初中英语名词复数、语法大全

1、中学英语名词复数可数名词有单数（singular form）和复数 plural form两种形式；表示一个人或物用单数形式，表示一个以上的人或物用复数形式；1 一般在词尾加-s ；s 在浊辅音后面读z ，在清辅音后面读s，在 t后与 t一起读 ts ，在 d 后与 d 一起读 dz ；例如：book books书day days天、日dog dogs狗tree trees树2 以 s ， sh ，ch ， x 结尾的词在词尾加-es，读 iz 例如：glass glasses玻璃杯watch watches手表box boxes盒子brush brushes刷3 以 o 结尾的词有些加-es

2、 ，读 z；有些加 -s ，读 s；例如： tomato tomatoes西红柿potato potatoes土豆photo photos相片radio radios收音机zoo zoos动物园4 以 f 或 fe结尾的词，先把f 改为 v，再加 es ，读 vz ；例如： knife knives小刀leaf leaves树叶life lives生命thief thieves小偷5 以辅音字母加y 结尾的，先把y 改为 i，再加 -es ，读 z；例如： story stories故事city cities城市family families家庭baby babies婴儿留意： boy boy

3、s男孩toy toys玩具key keys钥匙6 有些名词有不规章的复数形式；例如：man men男人woman women妇女tooth teeth牙齿foot feet脚7 有些名词的单复数形式相同；例如；deer deer鹿sheep sheep 绵羊chinese chinese中国人japanese japanese日本人8 有些学科名词虽以s 结尾，但通常都做单数名词看待；例如：physics物理maths数学politics政治news新闻9 有些单数形式的名词具有复数的含义，要当作复数看待；例如：people人们，人民police警察public公众练习一、写出以下名词的复数形

4、式；movielifeknifefryleafphotoradi opiaozootomatopotatobuswatchboxbookmapcatfilmdoormonthhorsepictureclassboytoothwomaneyetoothgermanchinesemanfootballchildclassroommonkeyfrenchman二、挑选填空：1. there are some on the hill.a. sheepsb. a sheepc. sheepd. sheepes2. mr black often gives us by email.a. some good

5、 informationb. some good informationsc. good informationsd. a good information3. there are some new books in the school library. they are books.a. childb. childrens'c. childrend. children's4. i have worn out my shoes, so i want to buy a new .a. pairb. onec. onesd. trousers5. meimei's han

6、dwriting is better than any other in his class.a. studentsb. studentsc. student'sd. students'6. the hospital is a bit far from here. it's about .a. forty minutes's walkb. forty minute's walkc. forty minutes walkd. forty minutes' walk7. how many are there in your class .a. jap

7、aneseb. americanc. australiand. canadian8. i found my black cat in room.a. jim and mikeb. jim and mike'sc. jim's and mike'sd. jim's and mike9. how much are the .a. breadb. meats.c. potatosd. tomatoes10. there are many in our school.a. woman teachers b. woman's teachers c. women t

8、eachers d. women's teachers11. three months a long time for me.a. isb. arec. haved. has12. there are and on the table.a. two boxes cake; four bottle of orangesb. two boxes cake; four bottle of orangec. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of oranged. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges三、挑选填空：1

9、.theyare a:manctorsdoctorb:mendoctorsc:mendoctord:mando2therea:sheeparefive inthehill.b:sheepsc:goosed:deers3 thosewhitesocks small.a:areb:isc:am d:do4 wehavemany inourschool.a:womanteacherb:womenteachersc:womanteachersd:womenteacher5 doyoulike .a:vegetableb:vegetablesc:anvegetable 6howmany dotheyha

10、ve.a:pictureb:picturesc:apicture7 therearesix intheroom.a:volleyballb:volleyballsc:avolleyballd:vol leyballs8 arethese teachers.a:womanb:womenc:womans9 itis .a:milkb:amilkc:anmolk d:milks10 itsa .itisn tan .a:apple,eggb;cake,eggc:egg,orange,d:e gg,cake11 tomandjimare .a:friendsb:friendc:brother d:si

11、ster12 wherearehis . thedresser.a:keys,theyareonb:key,theyareonc:keys,itisatd:key,itisin13arethoseyour .a:bookesb:boxsc:apples d:apple14thereis inourroom.a:apictureandfivemapsb:fivemapsandapi cturec:twopicturesandfivemapsd:twopictureandfive map中学英语语法大全一、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不行数名词，而不行数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有

12、单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s；如： fathers, books, americans, germans, apples, bananas二） x, sh, ch, s, tch后加 es ；如： boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三） 1）以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y 为 i 再加 es如： baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2 ）以元音字母加y 结尾的

13、直接加s；如： day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以 o 结尾加 s（外来词）；如：radios, photos,但如是辅音加o 的加 es ：如: tomatoes西红柿 , potatoes马铃薯五）以 f 或 fe 结尾的变f 为 v 再加 ess ；如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子 , chinese, japanese

14、七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police 警察局，警察, class 班，同学 , family 家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词；如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-penpals;但假如是由man 或 woman 所组成的合成词的复数就同时为复数；如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

15、十）有的单复数意思不同；如：fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类 , paper 纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work 工作works 作品，工厂 , glass 玻璃glasses 玻璃杯，眼镜 , orange 桔子水oranges 橙子 , light 光线lights 灯, people人 peoples民族 , time 时间times 时代 , 次数 , chicken鸡肉 chickens小鸡十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s 或；s如： is is, ks k ；但s如 是缩略词就只加s；如： ids, vcds, sars十二）特别形式的有：child-chi

16、ldren, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, englishman-englishmen二、名词的格1 当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用全部格形式；构成如下：一）单数在后面加；s如： brother s, mike s, teachers二）复数以s 结尾的直接在s 后加 ，假如不是以s 结尾的与单数一样处理；如：teachers day 老师节 , classmates ; children s六da一y节 , women s day 三八节三）由 and 并列的名词全部时，假如

17、是共同全部同一人或物时，只加最终一个，s但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理；如：mike and ben s room 迈克和本的房间（共住一间），mikes and ben s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）2 代词项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主 格 宾格形容词名词性第一人称单数imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves其次人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数sheherherhersherselfheithimithisitshisitshimselfthi

18、sthatitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthesethosethemselves3 动词a ） 第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应当像名词的单数变动词那样加s ，如下：一）一般在词后加s ；如： comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在 x, sh, ch, s, tch后加 es；如： watches, washes, wishes, finishes三） 1）以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y 为 i 再加 es ；如： study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2

19、 ）以元音字母加y 结尾的直接加s；如： plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以 o 结尾加 es ；如： does, goes五）特别的有：are-is, have-has b ） 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing ；如： spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以不发音e 的结尾的去掉e

20、再加 ing ；如： dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking,practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（留意除开字母组合如show showing, draw-drawing）要双写最终的辅音字母再加ing ；如： put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以 ie 结尾的变ie 为 y 再加 ing ；如： tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-

21、lying位于4 形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，就要使用比较或最高级形式；构成如下：一） 一般在词后加er 或 est 假如是以e 结尾就直接加r 或 st ；如：greater-greatest, shortershortest, taller tallest, longerlongest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重读闭音节结尾且1 个元音字母 1 个辅音字母 字母组合除外， 如 few-fewer fewest结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est ；如： big-bigger biggest, red-redder redde

22、st, hot-hotter hottest三）以辅音字母y 结尾的变y 为 i 加 er/est ；如： happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliestmore friendly most friendly, busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特别情形：两好多坏，一少老远good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/illworse worst little- less leas

23、t old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5 数词基变序，有规章；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th ；y 结尾，变为i, eth跟上去； first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、句式1. 陈述句确定陈述句a) this is a bo

24、ok. be动词 b) he looks very young. 连系动词 c) i want a sweat like this. 实义动词 d) i can bring some things to school. 情态动词 e) there s a computer on my desk. there be结构 否定陈述句a these arent their books. b they dont look nice.c kate doesn t go to no. 4 middle school. d kate can t find her doll.e there isn t a c

25、at here. =there s no cat here.2. 祈使句确定祈使句a please go and ask the man.b let s learn english.c come in, please.否定祈使句a don t be late. b dont hurry.3. 疑问句1) 一般疑问句a is jim a student.b can i help you.c does she like salad.d do they watch tv. e is she reading.确定回答 :a yes, he is.b yes, you can.c yes, she do

26、es.d yes, they do.e yes, she is.否定回答 :a no, he isnbt. no, you can tc. no, she doesn td. no, they don te. no, sheisn t.2) 挑选疑问句is the table big or small.回答it s big./ it s small.3) 特别疑问句 问年龄how old is lucy. she is twelve.问种类what kind of movies do you like.i like action movies and comedies.问身体状况how is

27、your uncle.he is well/fine.问方式how do/can you spell it.how do we contact you.l-double o-k.my e-mail address is cindyjones. 问缘由why do you want to join the club. 问时间whats the time. =what time is it. its a quarter to ten a.m. what time do you usually get up, rick.at five o clock.when do you want to go.l

28、et s go at 7:00. 问地方wheres my backpack.it s under the table. 问颜色what color are they.they are light blue.what s your favo urite color.it s black. 问人物whos that.it s my sister.who is the boy in blue.my brother.who isn t at school.peter and emma. who are lisa and tim talking to. 问东西whats this/that in en

29、glish.it s a pencil case.what else can you see in the picture.i can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.（ 11 ）问姓名whats your aunts name.her name is helen./shes helen.what s your first name.my first name s ben.12what s yourfamily name.问哪一个which do you like.my family name s smith.i like one

30、in the box.13问字母what letter is it.it s big d/small f.14问价格how much are these pants.they re 15 dollars.15问电话号码what s your phon e number.it s 57-86349.16问谓语 动作 what s he doing.he s watching tv.17问职业 身份 what do you do.i m a teacher.what s your father.he s a doctor.三、时态1 、一般现在时表示普遍、常常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它

31、有：be动词： she s a worker. is sh e a worker.she isn t a worker.情态动词： i can play the piano. can you play the piano.i can t play the piano.行为动词： they want to eat some tomatoes.do they want to eat any tomatoes. they don t want to eat any tomatoes.gina has a nice watch. does gina have a nice watch. gina do

32、esn t have a watch.2 、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth +其它；they re listening to the pop music. are they listening the pop music.they aren t listening to the pop music.a ）名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不行数名词，而不行数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s；如： fathers, books, americans, germans, apples,

33、bananas二） x, sh, ch, s, tch后加 es ；如： boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三） 1）以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y 为 i 再加 es如： baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2 ）以元音字母加y 结尾的直接加s；如： day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以 o 结尾加 s（外来词）；如：radios, photos,但如是辅音加o 的加 es ：如: tomatoes西红柿 , potatoes马铃薯五）以 f 或 fe 结尾的变f 为 v 再加 ess ；如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子 , chinese, japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的