时或进行时，主句通常用一般将来时。例如：We will give you a good price if you are thinking of buying it.4.目的状语从句(1)引导目的状语从句的词或短语有so，so that，in order that等，谓语中常含有may，might，can，could，will，would 等情态动词。例如：You should talk to him so that you can say youre

47、sorry.(2)当从句主语与主句主语一致时，可用so as to，in order to。例如：Well sit near the front so that we can hear the speaker better.=Well sit near the front so as to hear the speaker better.5.结果状语从句(1)引导结果状语从句的词有“so.that.”和“such.that.”，二者的区别是：so +形容词或副词+that。例如：She is so lovely that we love her very much.so +形容词+a/an +

48、单数名词+that。例如：She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much.such +a/an+形容词+单数名词+that。例如：She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.such+形容词+复数名词+that。例如：They are such fine teachers that we all respect them.such+形容词+不可数名词+that。例如：It is such nice weather that I would like to go to the be

49、ach.特别提醒当名词前面有many或much修饰时，用so而不用such。例如：Our country has so much coal that she can export large quantities.(2) “so.that.”的否定式可以用“too.to”或“not.enough to”代替。例如：He is so young that he cant go to school.= He is too young to go to school.=He is not old enough to go to school.(二)宾语从句在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语的句子叫“宾语

50、从句”。1.引导宾语从句的常见关联词有that，if，whether，what，who，where，why和 how等。2.宾语从句的考点：(1)时态主句是现在时，从句根据实际情况使用相应时态(从句时态可以与主句时态不同)。例如：Mary thinks that the teams were just fantastic.主句是过去时，从句使用过去的某种时态。例如：He told me that he would take part in the high jump.从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，不管主句使用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。例如：He told me that the

51、earth goes around the sun.(2)语序宾语从句的语序一般使用陈述语序，即“主语+谓语”。例如：Do you know what Kates e-mail address is?(3)连接词that在从句中只起连接作用时可以省略。例如：He told us (that) she was a good girl.(that可省略。)特别提醒that在以下情况下不可省略：当宾语从句的主语是that时。例如：He says that that is a useful book.当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。例如：Im afraid that if you dont study

52、hard，you will fail the exam.当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。例如：He said (that) the play was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.(第1个that可省略，第2个that不可省略。)(三)定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫“定语从句”。定语从句通常置于它修饰的名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”。例如：Carmen likes musicians who play d

53、ifferent kinds of music.(who引导定语从句，修饰先行词musicians。)1.关系代词(1)that：一般情况下，that既可以指人，也可以指物，可以代替who，whom和which在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。例如：I love movies that are funny.(2)which：指物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词及介词的宾语。例如：The story which he told was very interesting.特别提醒关系代词that和which的区别：只能使用that的情况：a.当先行词是nothing，something，anything，

54、all，each等不定代词时。例如：Do you have anything that is important to tell me?b.当先行词被all，any，some，no，not，every，each等修饰时。例如：I have some books that are very good.c.当先行词前有the only，the very，the last，the next等词修饰时。例如：This is the only book that I can find.d.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如：This is the first book that I bought myself.e.当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。例如：Which is the bike that you lost?f.当先行词既有人也有物时。例如：I wont forget the things and the people that I s