初中英语语法-现在完成时讲解以及练习题讲义

1、现在完成时1.构成现在完成时是由助动词havehas+动词的过去分词构成；助动词 havehas说明事情发生于现在；它和主语的人称、数要保持一样；过去分词在句子中做谓语，说明句子的含义；2.用法（1）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果；常被 just、already、 yet 等副词修饰；如：-have you had lunch yet.-yes,i have. i've just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过；（现在我不饿了）（ 2）表示从过去某一时刻开头始终连续到现在的动作或状态；这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍旧在进行；常带有for 和 sin

2、ce 等表示一段时间的状语；如： he has taught here since 1981他自 1981 年就在这儿教书；（可能仍要连续教）i have't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了；（ 3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种体会，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有 twice,ever,never,three times 等时间状语；如：i have been to beijing twice. 我去过北京二次；3.现在完成时的时间状语（ 1）现在完成时属于现在时范畴，故不能和过去的时间状语连用；如：yesterday,last sun

3、day,in1990,three years ago 等；但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用；a. 用副词 already 和 yet；already 一般用于确定句中，yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中；如： we have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了；they haven't finished their homework yet.他们仍没有完成作业；b.用 ever 和 never；多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经 ”或“从未 “等；如： -have you ever been to the g

4、reat wall.你曾经去过长城吗？-i have never been to the great wall. 我从未去过长城；c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,up to now,the past few years 等；例如： i have seen her before,but i can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过；he has been there three times the last few days.近几年他去过那里三次了；d.用包括 “现在 ”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,this morn

5、ingmonth,year,term等；例如：-have you met him today.-no,i haven't.今日你见过他吗？我没有；how many times have you been there this year.今年你去过那里多少次？（ 2）现在完成时可以和带有since 或 for 等表示 “一段时间 ”的状语连用 ,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开头，始终连续到现在；如：ihaven't seen himfortwoyears.但是，像come,arrive,buy 等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间 ”的状语连用； 要用， 必需改为 “ b（e在） ”等连

6、续性动词来表述；现归纳总结一下由非连续性动词到连续性动词的转换：arrive be herebeginstart be on die be deadcome back be backleave be awayfall illsick,asleep be illsick,asleep get up be upgo out be outfinish be overput on wear 或 be onopen be openjoin be in 或 be a member of close be closedgo to school be a student borrow keepbuy have

7、catcha cold haavceoldget to know knowbegin to study studycome to work wor等k如： he has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了；his father has been dead for two years. 他父亲去世二年了；the film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已开头非常钟了；we have studied english for three years.我们（开头）学英语已三年了；4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区分现在完成时和一般过去

8、时都表示在过去完成的动作； 但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系； 如对现在产生的结果或影响等， 而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生， 不表示和现在的关系；试比较：i have lost my new book.我把新书丢了；（现在仍未找到）i lost my new book yesterday.我昨天把新书丢了；（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）5.几点留意事项（1）have beento与 have gone to 的区分： have beento表示 “去过某地（现在已经回来了） ”，可用于各人称；have goneto表示 “去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，

9、 前者可与 once ,never,several times 等连用， 后者就不能； 如： they have been to beijingtwice. 他们去过北京两次；he has gone to beijing .他去北京了；（ 2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since 一词，也不必用完成时；如： it is two years since his father died. =his father has been dead for two years. 他父亲去世已有三年了；（ 3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以连续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连

10、用；如： i haven't left here since 1997. 自从 1997 年以来，我始终没有离开过这儿；一、单项挑选1. li hong has the army for 2 years.a. joined b. be in c. been in d. joined in2. we have been friends since .a. children b. five years c. five years ago d. five years before3. mike the story for a month.a. has bought b. has had c.

11、 had had d. has borrowed4. you that question three times.a. already asked b. have already askedc. already have asked d. asked already5. those foreign friends left guangzhou .a. since last week b. a week ago c. for a week d. since a week ago6. i at this school for two years.a. am studying b. study c.

12、 studied d. have studied7. they in the city since last summer.a. live b. didn t live c. have lived d. live8. mrs. wang has lived in haikou 1992.a. since b. from c. after d. in9. mr. black china since the summer of 1998.a. has been to b. has been in c. has come to d. came to10. his father for years.a

13、. has died b. has been dead c. died d. dies11. mary to see the films because she it twice.a. won t go, saw b. won t go, will seec. won t go, has seen d. didn t go, sees13. you england. yes, it a beautiful country.a. will, gone to, was b.have, been to, isc. had, been to, is d.have, gone to, is14. - y

14、ou to beijing.-no, i .i there early next month.a. have, been, haven t, am going b. had, been, hadn t, am goingc. have, gone, haven t, was going d. did,go, didn t, was going15. -you sister to london to study english. is that true.-yes , she there for two months.a. has been, has been b. will go, has g

15、onec. gone, will be d. has gone, has been42. his sister her hometown for three years. she'll return next yeara left b has left c has been away d has been away from以适当形式填空1. i already see the film. i see it last week.2. - he finish his work today . -not yet .3. - you be to hong kong .-yes, i be t

16、here twice .4. - you ever eat chocolate sundaes . -no, never.5. my father just come back from work. he is tired now.6. where s li ming . he go to the teacher s office.句型转换 每空一词 ；1. i have been to macau before. 改为否定句 i been to macau before.2. he hasn t come to school because he he come to school.就划线部

17、分s 提ill 问3. he has learned english for 5 years. 就划线部分提问 learned english .5. we began to learn english three years ago. 改为同义句 we english three years6. he has lived here since 1999. 就划线部分提问 he here.7. they have already finished the work. （否定）they the work .8. my father got there two days ago. （同义句）my

18、father for two days.9. mr. li began to teach english in this school in 1999.（同义句）mr. li english in this school since 1999.10. the factory opened ten years ago. （同义句） the factory for ten years.11. they have cleaned the room twice this week. 就划线部分提问 they the classroom this week.12. my father went to england in 2003 and 2005.（同义句）my father england .13. john left beijing three years ago.（同义句）john beijing three years.14. his company clo